sample resume for government jobs australia

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Resume templates and cover letter examples

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How to write a resume and cover letter

A resume is a written record of your education, skills and experience. It provides a summary of your work history, training and knowledge.

A CV (curriculum vitae) is similar but tends to be longer and more detailed. Although both terms are often used in Australia, we will refer to resumes here.

As well as your resume, you will need a cover letter to accompany your job application. It should be short and specific, highlighting your skills and experience in relation to the position you are applying for.

Your resume and cover letter is your first chance to convince an employer that you are the right person for the job.

Before you begin writing your resume, think about your work history and note your achievements and skills.

The layout of your resume should be neat, simple and easy to read. Aim for 1–3 pages, depending on how long you have been in the workforce. Employers often have to read multiple job applications so use headings and dot points to make your resume easy to read.

Employers will be looking for your:

• contact details
• career strengths
• employment history
• education and training achievements

Read more about how to write an effective resume .

If you need help with formatting, resume templates are provided with some word processors (e.g. Microsoft Word) and are available online.

Go online to find templates, cover letters, resume examples and advice about how to apply for jobs (e.g. myfuture ).

Cover letters

Your cover letter is an important component of your application and should:

• introduce you to the employer
• identify the position you are applying for
• convey your enthusiasm for the position
• highlight the stand-out qualities that make you a great candidate
• inspire the reader to continue reading your application (cover letters are not a summary of your resume).

You only need to write a 1 page cover letter and address it directly to the employer or contact person for the job.

All cover letters should be tailored to suit that particular job.

Learn more about writing good cover letters .

Selection criteria

Some jobs (especially government jobs) will ask you to meet particular requirements or selection criteria. Selection criteria may also be known as core or key capabilities.

Your responses should demonstrate, with relevant examples, that you have the required experience, skills and abilities to do the job. Be succinct and use dot points where appropriate.

Read more about how to write selection criteria .

Public Service Resume Template

Applying for the Australian Public Service (APS) can be quite overwhelming. There’s a lot that need to be taken into account, especially when preparing your resume or CV. This in on top of perfecting your pitch .

The very finest details would either impede or progress your application, give you an advantage over other applicants, or rule you out from the competition completely. 

To get you started, we have provided a free public sector resume template. 

Click below to download our editable, ATS Friendly, DIY Australian resume template in MS Word format.

Important: On the next page, make sure to enter a valid email address as this is where we’ll send you the download link.

About this resume layout:

• Simple format that works for anyone applying for Federal, State or Local-level public sector roles 
• Simple line diving content and a good mix of colours to create a professional aesthetic 
• Captures most of your key information on Page 1 so the selection panel would immediately see your relevant skills, achievements and qualifications and match these with your selection criteria/pitch 
• Just note: This template is DIY, which means we don’t offer support in terms of formatting your resume or creating your content. For a full-service public sector resume, check out Pricing and Services here.  

Once you’ve crafted your winning resume, you may send it to us to receive a free,  confidential, and objective assessment.

Are you still having difficulties preparing your public sector resume? 

Get in touch to find out how we can help. 

At Rev-Up Your Resume, we carefully match our clients’ experience and skills with the role requirements and Integrated Leadership System (ILS) framework. As one of the leading professional resume writers, we have assisted thousands of clients applying for State Governments (ACT Government, NSW Government, QLD Government, SA Government, VIC Government), Government Department and Agencies (Home Affairs, AFP, ATO, ACIC, Austrade, DFAT, Defence, PM&C, DSS) and local Government and Councils.  

Visit: www.rev-upyourresume.com.au for more info or connect with us through LinkedIn , Twitter , and Facebook .

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Welcome to Public Service Resumes, the home of Government Selection Criteria & Resume writers for Federal, State and Local level Public Sector job applications. Public Service Resumes offer an invaluable service when it comes to completing your Selection Criteria , Resume , Cover Letter or LinkedIn Profile, when you require we also provide Interview Skills or Career Development Coaching. Public Service Resumes line up of professional writers, coaches and staff have extensive exposure to Government application and recruitment processes. This includes, working on Selection Panels and Interview Panels, working within Human Resource Departments, and undertaking Senior Executive roles. If you are looking for professional documents that are completed by industry qualified and experienced Government Selection Criteria & Resume writers with a proven success rate, then the team at Public Services Resumes are on standby and waiting to help!

Public Service Resumes take the stress out of writing the professional-level documents that government job applications require. We accurately link your skills and experience to the positions that you are applying for and understand the significance of a professional eye-catching document that will make you “stand out from the crowd”.  Public Service Resumes offer high-quality services for candidates at every stage of their Public Sector career. From Graduates or Trainees, to Senior Executive Management positions – Public Service Resumes Government Selection Criteria & Resume Writers have you covered!

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The Public Service Resumes team operate Australia wide, specialising in Federal, State and local Council Government applications. Public Service Resumes has a team of professional Government Selection Criteria & Resume writers waiting on standby to help you today with your Government application needs. All Public Service Resumes documents are provided to you in an editable document upon delivery and includes a 45 Day Review and Feedback period, in addition to a 100% Customer Satisfaction Guarantee! Contact one of our friendly and trained customer service consultants now for obligation free assistance, advice or a quote. Public Service Resumes operate seven days a week including outside business hours and Public Holidays.

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Give it a go: Tips to apply for a position when you don’t meet the criteria

Have you ever seen a job you wanted to apply for, but you didn’t have all the requirements? Many people think you should only apply for a job if you fulfil all the criteria listed in the position description. However, they are mistaken. It is still worth applying if you don’t meet all the requirements listed in the job description. Employers set the benchmark high, setting the requirements they would ideally like the candidate to... Read more

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Top Government Resume Tips

Our top resume tips, re-write or edit your government resume for every position you apply for..

Every time you apply for a job, whether it is a government job or a job in the private industry, you should be editing your resume. You should tailor your education history, core skills and achievements for the type of position you are applying for. You can also use (cut and paste, but don't over do it) key phrases and key words from the job description and selection criteria into your resume to show that you have a good match of skills for the position.

Put the most relevant information first.

Selection panels have lots of applications to read through and they generally aren't extensively trained or used to recruitment exercises, so putting this important information first is going to make it easier to find. If someone is reading through your application and is skim reading (very common in first cuts of applications) you will want the most important information to stand out, and stand out big! Other ways to help selection panels find and notice important information:

• Use highlighting
• Use bullet points
• Use lots of white space (making your resume easy to skim read).

Don't rely on spelling and grammar checkers.

You should check your resume yourself for spelling and grammar errors. Even better, get someone else to check it for you.

Don’t use jargon

Jargon and acronyms are going to be confusing for someone who is not working in your industry. Selection panels often have independent members who are not in that particular industry and it is important to remember that they have equal say in who gets the job. Make it easier for them, and you will be helping yourself.

Keep the style consistent.

