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The Life and Legacy of José Rizal: National Hero of the Philippines

Dr. José Rizal, the national hero of the Philippines, is not only admired for possessing intellectual brilliance but also for taking a stand and resisting the Spanish colonial government. While his death sparked a revolution to overthrow the tyranny, Rizal will always be remembered for his compassion towards the Filipino people and the country.

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Humble beginnings

José Protasio Rizal Mercado Y Alonso Realonda was born on June 19, 1861 to Francisco Mercado and Teodora Alonzo in the town of Calamba in the province of Laguna. He had nine sisters and one brother. At the early age of three, the future political leader had already learned the English alphabet. And, by the age of five, José could already read and write.

Upon enrolling at the Ateneo Municipal de Manila (now referred to as Ateneo De Manila University ), he dropped the last three names in his full name, after his brother’s advice – hence, being known as José Protasio Rizal. His performance in school was outstanding – winning various poetry contests, impressing his professors with his familiarity of Castilian and other foreign languages, and crafting literary essays that were critical of the Spanish historical accounts of pre-colonial Philippine societies.

A man with multiple professions

While he originally obtained a land surveyor and assessor’s degree in Ateneo, Rizal also took up a preparatory course on law at the University of Santo Tomas (UST). But when he learned that his mother was going blind, he decided to switch to medicine school in UST and later on specialized in ophthalmology. In May 1882, he decided to travel to Madrid in Spain , and earned his Licentiate in Medicine at the Universidad Central de Madrid.

Apart from being known as an expert in the field of medicine, a poet, and an essayist, Rizal exhibited other amazing talents. He knew how to paint, sketch, and make sculptures. Because he lived in Europe for about 10 years, he also became a polyglot – conversant in 22 languages. Aside from poetry and creative writing, Rizal had varying degrees of expertise in architecture, sociology, anthropology, fencing, martial arts, and economics to name a few.

His novels awakened Philippine nationalism

Rizal had been very vocal against the Spanish government, but in a peaceful and progressive manner. For him, “the pen was mightier than the sword.” And through his writings, he exposed the corruption and wrongdoings of government officials as well as the Spanish friars.

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While in Barcelona, Rizal contributed essays, poems, allegories, and editorials to the Spanish newspaper, La Solidaridad. Most of his writings, both in his essays and editorials, centered on individual rights and freedom, specifically for the Filipino people . As part of his reforms, he even called for the inclusion of the Philippines to become a province of Spain.

But, among his best works , two novels stood out from the rest – Noli Me Tángere (Touch Me Not) and El Filibusterismo ( The Reign of the Greed).

In both novels, Rizal harshly criticized the Spanish colonial rule in the country and exposed the ills of Philippine society at the time. And because he wrote about the injustices and brutalities of the Spaniards in the country, the authorities banned Filipinos from reading the controversial books. Yet they were not able to ban it completely. As more Filipinos read the books, their eyes opened to the truth that they were suffering unspeakable abuses at the hands of the friars. These two novels by Rizal, now considered his literary masterpieces, are said to have indirectly sparked the Philippine Revolution.

Rizal’s unfateful days

Upon his return to the Philippines, Rizal formed a progressive organization called the La Liga Filipina. This civic movement advocated social reforms through legal means. Now Rizal was considered even more of a threat by the Spanish authorities (alongside his novels and essays), which ultimately led to his exile in Dapitan in northern Mindanao .

This however did not stop him from continuing his plans for reform. While in Dapitan, Rizal built a school, hospital, and water system. He also taught farming and worked on agricultural projects such as using abaca to make ropes.

In 1896, Rizal was granted leave by then Governor-General Blanco, after volunteering to travel to Cuba to serve as doctor to yellow fever victims. But at that time, the Katipunan had a full-blown revolution and Rizal was accused of being associated with the secret militant society. On his way to Cuba, he was arrested in Barcelona and sent back to Manila to stand for trial before the court martial. Rizal was charged with sedition, conspiracy, and rebellion – and therefore, sentenced to death by firing squad.

Days before his execution, Rizal bid farewell to his motherland and countrymen through one of his final letters, entitled Mi último adiós or My Last Farewell. Dr. José Rizal was executed on the morning of December 30, 1896, in what was then called Bagumbayan (now referred to as Luneta). Upon hearing the command to shoot him, he faced the squad and uttered in his final breath: “ Consummatum est” (It is finished). According to historical accounts , only one bullet ended the life of the Filipino martyr and hero.

His legacy lives on

After his death, the Philippine Revolution continued until 1898. And with the assistance of the United States , the Philippines declared its independence from Spain on June 12, 1898. This was the time that the Philippine flag was waved at General Emilio Aguinaldo’s residence in Kawit, Cavite.

Today, Dr. Rizal’s brilliance, compassion, courage, and patriotism are greatly remembered and recognized by the Filipino people. His two novels are continuously being analyzed by students and professionals.

Colleges and universities in the Philippines even require their students to take a subject which centers around the life and works of Rizal. Every year, the Filipinos celebrate Rizal Day – December 30 each year – to commemorate his life and works. Filipinos look back at how his founding of La Liga Filipina and his two novels had an effect on the early beginnings of the Philippine Revolution. The people also recognize his advocacy to achieve liberty through peaceful means rather than violent revolution.

In honor of Rizal, memorials and statues of the national hero can be found not only within the Philippines, but in selected cities around the world. A road in the Chanakyapuri area of New Delhi (India) and in Medan, Indonesia is named after him. The José Rizal Bridge and Rizal Park in the city of Seattle are also dedicated to the late hero.

