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Obstetrics/Gynecology

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Doxorubicin plus Trabectedin in Leiomyosarcoma

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The Maternal Crossroad

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Stanford Medicine's Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology  research program lies at the nexus of what is current and what is possible for women’s health, seeking to answer the most human of questions. Our basic scientists navigate the complexities of reproductive endocrinology, stem cell biology, and ovarian cancer. Our translational researchers transform these discoveries into novel therapies for cancer therapy, and reproductive, perinatal, and regenerative medicine. Clinical community participation researchers investigate health outcomes across the lifespan and offer new treatment and research methodologies that allow women and sexual and gender minorities greater opportunity to take ownership of their health.

Our discoveries are driven by compassion and innovation, with a longstanding history of practice-changing breakthroughs in reproductive & stem cell biology and women’s health. We were among the first to pioneer embryo cryopreservation methodology and frozen blastocyst biopsy, affording new possibilities in fertility preservation and treatment . Our research teams have applied the use of pluripotent stem cells to novel treatments including smooth muscle cell regeneration, and developmental syndrome therapies. Our perinatologists were instrumental in the creation and application of Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing. Our Family Planning researchers have revolutionized the access and affordability of birth control options, working at a global scale.

We have the privilege of residing at the heart of Stanford University and Silicon Valley, affording us the capacity for unique research partnerships. We collaborate both within the School of Medicine and across the University. Our physician scientists are uniquely poised to work with industry leaders to transform women’s health. Our location and collaborators precipitate diverse ideas and provide access to diverse populations, ensuring research that is truly interdisciplinary and innovative. 

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Gynaecological cancer articles from across Nature Portfolio

Gynaecological cancers are tumours located in the female reproductive system, and they include ovarian, uterine (or endometrial), cervical, vulval and vaginal cancer.

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Scientific research in obstetrics and gynecology: changes in the trends over three decades

Gamal a kassem.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt

The aim of this work was to assess scientific research of master’s and doctoral theses and essays in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zagazig University, Egypt.

Materials and methods

All master’s and doctoral theses and essays since the foundation of Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zagazig University, Egypt, in 1975 till end of 2012 were reviewed.

A total of 703 theses and essays were reviewed. The important topics in the specialty of obstetrics and gynecology were covered and updated. Infertility, in vitro fertilization–embryo transfer (IVF-ET) and related techniques, and polycystic ovarian disease were the most common gynecologic topics (27.2%), followed by gynecologic oncology (18.5%). Preeclampsia was the most common obstetrics topic (18.8%), followed by issues of high-risk pregnancy, fetal growth restriction, and fetal well-being (11.6%). The number of researches that allow the candidates to learn skills was 183 and it was increased from 4.4% of all research in the period 1979–1988 to 33.2% in period 1989–2000 then slightly decreased to 31.2% in period 2001–2012. Ultrasonography was on the top and was present in 99 out of 183 (54.1%) followed by laparoscopy (30, 16.4%), hysteroscopy (25, 13.7%), IVF-ET and related techniques (16, 8.7%) and colposcopy (13, 7.1%) researches. Multi-disciplinary research was decreased by 61.7% in the period 2001–2012. Researches in academic fields were abandoned and in some clinically important areas like preeclampsia were decreased.

Scientific research of master’s and doctoral theses and essays was comprehensive, updated, and had some autonomy independent of plans. Research which enable the candidate to learn skills were increased on the expense of academic, clinical and multidisciplinary research. It could be recommended that plans for scientific research should be flexible and should leave a space for local departmental views. Proper training of residents during their rotation in these subspecialties may help to revive the lost interest in clinically important areas.

Introduction

Active participation or submission of a scientific research is an essential step in residency or scholarship programs. 1 Studies have noted that research improves analytical and communication skills of the candidates as well as lifelong learning. 2 It was also observed that residents interested in research and publications have greater academic success. 3 , 4

According to the rules of Supreme Council of Universities, Egypt, submitting a scientific research in the form of a thesis or an essay is one of the requirements to gain a master’s or doctoral degree. Selection of the topic of the research is related to many factors such as availability of cases, instruments, subspecialty, and personal view of the supervising professor. The interest of the candidate is also important. In 2013, discussions started within the faculty to develop a plan for scientific research for the next 5 years. There was a need to review all research to get an impression about previous work. The aim of this study was to assess scientific research of theses and essays accepted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zagazig University, since its foundation in 1975 till end of 2012.