For example, the way you handle dates and titles should be consistent. Most people have one resume that they keep adding to, and over the years it can become a bit inconsistent. This can make things confusing for the people reading your resume, and the last thing you want to do when applying for a job is confuse the decision makers. Keeping things easy and straight forward will put more ticks in your box!

Keep the length of your resume to around three pages.

If you are applying for a job in the private industry, then your resume will probably need to be longer. But because you have your statements against the selection criteria, a government resume just needs to summarise your employment history and key relevant points. Don't pad it out if you don't think it looks long enough. A length resume will actually work against you. In a private industry application, your resume is your job application. In a government job application, your resume is a supporting document.

Use a clear and easy to read font type.

Sized at about font size 12 is perfect. Don't use custom fonts, because if you are sending in word document the fonts will most likely be replaced, leading to an ugly resume. Keep it to a plain and common font.

Use headings.

This will make the sections of your resume clear and easy to find.

Have wide margins.

This will allow the person reviewing your resume to make notes, and white space makes your resume easier to read through and find important information.

Use the footer.

Put your name and the page number in the footer of each page. This will ensure that pages of your application don't go missing when they are printed or photocopied for the selection panel.

Tips for presentation.

If you are printing and sending in your resume (very uncommon these days, but some people still do):

• Use good quality white paper, but not custom stationary or embossed paper
• Staple the document together, do not bind it or put it in a presentation folder (this will most likely get thrown out by the recruitment / HR team when they compile applications and make copies for the selection panel)

If you are emailing your resume remember:

• It should contain as little formatting  as possible.
• It should not contain a lot of colour - it will be printed, most likely in black and white, and potentially photocopied in black and white for the selection panel.
• Don't PDF your resume unless it is requested in this format. If you are applying through a recruitment agency they will definitely want a Word version so they can edit out your personal details before they submit it to their client.

General presentation tips:

• Unless you are applying for a position in a creative industry, such as website design, graphic art or photography etc., stay away from graphics and fancy borders. While you may be trying to grab the reader’s attention, it will make your resume more difficult to read and understand, and will therefore most likely have a negative impact.
• Generally it is not a good idea to include a photo of yourself in your resume unless you are in a highly specialised or small industry and you wish for someone on the selection panel to recognise you.

Don't forget to include...

Memberships of relevant industry organisations and societies.

More Help With Your Job Application:

Cover Letter for Government Job Examples (APS, State and Local)

Written by Nicole Wren

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by Nicole Wren | Apr 2, 2024 | Career Advice , Examples

Writing your cover letter for a government job requires a different approach than writing your cover letter for a job in the private sector. While it may state ‘cover letter’, it is usually actually asking for a selection criteria response. How you approach it will depend on which level of government you are applying for, since the requirements for APS, State and local roles differ between each other. Our detailed cover letter for government jobs examples – tailored for APS, (all) state and local positions – will help you understand what is required.

Australian Public Service (APS) Cover Letter Requirements

The APS has specific guidelines and criteria for job applications. They may refer to their written application as a ‘pitch’ or ‘statement’.  They will specify the length requirements in the application guidelines, but these are often 500 words, 600 words, 800 words, 1000 words or even more.

Our comprehensive APS Application Guide provides a step-by-step method to writing these (and other APS applications):

• Fully editable templates for all common APS short-form application types (e.g. pitch, statement of claims etc.)
• Editable APS resume template
• Full written examples for APS applications at different stages of career (APS2, APS3, APS4, APS5, APS6, EL1, EL2)
• 8-step process to write any APS application
• Keyword/ phrase lists for the Integrated Leadership System (ILS) and Work Level Standards (WLS) for each level

Cover Letter for Government Job – State Requirements

Did you know that each State government has its own specific requirements? As such, it’s essential to thoroughly read the job advertisement and address any selection criteria outlined.

Queensland Government Cover Letter Requirements

You can find Queensland Government jobs via the Smartjobs website .

As well as your resume, you’re also required to a 1-2 page cover letter or ‘statement’ that addresses “how your experience, abilities, education, skills and personal qualities relate to the requirements of the role, taking into account key responsibilities and attributes”.

Read a full Queensland cover letter for government job example .

New South Wales Government Cover Letter Requirements

Find NSW Government jobs via the I Work for NSW website .

In addition to your resume, you’re required to submit a one to two-page cover letter or a short statement against 1-2 targeted questions. You’ll need to refer to the behavioural indicators relating to the capability level in the NSW public sector.

Read a full NSW cover letter for government job example .

Australian Capital Territory – ACT Government Cover Letter Requirements

You can find ACT Government jobs via this website.

In addition to your resume, you’re also asked to complete a response to the selection criteria. There will be either a page or word limit.

Along with your resume, you’ll need to respond to the selection criteria. This may have a specific word length or page length. You may also be asked for a standard ‘selection criteria’ response, where you’ll use each criterion as a heading and address each one, using the STAR format, in your response.

Read an ACT cover letter for government job example .

Victorian Government Cover Letter Requirements

Find Vic Government jobs here .

In addition to your resume, you’re required to submit a key selection criteria (KSC) document. You’ll need to write short statements (usually 60-120 words), addressing each criterion.

Read a Victorian cover letter for government job example .

Western Australian Government Cover Letter Requirements

You can find WA Government jobs here .

Each WA Department has its own application requirements and procedures, so you will need to check the application guidelines for each job carefully.

Read a WA cover letter for government job example .

South Australian Government Cover Letter Requirements

Find SA government jobs via the I Work For SA website .

In addition to your resume, you’re required to submit a cover letter or response to the selection criteria.

Read a SA cover letter for government job example .

Tasmanian Government Cover Letter Requirements

Find Tasmanian government jobs here .

In addition to your resume, you’re required to submit a cover letter application addressing the selection criteria or traditional selection criteria response.  

Read a Tasmanian cover letter for government job example .

Northern Territory Government Cover Letter Requirements

You can find NT Government jobs here .

In addition to your resume, you’re required to submit a one-page statement. While you should take the selection criteria into account in your response, not each one needs to be addressed individually.

Read a NT cover letter for government job example .

Cover Letter for Government Job – Local Government Requirements

Each local government organisation will have its own application requirements. Usually, you will need to address specific selection criteria in the context of the job requirements.

Read a cover letter for local council job example .

Crafting a winning cover letter for government jobs requires careful attention to detail and a tailored approach. By following the examples and tips provided here (and reading the application guidelines very carefully!), you can develop your own effective government cover letter.

Contact us if you have further questions.

Nicole Wren

Senior Writer

Nicole is the principal resume writer at Resumes to Impress. Nicole loves writing and sharing her knowledge about all things job hunting and career guidance.

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Applying for Australian Government Jobs – State by State

• Post author: theresumewriters
• Post published: May 22, 2020
• Post category: Job Seeking / Selection Criteria
• Post comments: 0 Comments

Applying for Australian state government jobs

Tas Gov, VPS, NSW Gov, WA Gov, ACT Gov, QLD Gov, SA Gov and how they differ.