Within the Philippines, there are streets, towns/cities, a university (Rizal University), and a province named after him. Three species have also been named after Rizal – the Draco rizali (a small lizard, known as a flying dragon), Apogania rizali (a very rare kind of beetle with five horns) and the Rhacophorus rizali (a peculiar frog species).

To commemorate what he did for the country, the Philippines built a memorial park for him – now referred to as Rizal Park, found in Manila . There lies a monument which contains a standing bronze sculpture of Rizal, an obelisk, and a stone base said to contain his remains. The monument stands near the place where he fell during his execution in Luneta.

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• My Hero - Biography of Jose Rizal
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• GlobalSecurity.org - José Rizal and the Propaganda Movement
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• Who was José Rizal and what were his major contributions to Filipino history?
• What were José Rizal's most famous literary works and what themes did they explore?
• How did José Rizal's writings influence the Philippine independence movement?
• What were the key events that led to José Rizal's execution, and how did it impact the Filipino people?
• How is José Rizal remembered and honored in the Philippines today?
• What were José Rizal's views on education and social reform in the Philippines?
• How did José Rizal's travels in Europe influence his perspective on Filipino society?
• What was José Rizal's role in the formation of La Liga Filipina, and what were the organization's goals?
• How did José Rizal's family background shape his political and social views?
• How has José Rizal's legacy influenced modern Filipino literature and culture?

José Rizal (born June 19, 1861, Calamba, Philippines—died December 30, 1896, Manila) was a patriot, physician, and man of letters who was an inspiration to the Philippine nationalist movement.

The son of a prosperous landowner, Rizal was educated in Manila and at the University of Madrid . A brilliant medical student, he soon committed himself to the reform of Spanish rule in his home country , though he never advocated Philippine independence. Most of his writing was done in Europe, where he resided between 1882 and 1892.

In 1887 Rizal published his first novel , Noli me tangere ( The Social Cancer ), a passionate exposure of the evils of Spanish rule in the Philippines . A sequel, El filibusterismo (1891; The Reign of Greed ), established his reputation as the leading spokesman of the Philippine reform movement. He published an annotated edition (1890; reprinted 1958) of Antonio Morga’s Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, hoping to show that the native people of the Philippines had a long history before the coming of the Spaniards. He became the leader of the Propaganda Movement , contributing numerous articles to its newspaper, La Solidaridad , published in Barcelona . Rizal’s political program included integration of the Philippines as a province of Spain, representation in the Cortes (the Spanish parliament), the replacement of Spanish friars by Filipino priests, freedom of assembly and expression, and equality of Filipinos and Spaniards before the law.

Rizal returned to the Philippines in 1892. He founded a nonviolent-reform society, the Liga Filipina , in Manila, and was deported to Dapitan in northwest Mindanao . He remained in exile for the next four years. In 1896 the Katipunan , a Filipino nationalist secret society , revolted against Spain. Although he had no connections with that organization and he had had no part in the insurrection, Rizal was arrested and tried for sedition by the military. Found guilty, he was publicly executed by a firing squad in Manila. His martyrdom convinced Filipinos that there was no alternative to independence from Spain. On the eve of his execution, while confined in Fort Santiago, Rizal wrote “ Último adiós” (“Last Farewell”), a masterpiece of 19th-century Spanish verse.

Biography of José Rizal, National Hero of the Philippines

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Life in Europe

Novels and other writing, program of reforms, exile and courtship, trial and execution.

• Ph.D., History, Boston University
• J.D., University of Washington School of Law
• B.A., History, Western Washington University

José Rizal (June 19, 1861–December 30, 1896) was a man of intellectual power and artistic talent whom Filipinos honor as their national hero. He excelled at anything that he put his mind to: medicine, poetry, sketching, architecture, sociology, and more. Despite little evidence, he was martyred by Spanish colonial authorities on charges of conspiracy, sedition, and rebellion when he was only 35.

Fast Facts: José Rizal

• Known For : National hero of the Philippines for his key role inspiring the Philippine Revolution against colonial Spain
• Also Known As: José Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda
• Born : June 19, 1861, at Calamba, Laguna
• Parents : Francisco Rizal Mercado and Teodora Alonzo y Quintos
• Died : December 30, 1896, in Manila, the Philippines
• Education : Ateneo Municipal de Manila; studied medicine at the University of Santo Tomas in Manila; medicine and philosophy at the Universidad Central de Madrid; ophthalmology at the University of Paris and the University of Heidelberg
• Published Works : Noli Me Tangere, El Filibusterismo
• Spouse : Josephine Bracken (married two hours before his death)
• Notable Quote: "On this battlefield man has no better weapon than his intelligence, no other force but his heart."

José Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda was born on June 19, 1861, at Calamba, Laguna, the seventh child of Francisco Rizal Mercado and Teodora Alonzo y Quintos. The family were wealthy farmers who rented land from the Dominican religious order. Descendants of a Chinese immigrant named Domingo Lam-co, they changed their name to Mercado ("market") under the pressure of anti-Chinese feeling among the Spanish colonizers.

From an early age, Rizal showed a precocious intellect. He learned the alphabet from his mother at the age of 3 and could read and write at age 5.

Rizal attended the Ateneo Municipal de Manila, graduating at age 16 with the highest honors. He took a post-graduate course there in land surveying.