This retrospective observational study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt, from January to March 2013.

All accepted theses and essays since the foundation of the department in 1975 till end of 2012 were reviewed. The review included title of research, year of acceptance, and supervision from another department. Methodology and skills that the candidate should learn, such as ultrasonography, endoscopy, in vitro fertilization–embryo transfer (IVF-ET), and colposcopy, were checked. Assessment also included the influence of establishment of new specialized units on scientific research. For the sake of convenience, the term “research” will be used to refer to essays and theses in this study.

The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, was founded in 1975 as a small department under the supervision of Ain-Shams University (the mother university). Then the department became separate and also grew larger. There was an increase in the number of beds, the number of undergraduate and postgraduate candidates, staff, and subsequently the number of research activities. The formation of specialized units of laparoscopy, hysteroscopy, IVF-ET, and ultrasound started in the first half of the 1990s. Colposcopy was present since 1980. A Gynecologic Oncology Unit was founded officially in the first half of 2000s. We have no gynecologic urology unit, although there are some preparations for it.

One of the requirements for a master’s degree is to submit either a thesis or an essay. An essay is review article. For a doctoral degree, a thesis should be submitted. Each thesis or essay should have a supervising committee comprising a professor, assistant professor or lecturer(s), a system similar to mentorship. 5 If part of the work will be done in another department, a supervisor from that department will also be part of the committee. According to rules in the university, supervision from another department is recommended, but is not obligatory. Candidates are encouraged to gain training and supervision from national and international experts in the field of the research.

The study was approved by the Obstetrics and Gynecology Council of the faculty. Data were represented as mean and standard deviation.

A total of 703 theses and essays were reviewed. There were 575 (81.8%) and 128 (18.2%) theses and essays, respectively. The first thesis accepted was in 1977. Because the overall study included 36 years, this period was classified into three parts, each part comprising 12 years ( Figure 1 ). The number of topics in gynecology and obstetrics were 367 and 336, respectively ( Tables 1 and ​ and2). 2 ). Infertility was the most common topic in gynecology. Topics were updated from basic investigations like hysterosalpingography to different techniques of artificial insemination (AI) and IVF-ET. Research also evaluated different parameters of ovarian reserve and its relation to the outcome of IVF. As regards to polycystic ovarian disease (PCOD), research included diagnostic, biochemical, ultrasonographic criteria, and role of insulin sensitizers. Research in gynecologic oncology included recent aspects of diagnosis and treatment of different gynecologic tumors. Role of laparoscopy in characterization of adnexal masses, management of large ovarian cysts, hysterectomy, and pelvic lymphadenectomy in early cancer cervix are examples. Research also covered new tumor markers like human epididymis protein 4. The relation between human papilloma virus and genital tract malignancy was also studied. Ultrasound and color Doppler were used to predict depth of myometrial invasion in cancer endometrium.

Number of research that contain skills in relation to total research in obstetrics and gynecology over 36 years in Zagazig University (N=703).

Gynecological topics involved in theses and essays in relation to year of acceptance (N=367)

Abbreviations: IVF-ET, in vitro fertilization–embryo transfer; PCOD, polycystic ovarian disease; HRT, hormone replacement therapy.

Obstetrical topics involved in the theses and essays in relation to the year of acceptance (N=336)

Abbreviations: FGR, fetal growth restriction; RPL, recurrent pregnancy loss; PROM, prelabor rupture of membranes; CS, cesarean section; VBAC, vaginal birth after cesarean; IOL, induction of labor; APH, antepartum hemorrhage.

Preeclampsia was the first topic in obstetrics, and research included prediction, pathogenesis, clinical criteria, and laboratory investigations. Use of ultrasound and color Doppler was extensive.

Theses including skills were 183, which represented 31.8% of theses and 26% of all research. As shown in Figure 1 , the numbers increased from 8 of 163 (4.4%) in the period 1979–1989 to 91 of 274 (33.2%) in the period 1989–2000, and then slightly decreased to 84 of 266 (31.2%) in the period 2001–2012. Ultrasonography was the most common topic (99 theses, 54.1%) followed by laparoscopy (30, 16.4%), hysteroscopy (25, 13.7%), AI, IVF-ET, and related techniques (16, 8.7%), and lastly colposcopy (13 theses, 7.1%) ( Figure 2 ). Ultrasonography and color Doppler research included prediction, pathogenesis of preeclampsia as well as prediction, diagnosis, and monitoring of fetal growth restrictions. In preterm labor, ultrasonography was used in the prediction of preterm labor by measuring cervical length. Theses also included diagnostic criteria of placenta accreta. In abnormal uterine bleeding, ultrasound was used in evaluation of uterine cavity. In addition hydrosonography was also used in comparison to hysteroscopy. Techniques involved transabdominal, transvaginal, and transperineal examinations.