By Jacquie Liversidge

Applying for australian government jobs - state by state.

In this article, we’ll detail the requirements for each state. Read ahead to your state with the links below if you prefer.

•  New South Wales
• Australian Capital Territory
• Northern Territory
• Western Australia
• South Australia

By this point, I’m sure you’re familiar with the STAR approach for selection criteria response. If you’re not, go read this first and then come back.

Selection criteria state by state in Australia varies widely.

It is not simpl y enough to know how to structure your response using STAR —compounding the complexity of applying for government are each state  government’s own unique requirements for applications. 

And then there can be departmental preferences. This is far too long to detail, but I’ll give you the run down on to whom this applies (WA Government, eyes on you).

Each of these requirements can be found either on the information for applicants guide separately listed on each government website, from the information listed within each job advertisement or by perusing a range of jobs on government website and learning what is generally required.

That last one takes a bit of practice.

So, state by state, here is the low down.

Tasmania - Tasmanian Government, or Tas Gov

Our hometown. The Tasmanian State Service could certainly elucidate their requirements. 

We find these ones to be generally a little more confusing than some of the other state governments. Tasmanian Government jobs are listed here: https://www.jobs.tas.gov.au/ and are occasionally advertised on SEEK.com , but not always. 

If you are looking for a government role with the Tasmanian State Service, don’t rely on SEEK to find it.

There are generally two different ways that Tas Gov will ask you to apply. Either in the form of a long-form application–our traditional selection criteria responses—or in a short form application. 

These short form applications are two pages long and require you to address the selection criteria in the context of the role. 

It’s a little different to a traditional selection criteria—you need to address the selection criteria of course, but you don’t include the question, and you structure it a bit like a cover letter. 

More information about structuring these specifically can be found here.  

There are no page limits on resumes .

You will be able to determine whether a short form application applies by clicking on the job listing and scrolling down to the bottom of page to the How to apply section. 

This is an example of a job listing with a traditional selection criteria:

Note how there are no directions specifying otherwise. 

All applications for Tas Gov departments go through the Tas Gov careers website, unlike some state governments where applications are redirected to that specific department’s website.

This is an example of a short form application: 

In these directions, there is specific reference to the Short Form Application.

Important to note: some applications will ask for a cover letter accompanying a selection criteria, and some will not. 

However, no cover letter is required to accompany a short-form application ever . 

Sometimes responses must be copied and pasted into pre-allocated sections, and some will require a file upload. Always preview the application form prior to embarking on the application.

Working our wa y around the country anti-clockwise:

Victoria - Victorian Public Service, VPS

I personally find the Victorian Public Service, or VPS, to be disastrously confusing to navigate, and having completed over 700 government applications, I completely sympathise with clients who approach us completely baffled by what approach to take. 

You can search for jobs listed here: https://www.careers.vic.gov.au/

The VPS, unlike Tas Gov, has a separate page dedicated to outlining how applications should be made.

Similarly, there is little consistency in whether a document should be uploaded or whether responses must be copied and pasted straight into the website. There are no page limits on resumes, unless otherwise stated for a specific role.

The information listed on the VPS website for how to apply is listed here. https://careers.vic.gov.au/how-to-apply

To save you the time, from the follow through link for Preparing your application , it states:

“ Response to key selection criteria

The key selection criteria lists the most important qualities you need to do the job. The criteria will specify things like personal values, knowledge, skills and experience. Here’s how to prepare a response to the selection criteria:

• Create a separate document with a main heading ‘Key selection criteria’.
• Copy all of the selection criteria from the position description and paste under the heading.
• Format each criteria item in bold.
• Write a short statement (60 to 120 words) under each criteria item with examples of how you meet the criteria.”

It’s not true for all roles. Some roles want a cover letter addressing the selection criteria, and some will state that they want responses capped at 300 words. So, while the VPS How to apply guide is there, and it exists, I would to a degree actually ignore that unless the application has no directions contained therein.

Here’s an example of where it contradicts itself as listed on a job for the Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning. You can find these directions listed at the bottom of each job listing.

The application wants a cover letter and a resume – not 60-120 word responses as per what the VPS How to Apply page dictates.

NSW Government

We like the NSW Government. The NSW Government are clear. We are generally pleased to take on jobs for applications for the NSW Government. You can search for jobs listed here: https://iworkfor.nsw.gov.au/

The information on how to apply for roles is listed here: https://iworkfor.nsw.gov.au/how-to-apply

There is however still some ambiguity.

In the About the application section of the above link, it states that “An application usually consists of the following:

• cover letter
• short statement against one or two targeted questions.”

This is not always the case.

But, the position descriptions are very clear here and you will know what to do.

The How to apply page also clearly states that “A good cover letter is:

• concise and logically written (no more than 1 to 2 pages in length)
• tailored to the job you are applying for
• specific about the work you have done or managed previously.”

And, “ Your Resume

Your resume – also known as curriculum vitae or CV – is a summary of your qualifications, experience, skills and qualities. A resume needs to be clear, concise and neatly organised with content relevant to the role you are applying for.

Your resume should include:

• education, qualifications and details of any courses or areas of focus that might be relevant to the role.
• experience, paid and volunteer, with most recent experience first. For each job, include the role title, name and location of employer, and dates of employment. Briefly describe your role responsibilities for each job using dot points or a brief paragraph.
• special skills, computer skills, achievements, and membership in organisations.
• names of referees.”

This page previously stated that resumes should be five pages and under .

This is also still reflected in some position descriptions where this is specifically outlined. It is a good measure to adhere to—keep it under five pages for NSW Government, and generally, a five page resume is pushing the limit anyway.

Some roles will take you to the departmental website, and some will not.

Here’s an example of the directions for one presently listed role on the NSW Government website:

Australian Capital Territory - ACT Government

The ACT Government list all of their available jobs here: https://www.jobs.act.gov.au/opportunities/all

Their selection criteria will generally ask one of three things: a word limited response to roughly six selection criteria, a page limited response to the selection criteria, or a straight out and out, old-school selection criteria. It is very much department to department.

The ACT Government have some vague directions available here for general ACT public service applications: https://www.jobs.act.gov.au/how-we-hire/submit-your-application

But, each department also have their personal preferences for applications, and some departments have a dedicated page detailing how you should apply, and some do not.

For these application, read very carefully the job listing and follow through on all the links it asks you to.

ACT Government applications can be tricky in determining what is required.

Here’s a couple of examples of currently listed jobs and the directions included:

And then, different again:

Queensland - Queensland Government , QLD Gov

No consistency, zilch, zippity. 

You can search for available jobs here: https://smartjobs.qld.gov.au/jobtools/jncustomsearch.jobsearch?in_organid=14904

It is very much department to department as to what is required. 