Rizal completed his surveyor's training in 1877 and passed the licensing exam in May 1878, but he could not receive a license to practice because he was only 17. He was granted a license in 1881 when he reached the age of majority.

In 1878, the young man enrolled in the University of Santo Tomas as a medical student. He later quit the school, alleging discrimination against Filipino students by the Dominican professors.

In May 1882, Rizal got on a ship to Spain without informing his parents. He enrolled at the Universidad Central de Madrid after arriving. In June 1884, he received his medical degree at the age of 23; the following year, he graduated from the Philosophy and Letters department.

Inspired by his mother's advancing blindness, Rizal next went to the University of Paris and then to the University of Heidelberg for further study in ophthalmology. At Heidelberg, he studied under the famed professor Otto Becker (1828–1890). Rizal finished his second doctorate at Heidelberg in 1887.

Rizal lived in Europe for 10 years and picked up a number of languages. He could converse in more than 10 different tongues. While in Europe, the young Filipino impressed everyone he met with his charm, intelligence, and mastery of a range of different fields of study. Rizal excelled at martial arts, fencing, sculpture, painting, teaching, anthropology , and journalism, among other areas.

During his European sojourn, he also began to write novels. Rizal finished his first book, " Noli Me Tangere " (Latin for "Touch Me Not"), while living in Wilhelmsfeld, Germany, with the Rev. Karl Ullmer.

Rizal wrote "Noli Me Tangere" in Spanish; it was published in 1887 in Berlin, Germany. The novel is a scathing indictment of the Catholic Church and Spanish colonial rule in the Philippines, and its publication cemented Rizal's position on the Spanish colonial government's list of troublemakers. When Rizal returned home for a visit, he received a summons from the governor-general and had to defend himself against charges of disseminating subversive ideas.

Although the Spanish governor accepted Rizal's explanations, the Catholic Church was less willing to forgive. In 1891, Rizal published a sequel, titled " El Filibusterismo ." When published in English, it was titled "The Reign of Greed."

In his novels and newspaper editorials, Rizal called for a number of reforms of the Spanish colonial system in the Philippines. He advocated freedom of speech and assembly, equal rights before the law for Filipinos, and Filipino priests in place of the often-corrupt Spanish churchmen. In addition, Rizal called for the Philippines to become a province of Spain, with representation in the Spanish legislature, the Cortes Generales .

Rizal never called for independence for the Philippines. Nonetheless, the colonial government considered him a dangerous radical and declared him an enemy of the state.

In 1892, Rizal returned to the Philippines. He was almost immediately accused of being involved in the brewing rebellion and was exiled to Dapitan City, on the island of Mindanao. Rizal would stay there for four years, teaching school and encouraging agricultural reforms.

During that period, the people of the Philippines grew more eager to revolt against the Spanish colonial presence. Inspired in part by Rizal's progressive organization La Liga , rebel leaders such as Andres Bonifacio (1863–1897) began to press for military action against the Spanish regime.

In Dapitan, Rizal met and fell in love with Josephine Bracken, who brought her stepfather to him for a cataract operation. The couple applied for a marriage license but were denied by the Church, which had excommunicated Rizal.

The Philippine Revolution broke out in 1896. Rizal denounced the violence and received permission to travel to Cuba to tend to victims of yellow fever in exchange for his freedom. Bonifacio and two associates sneaked aboard the ship to Cuba before it left the Philippines and tried to convince Rizal to escape with them, but Rizal refused.

He was arrested by the Spanish on the way, taken to Barcelona, and then extradited to Manila for trial. Rizal was tried by court-martial and charged with conspiracy, sedition, and rebellion. Despite a lack of evidence of his complicity in the Revolution, Rizal was convicted on all counts and given a death sentence.

He was allowed to marry Bracken two hours before his execution by firing squad in Manila on December 30, 1896. Rizal was just 35 years old.

José Rizal is remembered today throughout the Philippines for his brilliance, courage, peaceful resistance to tyranny, and compassion. Filipino schoolchildren study his final literary work, a poem called " Mi Ultimo Adios " ("My Last Goodbye"), and his two famous novels.

Spurred by Rizal's martyrdom, the Philippine Revolution continued until 1898. With assistance from the United States, the Philippine archipelago defeated the Spanish army. The Philippines declared independence from Spain on June 12, 1898, becoming the first democratic republic in Asia.

• de Ocampo, Estaban A. " Dr. Jose Rizal, Father of Filipino Nationalism ." Journal of Southeast Asian History .
• Rizal, José. "One Hundred Letters of José Rizal." Philippine National Historical Society.
• Valenzuela, Maria Theresa. " Constructing National Heroes: Postcolonial Philippine and Cuban Biographies of José Rizal and José Martí ." Biography .
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How Rizal Became the National Hero of the Philippines

Find out why Jose Rizal (and not Andres Bonifacio) is the national hero of the Philippines.

It has always been a heated argument on who deserves to be called Philippine’s national hero — Jose Rizal or Andres Bonifacio.

Why is Jose Rizal the national hero of the Philippines? It is interesting to note that Jose Rizal’s heroism was recognized first by the colonizing Americans and later on by General Emilio Aguinaldo.

