thesis paper on finance in bangladesh

Microfinance in Sustainable Development and Economic Growth in Bangladesh

• First Online: 22 February 2020

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• M. A. Baqui Khalily 2 , 3 , 4  

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The chapter addresses the role of microfinance in sustainable development and economic growth in Bangladesh. In Bangladesh, microfinance institutions (MFIs) have played a key role in financial inclusion. Due to the expanded outreach of the MFIs, around 43 percent of households have access to financial services. The credit market is uniquely divided between banks and MFIs. Banks are largely concentrated in the urban credit market, and MFIs are mostly concentrated in the rural credit market. Increase in microfinance outreach and loan size is expected to have an impact on poverty reduction and food security as well as economic growth. Analysis of the longitudinal Programmed Initiatives for Monga Eradication (PRIME) data from the north-western region of Bangladesh shows that microfinance complimented by non-financial services has contributed greatly toward increase in financial inclusion, improvement in food security and reduction in multi-dimensional poverty. In comparison to control households, multi-dimensional poverty decreased by 15 percentage points for the program participants. On the other hand, based on literature review and recent estimates of the macro impact of microfinance, it was shown that microfinance had contributed to GDP growth and even largely to real rural GDP growth in Bangladesh. Such macroeconomic impacts are results of the penetration of microfinance, increase in loans for micro enterprises, productive use of microcredit and increase in total factor productivity. However, it is concluded that, in future, macroeconomic impacts will increase further with the current growth of investment in micro and small enterprises and human capital development.

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Poverty Alleviation Through Financial Practices: The Importance of Microfinance

Microfinance as a Strategy to Curb the Global Recession

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development has a set of new Goals. The Goals suggest: (i) inclusive growth through inclusive finance; (ii) improved adaptation ability and resilience of the households in climate change related shocks; (iii) efficient use of maritime and land resources; (iv) community and integrated approach to sustainable development; (v) institutional development for a just, poverty-free and hunger-free sensitive society toward good governance and accountability of the participatory system; and (vi) redistribution of resources and development of micro and small enterprises.

The term ‘ monga’ refers to a state of extreme food insecurity. It is commonly associated with the greater Rangpur region where in the August–October period of every year, households experience monga . The word appears to be missing from the media in recent years because of the changing economic growth and development. Both macro and micro factors have contributed to such change. NGO-MFIs have played a key role in bringing the changes. Perhaps in 2006, the Rangpur region had the lowest microfinance penetration and now it has the highest rate of penetration. In Bangladesh, only 8 percent of households in the region could have three meals during monga time, and more than 40 percent struggle to have one meal a day. This has now changed. Therefore, Rangpur presents a case for understanding the role of microfinance in attaining SDGs.

It may be noted that in 2006, the greater Rangpur region had the lowest intensity of microfinance penetration in Bangladesh. Only 38 percent of the households had access to microfinance.

We have modified the dimensions of Alkire-Foster MPI. The Alkire-Foster MPI seems to consider that nobody is food poor, which is not true. A food poor can not graduate from multidimensional poverty. Therefore, we include ‘Food Poverty’ as another dimension. We considered that fewer items as used by Alkire-Foster will not capture any changes in deprivation in the intermediate term. As such, we have revised the items and our list includes 20 items.

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Baqui Khalily, M.A. (2020). Microfinance in Sustainable Development and Economic Growth in Bangladesh. In: Hossain, M. (eds) Bangladesh's Macroeconomic Policy. Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1244-5_16

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The Impact of Monetary Policy on Economic Growth in Bangladesh (1990-2018)

45 Pages Posted: 23 Jan 2023 Last revised: 14 Apr 2023

Farjana Sultana

University of International Business and Economics (UIBE)

Date Written: January 19, 2023

This thesis examines the impact of monetary policy on economic growth in Bangladesh for the period 1990-2018. The main purpose of the study is to find the relationship between monetary policy and economic growth, where money supply, interest rate, inflation, exchange rate remittance inflow, balance of payment has any effect in the GDP growth. In the model specified, Gross Domestic product (GDP) is dependent variable and money supply, Inflation rate, Interest rate, Exchange rate, Remittance inflow and the Balance of Payment are the independent variable. Here I use ordinary least square technique to evaluate my result by using software package R and use secondary data set. This study finds that broad money supply, interest rate and inflation have positive impact on economic growth. Increase in money supply in this time period positively affects the growth rate with stable inflation now Bangladesh maintain above 6% growth rate. Exchange rate also has positive impact on growth. Bangladesh Bank tries to follow manageable exchange rate system to balance growth. Other hand Bangladesh faces negative balance of payment in long time. It has profound effect on economic growth. Remittance inflow is one of the important parts of our economy, but recent time it decreases and it makes negative impact on GDP. In this situation if we and to maintain sustainable GDP growth we need effective monetary policy to prevent sudden financial shock.

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Managerial Finance

ISSN : 0307-4358

Article publication date: 16 October 2009

The purpose of this paper is to review the Bangladesh experience with microfinance popularly known as microcredit. The success of microfinance in Bangladesh has generated immense interest in other countries of the world. The paper emphasizes the role of autonomous national microfinance fund and analyzes the efficiency of microfinance delivery mechanisms in Bangladesh. The paper examines the new realities/challenges faced by the microfinance movement in Bangladesh.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper provides an overview of the evolution of microfinance institutions (MFIs), their coverage of borrowers and activities funded in Bangladesh. Results of some independent impact assessment studies have been presented. Data from various institutions of Bangladesh and from some surveys conducted in Bangladesh are used.

The paper shows how the concept of microfinance, the MFI and various modalities of delivery of financial services to the poor have contributed to the development efforts of Bangladesh where a large number of people live below the poverty line.