Number of theses that contain skills in obstetrics and gynecology over 36 years in Zagazig University (N=183).

Abbreviations: AI, artificial insemination; IVF-ET, in vitro fertilization–embryo transfer.

Research in laparoscopy included infertility, ovarian drilling for PCOD, and different techniques of laparoscopic hysterectomy. In hysteroscopy, theses included comparison between hysteroscopy and hysterosalpingography, as well as comparison between CO 2 and normal saline as distending medium. Hysteroscopy also used before and after failed IVF-ET. Operative hysteroscopy included monopolar and bipolar resectoscopic surgery. Research also included salpingoscopy and fallopian tube catheterizations.

Supervisions from another department in our faculty were present in 297 theses ( Table 3 ). Supervision from other universities (national experts) was noted in 10 theses, and international experts in 7 theses. The total supervisions beyond our department were present in 314 cases, which represent 54.7% of theses ( Tables 3 – 5 ).

Supervision from other departments (same university) (N=297)

Supervision from outside Egypt (international experts), (N=7)

Abbreviations: CIN, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia; HPV, human papilloma virus; IVF-ET, in vitro fertilization–embryo transfer.

This study shows that scientific research included in theses and essays for the master’s and doctoral degrees was comprehensive. Important topics in the specialty of obstetrics and gynecology were covered. Infertility was the most common topic in gynecology, followed by gynecologic oncology. Both topics represented about half of all theses and essays in gynecology. Preeclampsia was the most common obstetrics topic (18.8%), followed by issues of high-risk pregnancy, fetal growth restriction, and fetal well-being (11.6%). The study also shows that scientific research was updated. This was more evident regarding infertility research. We observed that not only the number of researches in infertility was steadily increased but also the topics were updated. Issues of AI, IVF-ET and related techniques, ovarian reserve, and role of endoscopy were covered. Recent research areas on PCOD were also studied. Actually, infertility became a well-established subspecialty mainly due to marked advancement in IVF-ET and related techniques in last three decades. 6 , 7

We observed that there was a marked increase in the number of researches after establishment of specialized units of ultrasonography, endoscopy and IVF-ET ( Figure 1 ). This was more evident for research using ultrasound. As shown in Figure 2 , theses including ultrasound jumped from five in the period 1977–1988 to 49 in the period 1989–2000. Actually, advances in technology have expanded the field of obstetrics and gynecology and made training and developing skills in different subspecialties a great challenge. 8 , 9 It seems that candidates preferred scientific research that enabled them to gain skills, and ultrasonography represented the first choice. Ultrasonography is relatively easy to learn, with great application in clinical practice. 10 Similar increase, but to a lesser extent, occurred in research in field of laparoscopy and hysteroscopy. The least number of researches were observed in the field of colposcopy. This could be explained by the absence of any national program for screening of cervical cancer. Actually, cervical cancer is not a great health problem in Egypt. 11 Similar findings were observed regarding research in gynecologic oncology which was increased by 1.5 times in the last 12 years with the establishment of the Gynecologic Oncology Unit.

Multidisciplinary collaboration in research is important. It improves research quality, increases research output, and also improves the communication skills of the researchers. 12 , 13 In the present study, more than half of the theses had supervision from another department, either academic or clinical. However, as shown in Table 3 , there was a reduction in the number of supervisions from 141 to 45 (61.7%) in the last 12 years. This may be explained by a decreased interest in academic research such as anatomy, physiology, and experimental work. The interest in ultrasound, laparoscopy, and hysteroscopy is clear, even though research in some clinically important areas like preeclampsia was also decreased ( Tables 1 and ​ and2). 2 ). Therefore, proper training of residents during their rotation in these subspecialties may help to revive the lost interest in clinically important areas.