Recommended by US Governor Taft

The Americans (through the American Governor William Howard Taft) recommended to the Philippine Commission, which was sponsored by the US, to declare Jose Rizal as a national hero for the Filipinos. The Americans recommended Rizal because of the fact that he was executed by the Spaniards and of his peaceful way to achieve liberty. Unlike Andres Bonifacio whose desire to achieve independence for his native land required armed approach. The Americans deemed this approach to independence of Andres Bonifacio to be unacceptable and may inspire other Filipinos to rebel against American rule. This is why Jose Rizal was chosen over him as the national hero. Jose Rizal was declared as the greatest Filipino hero during the American colonization after the Aguinaldo led armed forces were subdued during the Philippine-American war.

December 30th as National Day of Mourning

General Emilio Aguinaldo was the first one to declare December 30th as a national day of mourning in honor of Rizal and others who have died fighting the Spanish tyranny.

The Pen Is Mightier Than the Sword

The Philippine revolution led by Andres Bonifacio was fueled by the writings of Jose Rizal, Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, which made a more lasting impression. This is one of the best arguments of those who believe that Rizal is rightfully the national hero. Rizal was truly an inspiration to many Filipinos during the Spanish period. According to the historian Rafael Palma, Rizal was more deserving of the national hero title. Rizal was even thought to have suggested that Antonio Luna lead the revolutionary forces since Luna has studied military science which was a brilliant idea to lessen casualties against the powerhouse Spanish militia. Rizal believed that only an army that was well prepared and had enough arms would ensure victory .

Founder of La Liga Filipina

Jose Rizal founded the La Liga Filipina, a civic organization that led to the creation of the Katipunan headed by Andres Bonifacio. This fact may already substantiate that Rizal’s title was deserving since without the La Liga Filipina, Andres Bonifacio and his army would have been non-existent.

Everything started with Rizal. Philippine Revolution against Spain started what was known as the First Republic led by Emilio Aguinaldo.

For Rizal, violence or armed resistance only as a last resort and considered the restoration of the people’s dignity as a justification means of achieving national liberation and self-rule. On the other hand, Filipinos are also grateful to Andres Bonifacio’s legacy, his advocacy to an armed revolution. We credit both Rizal and Bonifacio for awakening the patriotic spirit of Filipinos.

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Who is Rizal? : A compilation of Argumentative Essays on the "National Hero"

Looking into works of historians/scholars such as Ocampo, Constantino, and Joaquin, this series of essays aims to discuss the different perspectives towards Rizal in terms of his upbringing and heroism. Consequently, the frameworks that drive these historians/scholars' works are also brought to light in these papers.

Related Papers

Daphne Baybayan

Emman Ray Rodriguez

Jestoni B . Castro

This is a reflection paper questioning the position of Dr. Jose Rizal as the Philippines national hero. This paper do not have the intention to disrespect Rizal but more often that he should not the only national hero that Philippines must have. Let always put in our mind that an opinion without respect on the other side is not an opinion it was a mere foolishness of a man.

Althea Hannah D . Deloso

Jose Rizal, a pivotal figure in Philippine history, emerges as a symbol of enlightenment, resilience, and national identity. Born in 1861 during Spanish colonial rule, Rizal became a versatile nationalist and reformist, advocating for Philippine independence through his writings. "The First Filipino" by Leon Ma. Guerrero, a 1963 biography, offers a comprehensive exploration of Rizal's life, highlighting his influence on Philippine history and the ongoing struggle for freedom. This abstract delves into Rizal's childhood and education, revealing the significant impact of his family and the colonial environment on his intellectual growth. It explores his conflicts within the oppressive educational system in the Philippines and his decision to pursue foreign education in Spain, where he developed a profound understanding of colonialism's destructive nature. The abstract further examines Rizal's role in fostering nationalist expression through his novels, acting as powerful tools for social change and inspiring a generation of reformists and revolutionaries. Rizal's strategic opposition to Spanish colonialism, emphasizing nonviolent tactics and intellectual resistance, is explored, highlighting his role in founding the Liga Filipina and his subsequent exile to Dapitan. Jose Rizal's lasting legacy and significance in Philippine history are discussed, emphasizing his influence on succeeding generations and the global resonance of his views on justice and human rights. His life, works, and sacrifices continue to inspire the fight for justice, liberty, and patriotism, making him a revered national hero in the Philippines. The abstract concludes by acknowledging Rizal's enduring impact and his place in the rich tapestry of Philippine history.

Edward A . Despabiladeras

Juan Ma. Guerrero's "The First Filipino" delves into the life, struggles, and enduring legacy of Jose Rizal, the national hero of the Philippines. This comprehensive critical paper, exceeding 2500 words, meticulously unravels Rizal's journey from an elite reformist to a fervent nationalist. Guerrero's narrative navigates through Rizal's formative years, education, and experiences abroad, offering a nuanced exploration of the complexities surrounding his identity, privilege, and commitment to justice. The paper examines Rizal's pivotal role in challenging Spanish colonialism through his literary masterpieces, "Noli Me Tangere" and "El Filibusterismo." Guerrero's work extends beyond a conventional biography, becoming a reflective mirror that prompts contemporary Filipinos to question inherited narratives and actively participate in shaping a society founded on principles of equality, justice, and authentic freedom.