There is a page dedicated with quite broad information on how to apply listed here: https://www.qld.gov.au/jobs/finding/resume

Similarly to the ACT Government, there are also separate ‘How to apply’ pages for each department.

Some applications will ask you to submit a cover letter, selection criteria and resume, some will ask for a one page pitch, some will ask for two page expression of interest, some will ask for a two page selection criteria. 

With these applications, you need to determine what is uniquely required based on what is listed at the bottom of each job listing. 

Here’s an example.

There is nothing detailed on page limited resumes, and cover letters, where these are not the selection criteria responses contained therein, must be limited to one page.

Northern Territory - Northern Territory Government, NT Gov

I both love and despise these applications.

On the one hand, I know what to expect every time. On the other hand, they are always very challenging. You can find their available jobs listed here: https://jobs.nt.gov.au/Home/Search

The NT Gov jobs require a one-page statement for each and every single role.

The position descriptions are almost always in one page, and contain a high number of selection criteria questions. The challenge with these applications is selecting examples which cover off on a number of these questions.

All guidance for these jobs is listed on the job search page of the NT Gov website.

With standard margins, default font and 11-point font size, you have 750 words to work with and often nine selection criteria questions to answer.

Keep resumes down to a sensible page size and ensure that every word counts.

Western Australia - Western Australia Government, WA Gov

Where do I begin with WA Gov?

WA Gov and QLD Gov can be lumped together as two states with possibly the most confusing application requirements. 

I’ll give credit where credit is due, however; at least QLD Gov jobs all close at midnight.

You can find WA Gov jobs listed here:

https://jobs.wa.gov.au/

There are a lot of variables in WA Government, and most of these come down to the fact that each department has their own requirements for applications. 

Without expanding this article into a 72-page document, my advice on applying for WA Government is this:

• Find the job you want to apply for
• Scroll down to the first page to the How to Apply section
• Go to the department’s website and check whether there are any specific instructions for their applicants regarding cover letters, resume page length and font size. This is important
• Contact the Contact Officer if you are still confused, or even if you are not, do that anyway. They are likely to tell you to do something else entirely.

It is not that the WA Government are inherently organised—if anything they are extremely organised, but each application can be thought of as existing within the silo of that department.

Yes, you are on the WA Gov jobs website. No, these jobs have nothing in common with each other.

You may have to upload responses or copy and paste these. It is variable.

Because we are also so used to jobs closing at 11.59PM on the closing date, check that closing date.

Some WA Government jobs, such as the Department of Education, close at 4PM WST. Some close at 5PM WST. Some close at midnight.

Here is some of the information listed on how to apply, and it’s still quite vague:

https://jobs.wa.gov.au/tips-using-search

South Australia - South Australian Government, SA Gov

Each state government has its own website, and some are better than others.

I find the SA Gov jobs website particularly difficult as a user interface.

You can check it out here: https://iworkfor.sa.gov.au/page.php?pageID=842&windowUID=0#report

Some job links will take you to department websites. Some will go through the SA Gov website.

SA Gov application guidelines are ambiguous at best. There’s a few examples below of different directions from different roles presently listed.

Keep a beady eye on the time the role closes—the majority close at around 11.45PM, and some close at 5PM or 4PM.

Consistencies across all states:

• They all want you to use STAR
• They all want you to get the point quickly
• Long documents are likely going to harm your application
• All jobs close towards the end of the day listed as the closing date, but beware of the time listed
• Digital applications are preferred
• You should call the Contact Officer
• Each department have their own way of doing things
• All application forms should be previewed, or where this is not possible, create an account and jump ahead to ensure you are ready

I hope this has helped to clear up how applying for each state government works as opposed to the other. 

Be diligent, and never assume there will be the same directions for each job.

Want to learn more? You might find these useful:

How to write selection criteria – everything you need to know

Two page cover letters addressing the statement of duties

How to use STAR in selection criteria

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As the Director of Government Resumes, Monique plays an integral role as a Senior Résumé Writer, Career Coach, Speaker, and Workshop Facilitator. With extensive experience in résumé writing and the recruitment industry, Monique has been supporting clients in advancing their careers since 1995. Alongside her capable team at Government Resumes, Monique has helped clients secure interviews and job offers throughout Australia, achieving an impressive success rate of 98.5%.

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Writing a resume in Australia (CV) – Guide and templates

Are you planning a trip Down Under, and want to find a job while you’re over here? The first step to working in Australia is creating a great CV – but did you know that Australian CVs are quite different to English or American ones? Navigating the Australian job market can be challenging, especially for those new to the country. This guide provides you with essential tips and templates to craft a resume that stands out in the Australian job market.

Table of Contents

Tailoring your Resume for different Job types

As for all countries, a CV is an essential part of the job search in Australia. However, depending on the types of jobs you want to do in the country, your CV will be different. Do you see yourself working short-term on a farm, in a casual hospitality job, or in a long-term job in a city in your specific field? The steps for finding a job will vary depending on what you’re looking for. Now get creating the perfect CV to land you your dream job !

Do you need a resume for a farm job?

A resume is not always necessary to work in Australia . They won’t always ask you for one for farm jobs like fruit picking . If you are looking for a job on a farm, emailing a farmer your CV will often be a waste of time. It is better to go directly to the farms and speak with the owners or even call them and ask them if they are hiring. Independent farmers will usually not ask you for a CV in person but we still advise you to have one ready, for example if you have to apply online (this happens for some large companies).

CV for a long-term job

If you are looking for a long-term or stable job with a small or larger company, having a well-written CV that follows Australian criteria will be essential , especially for any job that requires experience or qualifications. Highlight specific professional skills, career progression, and significant achievements.

CV for a casual job

If you are looking for a more casual or temporary job in a supermarket or in catering, your CV will mainly serve to prove that you have a basic knowledge of English . It is also an excellent way to meet managers directly by handing in your CV. Focus on flexibility, customer service skills, and quick learning ability.

Since January 2024,  working holiday visa makers  can work for the same employer in Australia for more than 6 months without asking permission to the government if your work is: – in different locations and work in any one location does not exceed 6 months – in plant and animal cultivation anywhere in Australia – in certain industries (aged care and disability services, fishing and pearling, tree farming and felling, construction and mining, in northern Australia only) – natural disaster recovery work – in critical sectors, including agriculture, food processing, health, aged and disability care and childcare, anywhere in Australia – in the critical sector of tourism and hospitality anywhere in Australia.  For any other situations not covered above, you must ask for permission to work longer than 6 months with one employer.

Certificates and trainings required to work in Australia

To work in certain industries in Australia, you will need to complete vocational training and obtain a certificate.

The most well-known certificates are:

• the RSA (Responsible Service of Alcohol): mandatory to work in an establishment where alcohol is served.
• the White Card : mandatory for all building trades, such as construction
• the RSG/RCG : mandatory to work in gambling establishments, such as casinos and game rooms.
• Barista : If you want to work in a coffee shop like Starbucks, MacCoffees or Gloria Jeans Coffee, you will need this training.