The strength of this study is that it reviewed all master and doctoral theses and essays conducted through 36 years. This long period makes the results about changes in trends in research reliable and makes study beneficial for planning of scientific research and training of residents in obstetrics and gynecology. However, the study did not include other research published by staff members for promotion to the posts of professors. Actually, some staff members research are based on these master and doctoral theses. Therefore the study is typically concerned with research done by masters and doctoral candidates but still represents the scientific research in obstetrics and gynecology.

In conclusion, scientific research of master’s and doctoral theses and essays was comprehensive, updated, and had some autonomy independent of plans. Research which enable the candidate to learn skills were increased on the expense of academic, clinical and multidisciplinary research. It could be recommended that plans for scientific research should be flexible and should leave a space for local departmental views. Proper training of residents during their rotation in these subspecialties may help to revive the lost interest in clinically important areas.

Supervision from another university (national experts) (N=10)

Abbreviation: IVF-ET, in vitro fertilization–embryo transfer.

Acknowledgments

The author thanks Professor Mohammed M Al-bakry, ex-Head of Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Professor Monqez Motea, Vice Dean and Head of Scientific Research Council, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, for their great support and encouragement. The author also thanks Dr Reem Abbas, Professor in Community Medicine, for her advice regarding the statistics used for the study.

The author reports no conflict of interest in this work.

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76 RESEARCH/DISSERTATION TOPICS IN OB/GYN

Obstetrics and Gynaecology has become a well-established field of medicine and has seen many advances over the past few decades. Many studies have brought about new and modified management of various conditions for better patient outcome. Below is a list of research/dissertation topics in the field.

• Differences in Postpartum Pain Management Following Cesarean Section for Primary English Speaking Patients Compared to Non-English Speaking Patients
• The Relationship Between Timing of Postpartum Hemorrhage Interventions and Adverse Outcomes.
• Demographic Trends in Women Seeking Termination of Pregnancy for Fetal Anomaly at a Free-Standing Abortion Clinic: A Neglected Population?
• Assessing Contraceptive Needs in Women Undergoing Bariatric Surgery.
• Outcomes of Vaginal and Cesarean Delivery in Twins Delivering at Less than 34 Weeks’ Gestation
• The Association of Type of Attending Obstetrician Call Schedule with Changes in Labor Management and Outcome.
• Effect of Previous Induced Abortions on Postabortal Contraception Selection.
• Risk Factors for Wound Complication in Women with Obstetric Anal Sphincter Injuries.
• Postpartum Contraception Choices and Postpartum Visit Rates in an Urban Community Hospital.
• Evaluating the Effect of Laboring Down in the Second Stage of Labor on Rates of Obstetric Anal Sphincter Injuries
• Nulliparas with a History of Treatment for Cervical Dysplasia: Obstetrical Outcomes at Term.
• Antiretroviral Exposure and Pregnancy Outcomes in HIV Postive Pregnant Women with Liver Enzyme Elevations.
• Acute Liver Failure During Pregnancy: Different Prognostic Techniques and Medical Treatments
• Comparison of the Efficacy of Different Techniques for Estimating Fetal Weight Throughout Pregnancy
• Techniques for Managing Hypertension During Pregnancy
• How Does Vitamin D Supplementation During Pregnancy Change the Outcomes for Mother and Child?
• Gestational Diabetes and Medical Interventions
• Hepatitis-B in Pregnant Women and Their Neonatal Outcome: Do Vaccines Effectively Reduce Transmission?
• Gestational Weight Gain’s Effect on Delivery and Neonatal Health
• Reliability of Ultrasounds be Used as a Pelvimetric Tool?
• Comparative Study for Different Preventive Methods for Postpartum Hemorrhage
• High Risk Pregnancies and the Implications of Color Doppler
• Will an Amnio-Infusion Reduce Fetal Distress in Cases of Thick Meconoium Amniotic Fluid?
• Predictors for Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension?
• Excessive weight gain before and during gestational diabetes mellitus management: What is the impact?
• The impact of induction of labor at 39 weeks in low-risk women on the incidence of stillbirth
• Risk of congenital anomalies following preconception bariatric surgery
• Dolutegravir in pregnancy and neural tube defects
• Early delivery versus expectant management of late preterm preeclampsia
• Incremental risk of stillbirth with advancing gestation at term
• Body mass index, gestational weight gain, and pregnancy outcome
• Periconceptional glucose control and preterm birth in type 1 diabetes
• Progesterone supplementation does not improve outcome of pregnancies with early bleeding
• Antibiotic prophylaxis for operative vaginal delivery
• Maternal mortality disparity in the Nigeria
• Age of oocyte donor for assisted reproduction and birth rates
• Therapeutic Rest to Delay Admission in Early Labor: A Study on Morphine Sleep