Elaine Carigma

This critical papers tackles on the Life and Works of Rizal based on the biography book written by Leon Maria Guerrero entitled, "The First Filipino"

This reflection paper critically explores the dichotomy surrounding Jose Rizal's status as a hero in Philippine nationalism. Initiated during early university studies and influenced by Renato Constantino's essay, "Veneration Without Understanding," the paper navigates through the complexities of Rizal's heroism, challenging the idealized narrative ingrained in early education. The discourse on Rizal's heroism, fueled by fervent debates, reveals a societal divide between veneration and condemnation. Comprehensive explorations delve into Rizal's opposition to the revolution, American sponsorship influence, and the intricacies of his legacy, prompting a nuanced understanding. The paper reflects on hero-worship, American colonization strategies, and Rizal's multifaceted character. It also contemplates the broader concept of heroism, urging a shift from historical pedestals to contemporary struggles. The abstract concludes by emphasizing the democratic nature of heroism, encouraging collective efforts for a more just society and recognizing the potential within each individual to contribute to the ongoing narrative of Filipino nationhood.

Jinky Peñalosa

Lorie Villanueva

John Vincent Cruz

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[OPINION] Reading, understanding, and appreciating Rizal

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This is AI generated summarization, which may have errors. For context, always refer to the full article.

The way José Rizal is celebrated in the Philippines as a national hero finds no match in the world. Shrines and monuments dedicated to his figure are abundant throughout the archipelago, and his name indicates often the most prominent street or plaza in town. Rizal is a subject in the university as it has become a symbol of Philippine patriotism. Some historians have gained fame and money becoming eminent “Rizalistas,” and I was not surprised at all when I got to know that there is even a small group of religious believers in Mount Banahaw called Rizalistas, who claim Rizal is the real messiah. Rizal is the favorite among the national heroes , and the best word I find to call the relation between Filipinos and Rizal is devotion.

Although Rizal was already esteemed as a top intellectual and writer both in the Philippines and Spain, the making of Rizal as a national hero was a legitimate and well-intentioned operation carried out a few decades after his cruel execution during the American period. And the problem with having him converted into a national hero is that it has resulted in some unexpected consequences: an exaggerated focus in his life: what I have called “chismography” about Rizal, the oblivion of other world-class Filipino intellectuals – Sanciangco, De Los Reyes, Kalaw – and a neglect of what it should be most valued: his writings. 

I remember a day in class when I asked my students what they could say about Rizal, and I was told he was a babaero (womanizer) and had many many girlfriends. “That’s why he is our role model!” one said cheerfully. I remember a student telling me she failed in class because she forgot the color of the shirt Rizal was wearing when he was shot. I can recall the faces of disappointment every time I bring my foreign friends to Rizal’s shrine, a reliquary-like place where you can find a long list of the professions Rizal supposedly practiced and the list of the 14 languages he was supposed to master, but nothing that could help to understand him.

The state of semi-divinity achieved by his figure carries other problems: “I will not achieve what he did in 35 years. He is a genius and he liked to work hard. I admire him, but I prefer a simple life,” another student told me. Rizal has been placed on such a high level that some young Filipinos do not think of him anymore as a human person whose achievements could inspire.

The lack of understanding of Rizal comes, in my modest opinion, because Rizal was a writer and suffers the irony of being a national hero in a country where most people do not like to read. Sadly, the proliferation of monuments, shrines, and homages have not been accompanied by a close scrutiny of his writings, which are most often read in a very shallow and purely nationalistic way. Apart from Noli and Fili , the rest of his abundant and rich written production is almost impossible to find in bookstores, and if not for the outstanding efforts of another patriot – Teodoro M. Kalaw – in collecting and editing most of his precious letters, those would not be easily available today.

The centennial of his birth moved the government in 1961 to publish most of his works in several volumes. However, the editorial criteria was far from the rigor demanded today in reliable editions and, most importantly, with the exception of Noli and Fili , and some other English translations, most of the works of Rizal are still only available in a language most Filipinos do not speak: Spanish. Even for his masterpiece, the only critically annotated bilingual edition was published by Vibal Fundation in 2011.

I perfectly understand that renaming a square or placing a statue in a square is way easier than publishing critical editions, but I truly believe, given the current circumstances, that the works of José Rizal truly deserve it. Establishing carefully the texts, annotating it in order to make more accessible to all kind of readers, and providing translations to the most important Filipino languages would be an undeniable exercise of patriotism that should not be longer delayed. No one can blame Filipinos for not reading Rizal when, in the first place, most of his works are not easily available.

It can happen that a Filipino reader does not have the patience to read his novels, but it could well happen that this same reader might enjoy reading his private letters or short articles. Although Filipinos cannot access the stylish beauty of his Spanish, they could get engaged with his rich arguments, with superb critical thinking skills, his uncommon intellectual brightness. Admiring Rizal without understanding him is a kind of empty nationalism and blind devotion. I do not find a better way to pay him a tribute than to read his work and getting to understand his formidable prose and his compelling ideas. Before being a hero, he was already a gifted writer, and Rizal, like another writer, wanted to be read. – Rappler.com

Jorge Mojarro has lived in the Philippines since 2009. He holds a PhD in Philippine colonial literature, teaches Spanish language and culture at the Instituto Cervantes de Manila, and conducts research for the University of Santo Tomas. He is a self-proclaimed lover of Philippine gastronomy.

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Essay on My Favourite National Hero

Students are often asked to write an essay on My Favourite National Hero in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on My Favourite National Hero

Introduction.

My favourite national hero is Mahatma Gandhi, the father of the nation of India.

Gandhi’s Life

Born in 1869, Gandhi was a lawyer who believed in non-violence. He fought against the British rule in India using peaceful methods.

Gandhi’s Contribution

Gandhi led the Salt March, a non-violent protest against the salt tax imposed by the British. His actions inspired millions.

Gandhi’s principles of truth and non-violence influenced the world. His life teaches us to stand for what is right, making him my favourite national hero.