Showing on your CV that you have the certificates required will be a real asset when job hunting.

Save money on your RSA in Australia

Pay less for your RSA course (Responsible Service of Alcohol). With this certificate, you will be allowed to work in all places where alcohol is served or sold.

Download your free Australian resume templates

Download our customizable resume templates designed for the Australian job market. These templates cater to different job types and highlight the structure and content that employers expect.

👨‍🍳 CV template for working in hospitality in Australia

👨‍💼 cv template for working in marketing in australia.

Tip : For emailing your Australian resume, save the file in PDF format. This will prevent the layout from changing depending on different computers/operating systems.

Understanding Australian Resume Standards

Length of your resume.

First of all, you should know that an resume in Australia is often longer and more detailed than you might be used to. Resumes in Western Europe are usually kept to two pages, whereas an Australian resume can easily go up to five or even seven pages for a specialised job. So don’t hesitate to be specific about your experience and personal qualities.

You will also need to adapt your CV to the position you are applying for! This may seem logical, but consider presenting your experience differently depending on the job you are applying for. Some tasks, responsibilities or skills will be more relevant than others.

Of course, there are exceptions to this rule! To work in the hospitality industry as a waiter or dishwasher, for example, it is advisable to opt for a shorter CV comprising 1 or 2 pages to make it easier to read quickly. (This does not apply if you are aiming for, for example, a management position in a large hotel!) Also remember to indicate the Australian certificates that are necessary mandatory for the job, such as your RSA .

Resume in Australia: Photo or no photo?

It is not generally recommended to include a photo on your Australian CV. You should also avoid including your age or date of birth as there are age discrimination laws in Australia.

However, make sure to add a section for references . You will need to include the names and contacts of previous employers who would be happy to recommend you to a new employer. Choose people who speak English and with whom you have had a good relationship.

Key Sections of an Australian Resume

Here are the different sections that must appear on your Australian resume. The order of the sections is up to you . For instance, if you have little professional experience but have completed a course or degree related to the job you’re applying for, put the “Education” section before “Work Experience”. If you are looking for a job in catering, making the “Skills” section (including your RSA) appear before your work experience could be a good idea. As a general rule, start with your most recent experience.

1 – Personal Details

Make sure to include your:

• Local Australian address*
• Australian phone number
• Professional email address
• Optional : your   LinkedIn  profile (highly appreciated in Australia for certain types of jobs).

* The majority of employers prefer to hire workers already in Australia. So put down a local address, even if it is a backpackers hostel!

Reminder: It’s not necessary to include details like your date of birth, marital status, or photo, as these could lead to unconscious bias.

 2 –  Introduction: Quick presentation of yourself and what you are looking for

Describe your professional motivation in two or three sentences. What you are looking for in a job, and why your qualities make you the right person for this specific job . Remember to specify your availability (eg. Available from January 7th 2024). This is a very short, but very important part of your resume – it’s like a mini cover letter. The idea is that your potential employer will glance at it and makes a decision on whether he or she is interested in reading the rest of your resume in a split-second.

This part can be short if you are looking for a temporary or holiday job. For example to find a job in service, you can write “I am a UK traveler on a Working Holiday Visa and I am looking for a position as a waitress in Brisbane. I have my RSA certificate and I am available to start asap.” You can also decide to say more about yourself if you wish or to highlight your skills more.

The Australian resume is typically more comprehensive than in some other countries. It’s not just about listing your experience; it’s about presenting yourself as the ideal candidate for the job.

3 – Work Experience: “Employment history”

Provide a detailed description of the jobs you have done in the past. This includes your tasks and the responsibilities you had within the company . Highlight what you contributed to the company of your previous employers (e.g. if you worked at a bar and set up a Facebook page for them). Employers like to see that you show initiative.

As a traveller, we often want to get away from the work we did at home and try something new. If this applies to you, emphasise what you did in the past that could be an asset for this new job . For instance, if you are applying for a receptionist position, specify that you have experience hosting clients at another company.

Specify the name of the business and its industry , the start and end dates of your contract , your previous job titles , and the city and country where you worked.

Put your previous work experience in reverse chronological order , with your most recent job on the top. If you have had many different jobs in the past, only include those related to the job which you are applying for.

4 – Training and education: “Education and training”

List your education in reverse chronological order. This section should include both your degree and any professional training you have obtained such as internships, apprenticeships. For each point specify the name of the educational course, dates, school/ institution, city and country of graduation .

The Australian school system may differ from your home countries. In principle, it is built up as follows:

• High school degree;
• Bachelor’s degree;
• Advanced diploma ou Higher national certificate;
• Master’s degree;
• PhD (Doctorate).

5 – “Skills and strengths”

Highlight both hard and soft skills relevant to the job you’re applying for. Mention any certifications , languages, or technical skills .

• For a job in graphic design , specify your computer skills in a ‘computer skills’ sub-section and your soft skills in a ‘personal qualities’ section (e.g. your creativity and adaptability);
• To work in hospitality , emphasise your ability to work as part of a team, your organisational and interpersonal skills.

Specify the different languages you speak and your level of competency (e.g. native, intermediate, beginner). You can also add other diplomas and certificates here, such as the RSA , White Card , and Driver’s license.

This section is very important when looking for a job in Australia. If you are not a native English speaker, any potential employer will want to know whether your English is good enough for the job you’re applying for. Also, considering that for many jobs you are required to drive, it is important to mention whether you have a driver’s license or not.

6 – Hobbies: “Hobbies and interests”

Do not neglect this part of your CV, but do not list all your hobbies either! In fact, your activities, passions and commitments will allow your future employer to better understand you. Highlight the activities you do outside the professional sphere. Whether practising yoga, being a soccer captain or even participating in community activities, these elements reflect your personality and your qualities.

Volunteer Experience/Extra-curricular Activities: Especially for those with limited work experience, such activities can demonstrate your skills and commitment.

7 – References: “Referees”

Here you include the names of people you worked with in the past and their contact details . Make sure to check with them that they agree to be listed as a contact before adding them to this list. Your future employer will probably contact them to find out more about you and the way you work, so you want to only add people that will have something positive to say. If you are not comfortable giving this information at first, just add their names and state ‘Contact details available on request’ . This will also give you the opportunity to inform your contacts that they may get a call!

Get discounts on your White Card course

Take advantage of our special offers to get your White Card and work in the construction industry.

Tips & tricks for a great Australian Resume

Put australian contact details.

Once your resume is in an Australian format, you should update your phone number and address as soon as possible.

Australian employers are much more likely hire candidates who are already in Australia.  Those who have an Australian address and phone number will have a head start.

If you do not have an address in Australia, as many travellers do not, you can add the address of your hostel or a local post office. You will always be contacted by phone or mail, so it does not make a difference.