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• Applying Follicle Culture and a PCOS Cohort to Identify Ovarian Mechanosensitive Genes: RAMP1 and ADAMTS19
• A Comparison of Survival and Recurrence Outcomes in Patients With Endometrial Cancer Undergoing Robotic Versus Open Surgery.
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• Risk Factors for 30-Day Perioperative Complications after Le Fort Colpocleisis.
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• Subsequent Pregnancy Outcome after B-Lynch Suture Placement
• Resumption of Sexual Intercourse after Hysterectomy: The Patients’ Perspective.
• Insufficient Edometrial Biopsy Results in Low-Income Women with Abnormal Uterine Bleeding.
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• Do Patients With frequent Miscarriages Have Higher Anticardiolipin Antibodies?
• Dealing With Insulin Resistance Among Women Who Have Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
• Techniques for Treating Malignant Ovarian Tumors During Pregnancy
• Dynsfunctional Uterine Bleeding: The Efficacy of an Ultrasound Diagnosis
• The Efficacy of Hormone Therapy in Early Menopause
• Uterine Bleeding: Is Bleeding Due to Histopathological Differences in the Endometrium?
• Comparison of Side Effects of Different Contraceptive Methods
• Risk factors for recurrent pelvic inflammatory disease
• Does the method of primary treatment affect the pattern of first recurrence in high-grade serous ovarian cancer?
• Predictive serum markers for unexplained infertility in child-bearing aged women
• Sex hormones, gonad size and metabolic profile in adolescent girls born small-for-gestational age with catch-up growth
• Barriers to cervical cancer screening and acceptability of HPV self-testing
• Management of mesh complications following surgery for stress urinary incontinence or pelvic organ prolapse
• Completeness of salpingectomy intended for ovarian cancer risk reduction
• Incidence of abnormal cervical and vaginal cytology among women over age 65 living with human immunodeficiency virus
• Primary treatment patterns and survival of cervical cancer in Nigeria
• Further insights into the role of tumour characteristics in survival of young women with epithelial ovarian cancer
• The oncological safety of hysteroscopy in the diagnosis of early-stage endometrial cancer
• Night shift work: Impact on age at menopause
• Transvaginal mesh hysteropexy versus vaginal hysterectomy with uterosacral ligament suspension for pelvic organ prolapse
• Endometrial ablation versus hysterectomy for heavy menstrual bleeding
• Comparative efficacy of surgical approaches for female stress urinary incontinence

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Obstetric and Gynecological Nursing Research Paper Topics

The diverse array of obstetric and gynecological nursing research paper topics underscores the critical importance of this specialized field of nursing. Obstetric and gynecological nursing encompasses a wide range of topics that address the health and wellness of women from adolescence through menopause and beyond. This includes the management of pregnancy and childbirth, preventive care, and the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders specific to women. As the healthcare needs of women continue to evolve, so does the need for ongoing research and development of evidence-based practices in obstetric and gynecological nursing. This article provides a comprehensive list of research paper topics that will be of interest to students and professionals seeking to expand their knowledge and contribute to the body of knowledge in this vital area of healthcare.

100 Obstetric and Gynecological Nursing Research Paper Topics

Obstetric and gynecological nursing is a specialized field of nursing that focuses on the health and well-being of women throughout their lifespan. It encompasses a wide range of topics including pregnancy and prenatal care, labor and delivery, postpartum care, gynecological disorders, reproductive health, maternal and newborn health, high-risk pregnancy, women’s health across the lifespan, menopausal health, and ethical and legal issues in obstetric and gynecological nursing. The significance of this field cannot be overstated as it plays a crucial role in ensuring the health and well-being of both women and newborns. This article provides a comprehensive list of obstetric and gynecological nursing research paper topics, divided into 10 categories, each containing 10 topics.

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Pregnancy and Prenatal Care:

• The role of prenatal vitamins in preventing birth defects.
• The effects of maternal stress on fetal development.
• The impact of prenatal exercise on maternal and fetal health.
• The role of routine ultrasound examinations in prenatal care.
• The effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions for nausea and vomiting during pregnancy.
• The impact of maternal obesity on pregnancy outcomes.
• The role of folic acid supplementation in the prevention of neural tube defects.
• The effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions during pregnancy.
• The impact of maternal alcohol consumption on fetal development.
• The role of prenatal education in preparing expectant mothers for childbirth.