250 Words Essay on My Favourite National Hero

Gandhi’s early life.

Born in Porbandar, Gujarat, in 1869, Gandhi’s early life was shaped by the religious and moral values of his family. His experiences in South Africa, where he faced racial discrimination, catalysed his political activism. He developed ‘Satyagraha’ or ‘the force of truth’, a non-violent resistance method that became instrumental in challenging unjust systems.

Leader of India’s Freedom Struggle

Gandhi’s leadership during India’s struggle for independence was marked by his unwavering commitment to non-violence. His iconic Salt March in 1930 was a powerful act of civil disobedience against the British salt tax, demonstrating the strength of peaceful resistance.

Non-violence: A Global Influence

Gandhi’s philosophy of non-violence transcended India’s borders, inspiring global figures such as Martin Luther King Jr. and Nelson Mandela. His ideas continue to resonate in movements for social and political change worldwide.

Mahatma Gandhi, my favourite national hero, was a beacon of hope and resilience. His life and philosophy continue to inspire millions around the globe, making him a timeless hero. His message of peace and non-violence is more relevant today than ever, reminding us that change can be effected without resorting to violence. His legacy is a testament to the power of truth, love, and non-violence.

500 Words Essay on My Favourite National Hero

A national hero is a person who has made significant contributions to the country’s development and progress. These heroes can be found in various fields, including politics, science, arts, and sports. Among the many national heroes that have shaped the world, my favourite is Mahatma Gandhi, the father of the Indian nation.

Mahatma Gandhi: The Man of the Hour

Non-violence: a tool for change.

Gandhi’s philosophy of non-violence, or ‘Ahimsa’, is one of the reasons why he is my favourite national hero. He believed that violence only breeds more violence, and the only way to achieve true peace and justice is through non-violence. This philosophy was not only theoretical but also practical. He applied it in his struggle for India’s independence, leading peaceful protests and strikes, the most famous of which are the Salt March and Quit India Movement.

Champion of Equality

Gandhi was a champion of equality, another reason why he is my favourite national hero. He fought against the social evils of untouchability and caste discrimination that plagued Indian society. His vision of an egalitarian society where everyone is treated equally irrespective of their caste, creed, religion, or gender is a testament to his greatness.

The Legacy of Gandhi

Gandhi’s teachings continue to be relevant today. In a world where violence and hatred seem to be escalating, his philosophy of peace, tolerance, and non-violence serves as a beacon of hope.

In conclusion, Mahatma Gandhi, with his unwavering commitment to non-violence and equality, is my favourite national hero. His life and teachings have left an indelible mark on the world, inspiring millions to stand up for their rights peacefully and with dignity. His legacy continues to guide us, reminding us of the power of peace and the importance of treating everyone with respect and fairness.

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Our National Hero - Free Essay Examples and Topic Ideas

Our national hero is a widely respected figure who played a crucial role in shaping the history of our country. He / she is known for their extraordinary courage, selflessness, and devotion towards the betterment of our society. Their life and achievements continue to serve as an inspiration to the future generations, reminding us of our duty towards our nation and its people. Their name has become synonymous with patriotism and their contributions to the country are celebrated with pride and honor.

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What Makes a 'True' Filipino Hero?

It is often said that Philippine history is the history of the struggle of the many against the few. Our society concentrates power and resources at the hands of the few elite, while millions are left to fend for scraps and suffer oppression.

It is in these special moments that sweeping movements emerge. Revolutions, wars, and other special periods forge certain kinds of people: visionaries, leaders, revolutionaries. Today, we consider them heroes. But what makes a Filipino hero?

Our history is filled with great men and women who rose against the current and stood for what they believed in. Some of them fought for their own interests. Others fought for principles they believed in. Some were more divisive. But they had their common threads.

Take Lapu-Lapu, for example. Widely considered the first Filipino hero, he fought the Spaniards in Mactan and managed to kill Ferdinand Magellan, staving off Spanish colonial conquest for 60 years before Miguel Lopez de Legazpi finished the job.

Historical facts, however, show that Lapu-Lapu was less the patriotic defender of the archipelago and more of a local warlord who fought to defend his territory against his rival Humabon. Is Lapu-Lapu less heroic now that we know that he was driven more by selfish interest? Or does the symbolic fact that he fought against a foreign colonizer and won make up for any shortcomings in romanticized virtue?

The same can be asked of other Filipino heroes in our colonial history. Figures like Gabriela Silang and Francisco Dagohoy are revered today, and rightfully so, for leading revolts that sought to break the back of Spanish oppression. 

But, like Lapu-Lapu, they waged their struggle not because of a patriotic sense of duty but for personal reasons. Dagohoy, for example, sparked the longest revolt in Philippine history after a Jesuit priest refused a Christian burial for his brother. Gabriela and her husband Diego, meanwhile, were emboldened by the British occupation of Manila.

There is no doubt that they knew who their enemies were. But the question remains the same: What weighs more in determining heroism—motive or legacy?

Sometimes those who share the same goals end up with blurred lines. The decades-old question of Jose Rizal or Andres Bonifacio still finds no answers to this day. Both were no doubt great individuals—but where Rizal sought reforms for his fellow Filipinos, Bonifacio took up arms in the quest for freedom.

We now enjoy a country that reaps the benefits of that revolutionary struggle. At the same time, we have elevated Rizal’s life and works to a position rightfully befitting “the Great Malayan.” But how can two people, seemingly on opposite ends of reform and revolution, both be heroes?