Research limitations/implications

The paper is based on data and information of a limited time period and covering some selected issues. Further studies may be carried out on second generation issues and problems based on more available data.

Practical implications

The paper brings out the implications of microfinance as an effective tool for development and poverty alleviation.

Originality/value

The paper points out the practical aspects to build up a robust and sustainable system for increasing the access of the poor to financial services.

• Financial institutions
• Empowerment

Ahmed, S. (2009), "Microfinance institutions in Bangladesh: achievements and challenges", Managerial Finance , Vol. 35 No. 12, pp. 999-1010. https://doi.org/10.1108/03074350911000052

Emerald Group Publishing Limited

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Financial inclusion, financial regulation, and education in bangladesh, share this page.

Education and financial literacy levels mainly determine financial inclusion.

Like in many other countries, inclusive finance for inclusive growth has become a policy issue in Bangladesh following the global financial crisis in 2008. Over the past 10 years, intensity of financial deepening and access to financial services has increased. Both banks and microfinance institutions have contributed to higher intensity. A recent study shows that around 40% of the adult population and 75% of households have access to financial services in Bangladesh. Several factors may have contributed. Proactive regulatory policies and expanded financial literacy are the major determinants. In this paper, regulatory policies have been evaluated and the effect of financial literacy on financial inclusion has been examined empirically. Our analysis suggests that the regulatory agencies in Bangladesh have formulated policies for promoting financial inclusion and creating investment opportunities for micro and small firms in particular. Our empirical evidence, based on household-level data, shows that the intensity of financial literacy in Bangladesh is moderate, and it has a positive impact on inclusive finance. These findings warrant more emphasis on increasing financial literacy for access to finance and informed investment decisions.

WORKING PAPER NO: 621

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Thesis Paper

Related Papers

ishrat khan

Md. Nahidul Islam

Banks usually provide dedicated public services for profits. It is believed that profit should not be earned at the expense of the world's most pressing environmental problems. Thus the concept of green banking is evolved in response to the global initiative to save environment. It is a kind of welfare banking for the society at large, it responses to be green in daily operations and financing of nature conservation projects. The present paper aims to highlight the green banking road map in Bangladesh and the status of its implementation. Further, an attempt has been made to explore activities of commercial banks in comparison with global green banking initiatives. The study utilized secondary data available from related websites, published reports and articles. The study concluded that Bangladesh is far behind their counterparts from the developed countries. But the general picture presents a transition to green banking in a consistent manner for most banks. By taking care of its infrastructure development and accelerating its existing green movements, banks can ensure sustainability for itself and greener world for communities.

International Journal of Business and …

Kashfia Ahmed

MASUKUJJAMAN MOHAMMAD

Tarikul Islam

Islami Bank Bangladesh Limited is the first Islami “Shariah” based commercial bank in Bangladesh. It was established in March 13, 1983 and started operation on March 30, 1983 under Banking Company Ordinance 1962. Currently it is one of the largest Private Commercial Bank and has 317 branches. In this report the Risk Management of Islami Bank Bangladesh Limited has been discussed. It gives an overview of Risk Management procedures and structures of Islami Bank Bangladesh Limited. Two regression analysis has been done. The first regression named Risk Disclosures, tests whether there is any relationship of Risk Disclosures with the independent variables. The independent variables are debt to equity ratio, return on equity, net investment income, value at risk, non-performing loan and capital adequacy ratio. The purpose is to see whether management discloses more or less depending on the condition of these variables. A second regression analysis tested the hypothesis that “Good Governance and Good Regulations give higher return”. Here Return on Equity (ROE) has been considered as proxy for Profitability, Number of Directors (NOD) as proxy for Governance and Net Profit Margin (NPM) as proxy for Regulations. NPM has been taken as proxy for Regulation because a good internal regulation ensures better return. Next in the compliance section a score has been given against the Bangladesh Bank risk management guidelines and given comments to calculate a total score. It checks how well the bank is following Bangladesh Bank Risk Management Guidelines. After that another score is given against the BSEC (Bangladesh Securities and Exchange Commission) disclosures and evaluated. Then Quantitative disclosures under Basel guidelines are checked and irregularities are presented. Also key trend in BASEL disclosures has been presented via graph to visualize the growth/decline and commented. BASEL based risk disclosures are explained. Finally past 9 year key financial ratios has been presented to assess the overall condition, which also help to describe the condition of the bank. At last recommendations are given to solve the problems and to do better where the bank is lacking. So the report is both qualitative and quantitative.

Azher Sakib

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Nobel Laureate Tapped to Lead Interim Government in Bangladesh

The new government was being formed a day after Bangladesh’s longtime leader, facing fierce protests, fled the country.

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By Saif Hasnat Shayeza Walid and Anupreeta Das

Saif Hasnat and Shayeza Walid reported from Dhaka, Bangladesh.

The president of Bangladesh on Tuesday appointed Muhammad Yunus , a pioneer in microfinance and a Nobel laureate, to oversee an interim government, accommodating demands by protesters and offering a reprieve for a country scarred by violence.

The plans for a new government were announced a day after Bangladesh’s authoritarian leader, Sheikh Hasina, resigned and fled the country amid a popular uprising.

Word of the Yunus appointment came from the main coordinator of the protests, Nahid Islam, who was among a group of people who met with President Mohammed Shahabuddin on Tuesday. Military officials also attended the meeting, though Mr. Yunus did not.

With the Bangladeshi Parliament dissolved, Mr. Yunus, 84, is expected to lead a temporary government for an uncertain period of time.

“We are forming a government in an extraordinary situation,” said Asif Nazrul, a law professor at the University of Dhaka who was also present at the meeting with the president. “The tenure of the government is yet to be finalized,” Mr. Nazrul said.

The other members of the interim government will be announced within the next few days, meeting attendees said.

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