Labor and Delivery:

• The effectiveness of epidural analgesia in managing labor pain.
• The impact of birthing positions on labor outcomes.
• The role of continuous support during labor and delivery.
• The effectiveness of non-pharmacological pain relief methods during labor.
• The impact of induced labor on maternal and neonatal outcomes.
• The role of midwives in managing labor and delivery.
• The effectiveness of water birth in reducing labor pain.
• The impact of cesarean section on maternal and neonatal outcomes.
• The role of intrapartum fetal monitoring in preventing adverse outcomes.
• The effectiveness of active management of the third stage of labor in preventing postpartum hemorrhage.

Postpartum Care:

• The role of breastfeeding support in promoting successful breastfeeding.
• The impact of postpartum depression on mother-infant bonding.
• The effectiveness of skin-to-skin contact in promoting neonatal thermoregulation.
• The role of postpartum exercise in promoting maternal physical and mental health.
• The impact of early postpartum discharge on maternal and neonatal outcomes.
• The effectiveness of postpartum contraceptive counseling in preventing unplanned pregnancies.
• The role of routine newborn screening in the early detection of congenital disorders.
• The impact of maternal-infant rooming-in on breastfeeding success.
• The effectiveness of postpartum home visits in promoting maternal and newborn health.
• The role of pelvic floor exercises in preventing postpartum urinary incontinence.

Gynecological Disorders:

• The effectiveness of hormonal therapy in managing polycystic ovary syndrome.
• The impact of lifestyle modifications on the management of endometriosis.
• The role of screening in the early detection of cervical cancer.
• The effectiveness of non-surgical interventions for uterine fibroids.
• The impact of human papillomavirus vaccination on the incidence of cervical cancer.
• The role of hormonal replacement therapy in managing menopausal symptoms.
• The effectiveness of conservative management for ovarian cysts.
• The impact of early detection and treatment on the prognosis of ovarian cancer.
• The role of lifestyle modifications in the prevention of gynecological cancers.
• The effectiveness of surgical interventions for pelvic organ prolapse.

Reproductive Health:

• The role of contraceptive counseling in preventing unplanned pregnancies.
• The impact of long-acting reversible contraceptives on reducing the rate of unintended pregnancies.
• The effectiveness of fertility awareness-based methods in preventing pregnancy.
• The role of preconception care in promoting healthy pregnancies.
• The impact of sexually transmitted infections on reproductive health.
• The effectiveness of barrier methods in preventing sexually transmitted infections.
• The role of hormonal contraceptives in managing menstrual disorders.
• The impact of infertility on mental health.
• The effectiveness of assisted reproductive technologies in managing infertility.
• The role of male involvement in promoting reproductive health.

Maternal and Newborn Health:

• The impact of gestational diabetes on maternal and neonatal outcomes.
• The effectiveness of kangaroo mother care in promoting neonatal health.
• The role of antenatal corticosteroids in preventing neonatal respiratory distress syndrome.
• The impact of maternal anemia on neonatal outcomes.
• The effectiveness of newborn resuscitation in preventing neonatal mortality.
• The role of immunization in promoting maternal and newborn health.
• The impact of maternal mental health on neonatal outcomes.
• The effectiveness of neonatal intensive care in improving the survival of preterm infants.
• The role of early intervention services in promoting the development of high-risk infants.
• The impact of maternal-infant bonding on neonatal outcomes.

High-Risk Pregnancy:

• The role of antenatal care in managing high-risk pregnancies.
• The impact of multiple pregnancies on maternal and neonatal outcomes.
• The effectiveness of nutritional interventions in managing gestational diabetes.
• The role of bed rest in managing preterm labor.
• The impact of advanced maternal age on pregnancy outcomes.
• The effectiveness of antihypertensive medications in managing preeclampsia.
• The role of fetal surveillance in managing intrauterine growth restriction.
• The impact of preconception care on the outcomes of high-risk pregnancies.
• The effectiveness of interventions for preventing recurrent preterm birth.
• The role of specialist care in managing high-risk pregnancies.