Add a title to your Resume

The CV title will allow the employer to quickly identify which position you are applying for. Write the position offered in the title of your resume. For example: – Barista Position – Waiter Position – Manager Position – Farm Hand.

Tailor your resume to the job

In fact, depending on the job for which you are applying, your experiences, degrees, passions, etc. must be revised to be in line with the job. Your CV must be targeted ! Don’t include information that doesn’t add value or is not relevant to the job you’re applying for.

For example, if you are looking for a job in construction but do not have the experience, highlight your DIY skills, your personal DIY-related experiences. If you are looking for a sales job and have never had one before, highlight your past customer relationships as a waitress or in admin.

Digital Literacy

In today’s job market, being tech-savvy is a must. Include your proficiency in software like Microsoft Office, digital marketing tools, or any industry-specific software.

Visual Appeal and Readability

As for the layout and the visual aspect of your CV, a word of advice: go for the simplest option . Avoid overly extravagant colours and layouts. The content is much more important than the format. Australians prefer a clean and clear CV. Use a professional and readable font . Keep the size consistent, usually between 10 and 12 points.

There are many free tools online to help you create your Australian resume. Many platforms offer simple and beautiful CV templates. You can fill them out free online then download them. CVDesignR and Canva are good options.

Ensure your resume is clearly laid out , with headings and bullet points to facilitate easy reading. Avoid large blocks of text.

Print your resume

Make sure to print quite a few resumes (20-30) to hand in to places in person . You will probably want to modify your CV as time goes on, so it does not make sense to print many more. In most cities, you will find a store called  Office Works . They offer attractive rates for printing (from $0.08 per copy). Otherwise, you have the option to go to your local library . The problem with this is that sometimes it is necessary to buy a card to recharge with a minimum amount in dollars, so you end up paying more.

Do not print too many copies at once. You may not distribute them all, or you may want or need to make some changes to it over time to bring it up to date.

If you want to print a few copies, between 1 and 3, ask to have your prints done at your youth hostel, at a travel agency for backpackers or at a shop that does photo development. It will cost you less.

Hand out your resume personally

Try to walk around and hand out your CV directly to employers if you are searching for work in restaurants, bars, shops etc. Do not hesitate to ask to speak to the manager – this will allow you to meet your potential future employer and make more of an impression. First impressions are important. Wear clean and professional clothes. Avoid applying in a restaurant dressed in shorts, flip-flops etc. Sometimes handing your CV to a manager can turn into a job interview on the spot , so be prepared.

• Use Australian English spelling .
• Typos and grammatical errors . Proofread your resume multiple times or have someone else review it.
• If you’re from overseas, clarify your work rights in Australia.
• Be honest. Australian employers value integrity and straightforwardness.

Your resume is your ticket to the Australian job market. Use this guide to showcase your skills and experiences effectively. Remember, a well-crafted resume opens doors to exciting career opportunities in Australia.

RELATED ARTICLES MORE FROM AUTHOR

Obtaining a White Card for Construction Work in Australia

Get your RSA Certificate in NSW in 2024

Get your RSG in Australia – Info and discount (2024)

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Government Resumes

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Need an ATS optimised government resume?

Our professional government resume writing service combines the expertise and talents of our writers with the latest recruitment tools. Once we understand your career history and future ambitions, we will write up a resume/CV that is suited to your needs.

We will ensure that your resume/CV achieves an Applicant Tracking System (ATS) score of at least 92%, including strict structural and keyword requirements for your profession.

Our professional government resumes stand out

Many government professionals mistake a fancy looking template for a resume that is attractive to employers. The truth is, these resumes tend to confuse Applicant Tracking Systems (ATS) and lower the chance of them being read by a hiring manager.

This doesn’t mean your resume has to look like a black and white template from Word 97, but there are strict criteria that must be adhered to. Our team will ensure that your resume meets these criteria while writing content that aligns with your profession and level of experience.

We are a 100% Australian based business

Custom tailored government resumes for entry-level to senior executive roles, our clients often land high-level government roles, our clients by industry.

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How do we ensure your documents are ats optimised.

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We have worked with a range of government professionals.

Our government client base is diverse, so it’s important that we understand the unique requirements for each professional. On a weekly basis, we work with fresh university graduates looking for their first professional role, as well as senior executives wanting to transition into a higher leadership position. We have extensive and proven experience helping a range of professionals express their best selves and stand out in a competitive market.

We view the relationships with our clients as ongoing. Whether your job ends unexpectedly, or you come across a dream opportunity, we will give you the best chance of achieving your career goals.

Australian optimised government resumes

As a government Australian resume writing service, we know exactly what local employers and recruiters are looking for. Our ATS optimised resumes have a proven track record of landing our clients interviews and roles through targeted keywords and proper modern formatting.

Don’t make the mistake of using a fancy resume template that you assume will grab a Hiring Manager’s attention. We can almost guarantee that it will not, as a resume’s ATS optimisation and content is far more important. Given our team come from HR backgrounds, we are in constant contact with our professional counterparts at the big HR firms and keep up with the latest trends and expectations.

You may be surprised to know that many HR professionals still prefer standard black and white resumes/CVs. That is not to say that presentation is not important, and that you have to use black and white templates. It is just that content quality and ATS optimisation should be your main focus. Make sure you are not fooled into using tables or photos on your resume. Our service promises ATS optimised resumes written by CPRW certified resume writers, along with the backing of advanced resume analysis tools to ensure you stand out.

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Australian Resume - Guide & Formatting Tips [Free Templates!]

Every country has its own work culture and that means specific requirements when it comes to resumes and CVs. 

And Australia is no different.

If you’re doing some Aussie job-searching (or planning to do so), you probably have a few questions:

What do “resume” and “CV” refer to in Australia? Are there any formatting rules you should be aware of? How long does the resume have to be? Should you include your photo? 

Well, you’re in the right place.

We’re here to answer those questions and more!

In this article, you’re going to find everything you need to know about Australian resumes and how to prepare one.

What Makes Australian Resumes Different

• Typical Australian Resume Sections

3 Free Australian Resume Templates

How to make a convincing resume - further readings.

Let’s get to it!

We recommend creating your Australian resume in parallel with reading this guide. Just pick a template that you like, and get started.

Not sure where to look for a job in Australia? SEEK and CareerOne are some of the most popular job boards in the country.

Although it might appear similar to the U.S. resume format at first glance, the Australian resume differs in some details that if missed, might very well ruin your chances of getting a call-back. 

Don’t worry though, we’re going to cover all of those details starting with the elephant in the room:

#1. Australian Resume vs CV

Unlike the U.S., in Australia, the terms “resume” and “CV” are used to refer to the same document . You will most likely come across “resume” more often, but if not, know that the terms are synonymous with each other. 

#2. How long should an Australian resume be?

In the U.S., a resume should typically be one page . 