And what of Emilio Aguinaldo, the first President who waved the flag of independence in Kawit, Cavite? There is no doubt that his contributions to the Revolution cannot be discounted. But he was also the man who signed the Pact of Biak-na-Bato, which killed both Bonifacio and Antonio Luna, and collaborated with the Japanese during the Second World War.

Is he still the Filipino hero we deserve?

P erhaps the question of heroes is not a question we can answer by counting deeds or intentions. Too many figures in our history are shrouded in controversy—after all, people are never as clear-cut as books portray them.

Perhaps it is more important to look at our heroes through the lives they lived. Instead of looking at what they did or what symbols they portray, maybe it is more important for us to recognize how they lived their lives and for whom.

During martial law, an entire generation of Filipinos found themselves at a crossroads. The youthful idealism of the student movement came head-to-head with the ugly face of a fascist dictatorship. Thousands were left to choose: Stay silent or fight?

For so many people, the choice was obvious; it was only a matter of how. Stalwarts like Lorenzo Tañada, Jose Diokno, and Ninoy Aquino chose to fight the Marcos dictatorship by staying defiant, forming the core of a democratic opposition in an increasingly undemocratic republic. 

Others, like Edgar Jopson, Melito Glor, and Eman Lacaba, took the path of armed struggle, choosing to serve the wider masses of the Filipino people.

In the end, it is this distinction that seems most important. Controversial figures often have their “hero” status questioned because of who they were and whose interest they served. For thousands of the country’s poorest farmers, Gregorion Rosal was a hero of the people and the man who fought with them for a better life. For the Cory Aquino administration, he was Ka Roger, commander of the New People’s Army and public enemy number one.

Philippine history is never as simple as history books make it out to be. There is no villain in the story of Roger and Cory; only protagonists. Ka Roger was the face of the Communist Party of the Philippines until his death, and an active participant in the decades-old civil war in the countryside. Cory Aquino’s soldiers, meanwhile, kidnapped Ka Roger’s daughter Andrea when she was barely four years old and threatened to throw her off a helicopter if Roger didn’t surrender.

But perhaps the greatest Filipino heroes are those whose lives are unquestionably heroic. Dandy Miguel was a man who devoted his life to his fellow workers—first as a unionist, then as vice president of regional labor center PAMANTIK-KMU. He worked tirelessly to ensure workers everywhere had their rights to fair wages, regularization, and other benefits.

On March 28, 2021, Palm Sunday, he was killed by unknown assailants. He was the 10th activist killed that month in CALABARZON. His killers are still unknown.

But if there is one sure thing about Miguel, is that he was a true hero, not just for the working class, but for Filipinos everywhere. And maybe, that is what matters most.

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Essay on My Favourite National Hero: Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose

Write an Essay or a Paragraph on “My Favourite National Hero” in English.

   MY FAVOURITE NATIONAL HERO

AN INDIAN PATRIOT

Table of Contents

Introduction:

In our country, many great heroes were born in the past. They were great Patriots. They sacrificed their lives for the freedom of their motherland. We remember their names with love and respect. My favourite National Hero, among the great heroes of modern India, the name of Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose comes uppermost in my mind . He is my favourite National hero. He is the glory of India. He is the symbol of struggle and sacrifice.

Life of Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose:

The life of Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose was very attractive. It is full of heroic activities. He was born on 23rd January in 1897 in Cuttack, the capital of Orissa. His father Janaki Nath Bose was a famous lawyer. A brilliant student throughout his academic career, he stood second in the Matriculation Examination. But above all, he was one of the greatest Patriots of India. He refused to accept service under the British government after passing the ICS Examination. He jumped into the national movement of India and became the President of the National Congress in 1938.

Activities for Freedom Movement:

During the second world war, he was interned in his own house. But one night he escaped from his house throwing dust into the vigilant eyes of the gourds. He left India in disguise and went first to Germany and then to Singapore where with the help of Rashbihari Bose he organised the Azad Hind Fouz . It was here that Subhash Chandra Bose began to be called ‘Netaji’ by the soldiers of the I.N.A. With this army, Netaji started his heroic and triumphant March up to Imphal, the capital of Manipur but thereafter had to retreat for want of food and arms. With his heart writhing in pain Netaji left for Tokyo in a plane but alas never to return.

Conclusion:

There is a mystery around Netaji’s death. Though there is a rumour that Netaji died in a plane crash, many Indians still believe that Netaji is still alive. Dead or alive our beloved Netaji will remain ever alive in our mind.

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Our National Hero Essay

Read Our National Hero Essay with complete background knowledge. This essay will help in your studies and essay writings.

Our National Hero Essay 200 words

Pakistan’s national hero is Muhammad Ali Jinnah, also known as the Quaid-e-Azam, which translates to “Great Leader.” He was the founder of Pakistan and played a crucial role in the independence movement that led to the creation of Pakistan on August 14, 1947.

Jinnah was born in Karachi in 1876 and was educated in London, where he became a barrister. He joined the Indian National Congress in 1906 and worked toward the betterment of Muslims in India. However, he soon realized that Congress was not representing the interests of Muslims, and thus, he founded the All India Muslim League in 1909.

Jinnah’s vision for a separate Muslim state in India became a reality when Pakistan was formed in 1947. He served as the first Governor-General of Pakistan until he died in 1948. Jinnah was a staunch believer in democracy, equality, and religious freedom. He fought tirelessly for the rights of Muslims in India and was a vocal advocate for the creation of Pakistan.