Women’s Health Across the Lifespan:

• The impact of lifestyle modifications on the prevention of cardiovascular diseases in women.
• The effectiveness of breast cancer screening in early detection and treatment.
• The role of hormone replacement therapy in managing menopausal symptoms.
• The impact of osteoporosis on women’s health.
• The effectiveness of interventions for preventing urinary incontinence in women.
• The role of regular exercise in promoting mental health in women.
• The impact of domestic violence on women’s health.
• The effectiveness of interventions for promoting healthy eating in women.
• The role of stress management in preventing chronic diseases in women.
• The impact of depression on women’s health.

Menopausal Health:

• The impact of menopause on cardiovascular health.
• The effectiveness of hormonal replacement therapy in managing menopausal symptoms.
• The role of lifestyle modifications in managing menopausal weight gain.
• The impact of menopause on mental health.
• The effectiveness of non-hormonal interventions for managing hot flashes.
• The role of regular exercise in preventing osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.
• The impact of menopause on sexual health.
• The effectiveness of dietary interventions in managing menopausal symptoms.
• The role of stress management in promoting menopausal health.
• The impact of menopause on the risk of developing gynecological cancers.

Ethical and Legal Issues in Obstetric and Gynecological Nursing:

• The role of informed consent in obstetric and gynecological procedures.
• The impact of religious and cultural beliefs on women’s health decisions.
• The effectiveness of mandatory reporting of domestic violence in promoting women’s safety.
• The role of confidentiality in obstetric and gynecological care.
• The impact of legal restrictions on abortion services.
• The effectiveness of legal interventions in preventing female genital mutilation.
• The role of ethical considerations in assisted reproductive technologies.
• The impact of legal and ethical issues on the practice of obstetric and gynecological nursing.
• The effectiveness of legal interventions in promoting maternal and newborn health.
• The role of ethical considerations in the management of high-risk pregnancies.

The importance of research in obstetric and gynecological nursing cannot be overstated as it plays a crucial role in ensuring the health and well-being of both women and newborns. The diverse range of topics listed above provides a comprehensive overview of the various aspects of obstetric and gynecological nursing. It is our hope that this list will serve as a valuable resource for students and professionals seeking to expand their knowledge and contribute to the body of knowledge in this vital area of healthcare.

The Range of Obstetric and Gynecological Nursing Research Paper Topics

Obstetric and gynecological nursing is an essential branch of healthcare that focuses on the well-being of women during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period, as well as the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the female reproductive system. The significance of this field is immense, as it plays a crucial role in ensuring the health and safety of both mothers and newborns, and in managing and preventing gynecological disorders. The scope of obstetric and gynecological nursing research paper topics is vast, encompassing a wide range of issues from pregnancy and prenatal care, labor and delivery, postpartum care, gynecological disorders, and much more.

Pregnancy and Prenatal Care

Proper care during pregnancy is essential for the health and well-being of both the mother and the baby. Prenatal care involves a series of regular check-ups and screenings to monitor the health of the mother and the developing fetus. Obstetric nurses play a crucial role in providing this care, educating expectant mothers about proper nutrition, exercise, and lifestyle habits, monitoring the progress of the pregnancy, and identifying and managing any potential complications. Some obstetric and gynecological nursing research paper topics in this area could include the effectiveness of different prenatal screening tests, the impact of maternal lifestyle habits on fetal development, or the role of prenatal education in preparing expectant mothers for childbirth.

Labor and Delivery

The process of labor and delivery is a critical period that requires skilled care and management to ensure the safety of both the mother and the baby. Obstetric nurses are involved in every stage of this process, from monitoring the progress of labor, providing pain relief, assisting with the delivery, and caring for the mother and newborn immediately after birth. Research topics in this area could include the effectiveness of different pain relief methods during labor, the impact of birthing positions on labor outcomes, or the role of continuous support during labor and delivery.

Postpartum Care

The postpartum period, or the time after childbirth, is a crucial time for both the mother and the newborn. Obstetric nurses provide care to the mother as she recovers from childbirth, monitor the newborn’s health and development, provide breastfeeding support, and educate the new parents on infant care. Some potential obstetric and gynecological nursing research paper topics in this area could include the impact of postpartum depression on mother-infant bonding, the effectiveness of skin-to-skin contact in promoting neonatal thermoregulation, or the role of postpartum exercise in promoting maternal physical and mental health.