An Australian resume, however, should definitely be more than one page. If you are a professional, three to four pages are what’s expected. If you are a recent graduate or don’t have much experience in the field, two pages will be enough . 

Don’t forget to be to-the-point, though. Even though you have the freedom to present yourself with a lengthy resume, you shouldn’t get into unnecessary details.

If you have a lot of years of experience, you shouldn’t go more than 10 years back in your resume. If there are any earlier work experiences that you particularly want to mention, you can add a “other professional experience” section and briefly mention it there. You can also end the section with “Full resume available upon request.”

#3. Are there any language expectations for Australian resumes?

As a matter of fact, there are. If you're applying for a job in Australia you need to make sure that your resume is written in correct Australian english. 

#4. Do you include a photo in an Australian resume?

Unless you’re applying for a job that is related to your appearance (modeling or acting), it’s best to not include a photo in your resume. If the company wants you to include one, they will usually specify it beforehand. 

There are some countries, like Belgium, France, and Germany, where you should include a photo in your resume . This rule, however, doesn’t apply to Australia.

#5. What personal information should you include in an Australian resume?

Just like your photo, personal information can make you vulnerable to profiling based on gender, race, age, or appearance. To avoid that, provide only the necessary contact information like name, address, phone number, and email address. 

It’s actually illegal for employers in Australia to ask you for information like age, marital status, religion, sexual preference, or nationality.

6 Typical Australian Resume Sections

Now that we’ve gone over what makes an Australian resume different, let’s focus on its layout and format. 

An Australian resume typically has the following sections:

Resume Objective/Summary

Although it isn’t mandatory, it is recommended for you to include a resume objective or summary.

A resume objective (or career objective) states your goals for employment and what you aim for in your career. It’s 1-2 sentences and is great for recent graduates or people who are changing careers. 

• Recent computer science graduate seeking a full-time position as a programmer. Strong knowledge of object-oriented programming and application development tools.

A resume summary (or career summary) highlights your professional experience and gives the employer a glimpse of your skills before reading about them further in your resume. It’s between 3-5 sentences and is great for job seekers with years of experience. 

• Driven programmer with 8+ years of experience developing and maintaining enterprise software applications. Helped design and develop 3 successful applications over the past 5 years.

Work Experience

Your work experience should be displayed in a reverse-chronological order . With each entry, you should provide the start and end date along with a brief description of your experience, your responsibilities, and your achievements. 

When possible, quantify your achievements and responsibilities. This shows the recruiter how you stand out from the rest of the applicants: 

Marketing Manager

Achievements/Tasks

• Launched social media campaigns for the company
• Managed a large team

07/2018 - Present

Achievements

• Developed and launched promotional campaigns that increased sales revenue by 12%
• Trained and managed over 15 marketing and sales specialists, making sure sales targets were always met. 

If there are any gaps in your employment history, you should account for them as well if possible. Chances are, your interviewer will ask you about it anyway. 

If you have work experience in a large company/institution in your country that an Australian recruiter might not be familiar with, you should provide some information on your employer as well. 

For example, if you have worked as a sales manager for one of the largest toy companies in your country, don’t be hesitant to provide that information. By simply stating the name of the company you risk downplaying your experience if the recruiter isn’t familiar with the company.  

Your education history should also be displayed in reverse-chronological order. Each entry should consist of the name of the institution, date attended, your major/minor/specialization, and any related honors or awards. 

BA in Economics

Bentley University

07/2017 - 05/2021

• Dean’s List 2019, 2020, 2021
• Member of the Investment Club

A simple list of skills and strengths will provide the employer with a quick snapshot of what you have to offer and what you excel at. In general, it’s best to focus on hard skills, but if you will be listing any soft skills like “leadership” or “critical thinking”, make sure you can back them up with experiences. 

Volunteer Experience

If you have any volunteer experience , it’s important to note it on your resume. Hiring managers appreciate it. 

Often, volunteer experience can count as work experience too. Especially if it matches with a period of time you were not employed and if it is related to your profession. In that case, you can even include it in the “work experience” section. 

The name, position, and phone number of your referee/s will be enough. Most recruiters contact references after the interview process anyway.

If you want to create a resume that stands out, you’ll need to use a good-looking template.

#1. College/University Resume Template

As a student or recent graduate, you want your resume to highlight your education and emphasize your skills. This is exactly what the College resume format does. 

It has a simple and organized format that is easy to skim and has a nice aesthetic. 

#2. Professional Resume Template

Approved by various recruiters and one of our all-time favorite templates, the Professional template can adapt to all fields. 

It highlights your work experience and makes all information easy to find for the recruiter. 

#3. Creative Resume Template

If you have a career in marketing, design, advertising, or other creative fields, this is the perfect template for you. 

The Creative resume template is compact and organized but has some details that add to it a unique touch, fit for the industry you are in. 

At this point, we’ve got you all covered on Australian resumes, what they look like, and how they differ from resumes in other countries.

However, there’s always room for improving and perfecting your resume and job-searching process. 

Check out some of our top resources on job-search, resumes, and the interviewing process and be on top of your game in all steps:

• The No-Nonsense Guide to Finding a Great Aussie Job in 2024 - This guide is as good as it sounds. You’ll find all you need to know about the job-finding process in Australia.
• How to Write a Resume | Professional Guide - Everything you need to know about how to make a resume, from layout to content.
• How to Write a CV (Curriculum Vitae) in 2024 - The A to Z guide to the perfect CV that will land you that interview.
• 35+ Common Interview Questions and Answers [Complete List] - Leave nothing to chance and ace that interview by learning how to answer these unavoidable questions.
• How to Ace Interviews with the STAR Method - The key to giving a good answer to every single behavioral job interview question.

Looking for more? Head over to our career blog and find all the information you need.

Key Takeaways

The differences of an Australian resume may be subtle, but if you don’t pay attention to them, you probably aren’t getting any callbacks. 

To avoid that, when preparing your Australian resume remember:

• In Australia, “resume” and “CV” refer to the same document.
• You can and MUST go longer than one page. 3-5 pages is ideal, but 2 pages can be acceptable if you don't have a lot of experience.
• Your resume has to be written using correct Australian English so always double-check that your spelling is right
• It is highly recommended to include an attention grabbing-resume objective or summary that will make the recruiter intrigued to read further

And that’s a wrap! 

Good luck and wish you a successful job-search!

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South Australia’s 2024-2025 General Skilled Migration program is now open

South Australia’s state nominated skilled migration program for 2024-2025 is now open and South Australia’s Skilled Occupation List is available to view.

Onshore streams

Eligible onshore applicants who meet requirements can now submit a Registration of Interest (ROI).  