Jinnah’s leadership and determination are an inspiration to millions of Pakistanis today. His commitment to democracy and religious freedom remains relevant in Pakistan’s modern-day struggles. Jinnah’s vision for a prosperous and democratic Pakistan remains a guiding light for the nation. He will always be remembered as a hero and a true visionary.

Essay On Our National Hero 500 words

Pakistan has produced numerous heroes and leaders who have dedicated their lives to serve their country, but one name that stands out is that of Quaid-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah. He was the founding father of Pakistan, the country that came into being on August 14, 1947. Jinnah is known as the national hero of Pakistan and is revered by millions of Pakistanis as a symbol of unity, freedom, and justice.

Jinnah was born in Karachi on December 25, 1876, and was then part of British India. He was a bright and ambitious student who excelled in academics and politics early. He completed his law degree from Lincoln’s Inn in London and started his career as a lawyer in Bombay. Jinnah’s passion for politics led him to join the Indian National Congress in 1906. However, he soon became disillusioned with Congress, and its policies, which he felt were dominated by Hindus and ignored the rights of Muslims.

In 1913, Jinnah joined the Muslim League, which was established to represent the interests of Muslims in British India. He soon emerged as a leader of the league and worked tirelessly to protect Muslims’ rights and demand a separate homeland for them. Jinnah’s vision of a separate Muslim state was realized on August 14, 1947, when Pakistan came into being.

Jinnah’s leadership was crucial in the struggle for Pakistan’s independence. He was a man of great integrity, honesty, and wisdom, and his unwavering commitment to his cause inspired millions of Muslims in India to join the struggle for freedom. Jinnah’s speeches and statements are still studied and admired by students and scholars of politics worldwide.

Jinnah’s contributions to Pakistan did not end with the country’s creation. He served as the country’s first governor-general and worked tirelessly to establish the new state and to create a sense of national unity among its people. Jinnah believed in democracy, equality, and justice and strived to make Pakistan a modern, progressive, and prosperous nation.

Unfortunately, Jinnah’s life was cut short by illness, and he died on September 11, 1948, at 71. However, his legacy lives on, and he is remembered as one of the greatest leaders in the history of South Asia. Jinnah’s vision of Pakistan as a modern, democratic, and progressive state continues to inspire the people of Pakistan, and his ideals remain a guiding light for the country.

In conclusion, Quaid-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah was a true national hero of Pakistan. He dedicated his life to serving his country and people, and his contributions to the cause of Pakistan’s independence and subsequent development are immeasurable. Jinnah’s vision, leadership, and commitment to democracy, equality, and justice continue to inspire the people of Pakistan, and his legacy will always be remembered with pride and gratitude.

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Sana Mursleen is a student studying English Literature at Lahore Garrison University (LGU). With her love for writing and humor, she writes essays for Top Study World. Sana is an avid reader and has a passion for history, politics, and social issues.

Essay On Our National hero

by Pakiology | Aug 19, 2024 | Essay , English | 0 comments

Pakistan has produced many national heroes who have contributed to the country in various ways. Among them, one of the most prominent figures is Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah . He is considered the founding father of Pakistan and played a pivotal role in the creation of the country.

Born on December 25, 1876, in Karachi, Jinnah was a brilliant student who graduated from the prestigious Sindh Madrasa-Tul-Islam and later studied law at Lincoln’s Inn in London. He started his political career as a member of the Indian National Congress but later joined the All India Muslim League due to his differences with the Congress on the issue of Muslim rights.

Jinnah was a strong advocate for the rights of Muslims in India and believed in the creation of a separate homeland for them. He tirelessly worked towards this goal and played a crucial role in the negotiations that led to the creation of Pakistan in 1947.

As the first Governor General of Pakistan, Jinnah laid the foundations of the country and worked towards its development. He emphasized the importance of unity and religious tolerance and laid the foundations for a democratic and progressive nation.

One of the most remarkable things about Jinnah was his leadership abilities and political acumen. He was a master strategist and negotiator, and his skills were instrumental in the creation of Pakistan.

He also faced many challenges and obstacles during his struggle for a separate homeland for Muslims. The British government, the Hindu leadership, and even some Muslim leaders opposed the idea of Pakistan. However, Jinnah remained determined and steadfast in his vision and ultimately succeeded in achieving his goal.

Jinnah was also a visionary leader who had a clear idea of the kind of country he wanted Pakistan to be. He believed in democracy, rule of law, and religious freedom, and worked towards building a modern and progressive nation. He is remembered for his famous speech to the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan on August 11, 1947, in which he outlined his vision for the country.

In addition to his political contributions, Jinnah was also a successful lawyer and businessman. He was a prominent figure in the Bombay Presidency, and his legal practice was highly successful. He was also a member of the Bombay Municipal Corporation and the founder of the Muslim League Bombay Presidency.

In short, Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah was a truly remarkable figure who dedicated his life to the cause of Muslim rights and the creation of Pakistan. His leadership, political acumen, and determination will always be remembered and celebrated.

Jinnah passed away on September 11, 1948, but his contributions to Pakistan will never be forgotten. He remains a national hero and an inspiration for future generations.  

In conclusion, Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah is a national hero of Pakistan who played a crucial role in the creation of the country. His unwavering dedication to the cause of Muslim rights and his tireless efforts toward the creation of a separate homeland will always be remembered and celebrated.

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