464 occupations are available for the onshore streams. ROIs will be reviewed throughout the year and successful applicants will receive an invitation to apply for state nomination through one of the following streams:

• Skilled Employment in South Australia stream – for applicants who have shown commitment to South Australia and have South Australian work experience in their skilled occupation. 
• South Australian Graduates stream – South Australia continues to retain those who have studied and work here in SA in their skilled occupation. 
• Outer Regional Skilled Employment stream – supporting the regions to address skills shortages in outer regional areas of South Australia, applicants working in the regions in their nominated or closely related occupation can apply through this stream. 

Offshore stream

Prospective migrants residing offshore with skills in high demand in South Australia will be considered from their SkillSelect Expression of Interest (EOI) and if successful, they will be invited to apply for South Australian nomination. 

427 occupations are open to experienced overseas workers through this stream. 

South Australia anticipates that offshore invitation rounds will occur regularly throughout the program year – commencing at program opening and then at the end of each month from September 2024. Interested applicants should ensure that their EOI is current and up to date and that they have selected South Australia as the primary state of interest. 

Business Innovation and Investment Program

South Australia is not open to applications for state nomination for the Business Innovation and Investment (Provisional) visa (subclass 188). 

Business or investor migrants who already hold a provisional visa (subclass 188) can apply for nomination for the extension stream or permanent visa (subclass 888) if they meet the requirements. 

Employer Sponsored Programs 

South Australia supports local employers who are unable to fill vacancies from the local labour market through a range of employer sponsored programs. View our website for more information on these programs. 

Application fees

The application fees to apply for South Australian nomination in 2024–25 are published on our Application Fees page. Submitting a Registration of Interest will not incur a fee.   

If you are interested in hearing more about a potential move to South Australia, register for an online webinar where you will learn more about: 

• changes for the 2024/25 program year 
• state nomination invitation rounds 
• priority occupations and industry sectors in South Australia 
• hints and tips about the migration process 
• working and thriving in one of the most liveable places on the planet.

Date: Tuesday 20 August 

Click here for more details and to register.   After registering you will receive an email confirmation immediately, and a link to access the webinar will be sent the day before.  

Thank you for your continued interest in South Australia’s skilled migration program.

Please ensure you are subscribed to the  latest NEWS to keep up to date with new announcements. 

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Rio Tinto and Queensland strike huge aluminium rescue pact

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Rio Tinto’s Boyne aluminium smelter would stay open until at least 2040 under a preliminary deal with the Queensland government, which could require taxpayers to spend hundreds of millions of dollars protecting 1000 jobs at the site.

Queensland Premier Steven Miles announced the agreement at the smelter near Gladstone on Thursday, in a major step towards securing the future of the manufacturing site with a big carbon footprint and marginal financial performance.

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Bangladesh protests leave bloody memories for the families of those killed

A blood-stained identification card is the last memory Mir Mahmudur Rahman has left of his younger brother.

"We didn't clean it yet, we want to keep it like this forever," Mr Rahman, who goes by Dipto, told the ABC from his home in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Warning: This story contains content that may distress some readers.

His brother, 25-year-old MBA student Mir Mahfuzur Rahman, who was known fondly as Mughdo, was wearing the card around his neck when he was shot in the head two weeks ago.

"My mother fainted … and after seeing him I couldn't [say] anything, I just had to cry," Dipto said.

Mughdo was killed during one of the deadliest uprisings Bangladesh has seen in years.

Killed while helping protesters

Frustrated by shortages of stable jobs, students across the country have been demanding an end to a quota system that reserved 30 per cent of government jobs for relatives of veterans who fought in Bangladesh's war of independence in 1971.

Protesters wanted to abolish this system, which they said was discriminatory and benefited supporters of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina's Awami League Party, which led the independence movement.

They want it replaced with a merit-based system.

As the protests spread, mobile internet was cut, a curfew was imposed across the country, and the army and police were deployed.

Violence followed clashes between thousands of anti-quota demonstrators and members of the student wing of the Awami League.

Mughdo's family said he was not directly involved in the protests, but would attend them to give out water and biscuits to help students.

"My father warned him, if it turns [political], don't go there. But if you want to help the people, you can help the people," Dipto said.

Dipto said a bullet went through his brother's right ear on July 18, while he was resting on the side of a road during a demonstration.

Government, opposition blame each other

This is the biggest challenge Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina has faced since she won an historic fifth term in power in January.

Those elections were boycotted by the main opposition Bangladesh Nationalist Party and were also marred by deadly protests.

Last month, Bangladesh's Supreme Court scrapped most of the quotas and ordered 93 per cent of the government jobs to be allocated on merit.

But the protests have continued, now reflecting broader frustrations about the economy, corruption and the authoritarian turn under Ms Hasina's government.

Many – including Bangladesh's opposition parties — have accused the government of state-sponsored violence.

"We saw indiscriminate firing, security forces used lethal bullets, they also used various weapons from helicopters on ordinary unarmed protesters," Zonayed Saki, politician and chief co-ordinator of the Ganosamhati Andolan party told the ABC.

The government has denied the allegations and instead has blamed opposition parties for the deadly violence.

"At the very beginning there was no police, it was just managed by the people who were protesting for a short period of time, in a very disciplined manner," education minister Mohibul Hasan Chowdhury told the ABC.

"But then, things got out of control when the third force got involved.

"When a government feels that violent means are being used to overthrow the government, then they have to take firm action as would happen in any country."

Last week, UN human rights chief Volker Türk called on the Bangladesh government to disclose full details about the crackdown on protests amid growing accounts of "horrific" violence.

"Latest reports indicate that more than 170 people have been killed and over 1,000 injured, some of whom were denied medical care and many are missing following protests by students and youth movements against government policies," he said.

"The authorities must also provide guarantees of non-recurrence and an assurance there will be no reprisals against those involved in the protests."

Nearly 10,000 people have reportedly been detained on charges of involvement in clashes and destruction of government property.

Government accused of intimidating protesters

Despite the backing of international human rights organisations, many student leaders and victims' families approached by the ABC were fearful of speaking out against Ms Hasina's government.

Hospitals treating injured protesters are under heavy surveillance by police.

Law enforcement officers have also been conducting frequent block raids across Dhaka.

This is when large numbers of law enforcement agency personnel cordon off an area and position themselves at the exit points so no-one can leave.

They then conduct searches of houses and arrest people based on their intelligence.

The idea is to instil fear, said one journalist who did not want to be named.

Student leader Umama Fatehma, who has actively coordinated and campaigned in the ongoing protests, said she wouldn't be intimidated.

She has vowed to continue protesting for as long as it takes to get justice.

"We can't go back to university when our friends and fellows are in jail … and hundreds were killed in front of our eyes," she told the ABC.

Dipto said despite his brother's apolitical views, he was aware his involvement as a volunteer in the protests could become an issue.

"Till now, there is no pressure on me from the authority or anyone else, but it could be a problem in future," he said.

But he's not too worried.

"We didn't learn to fear anyone apart from our almighty Allah," he said.

"If we can survive by keeping our backbone straight — that's what I call life."

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