Gynecological Disorders

Gynecological nursing involves the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the female reproductive system. Gynecological nurses provide care to women with a variety of gynecological disorders such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), endometriosis, uterine fibroids, cervical cancer, and more. Research topics in this area could include the effectiveness of hormonal therapy in managing PCOS, the impact of lifestyle modifications on the management of endometriosis, or the role of screening in the early detection of cervical cancer.

The diverse range of obstetric and gynecological nursing research paper topics provides an opportunity for researchers to explore a variety of issues that affect women’s health. By conducting research in this field, nurses can contribute to the body of knowledge that informs clinical practice and helps improve outcomes for women and newborns.

In conclusion, obstetric and gynecological nursing is a vital field that plays a crucial role in ensuring the health and well-being of women and newborns. From pregnancy and prenatal care, labor and delivery, postpartum care, and the management of gynecological disorders, the scope of this field is vast. The wide range of obstetric and gynecological nursing research paper topics provides an opportunity for researchers to explore various aspects of this field and contribute to the improvement of women’s health.

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1000+ OBGYN Project Resources

Hot Topics in Obstetrics and Gynecology

These are reference Open Educational Resources selected for residents in obstetrics and gynecology. This collection was developed in response to a request to the 1000+ OBGYN Consortium by its project partners for supplementary learning materials for 12 hot topics identified by members.

This is a preliminary collection compiled for the consortium. The collection will be revised and extended based on feedback from the consortium members.

This is a representative but not comprehensive collection of learning materials that are free to access, publicly available, and, in most cases, publicly licensed to allow copying and adaptation under certain conditions.

How to: Browse the topics to find materials to suit your learning and teaching needs.

• Abortion Care
• Adolescent Gynecology
• Cervical Cancer
• Hypertensive Disorders In Pregnancy
• Labor and Delivery Management
• Postpartum Hemorrhage
• Pre-Term Labor
• Puerperal Sepsis
• Sickle Cell

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74 Gynecology Essay Topic Ideas & Examples

🏆 best gynecology topic ideas & essay examples, 👍 good essay topics on gynecology, ⭐ simple & easy gynecology essay titles, ❓ essay questions in obstetrics and gynecology.

• The Gynecologic Health History and Its Importance The reaction of gynecologic health history is necessary to provide or enhance the healthcare of the gynecologic patient. Therefore, they require special coverage within the framework of gynecologic health history.
• Protein in Modern Obstetric and Gynecological Practice It also elucidates on inflammatory markers and infertility in the context of STDs and briefly discusses anemia types and splenectomy in ITP.
• Medical Diagnostics in Gynecology and Dermatology The presence of similar skin defects at the patient’s recent sexual partners and the previous existence of similar skin defects on the patient’s skin and mucosae can define the duration of the disease and the […]
• The Difference Between Male and Female Gynecologist This was later, when women have come to the profession and the consideration appeared that men are not those, who should be the gynecologist and that women were the first, and men has entered it […]
• Gynecological Conditions: Diagnosis and Management The combination of excessive exercise, stress, and weight loss leads to the reduction in the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone and amenorrhea.
• Screenings for Women’s Gynecologic Health A significant part of health care for women is devoted to disease prevention and timely diagnosis. Moreover, cholesterol and blood pressure checks are added for women to detect any cardiovascular issues.
• Chlamydial Infections: Gynecological Conditions The diagnosis will have a short-term effect on SL’s life as she will have to have a discussion about STIs with her partner, which may be challenging for her.
• Diagnosing and Managing Gynecologic Conditions This report discusses the primary and differential diagnoses for the condition and suggests possible treatment methods. Differential diagnoses include the following conditions: Polycystic ovarian syndrome, which is a common endocrine disorder that affects up to […]
• Complete Gynecology Services in a Community College
• Hemostasis in Obstetrics and Gynecology
• The Use of Herbs and Dietary Supplements in Gynecology
• Facial and Body Blood Contamination in Major Gynecological Surgeries
• Transvaginal Ultrasound Practice in a General Gynecology Clinic
• New Applications of the co2laser in Gynecology
• A Scientific Effort to Combat COVID-19 in Gynecology
• Preoperative Hypnosis in Gynecology
• Effectiveness of the Gynecology Teaching Associate in Teaching Pelvic Examination Skills
• Role of Gynecologists in Reproductive Education of Adolescent Girls
• Impact of the Availability of Sonography in the Acute Gynecology Unit
• Fluorescence Diagnostics in Oncological Gynecology
• Manpower Planning in Obstetrics and Gynecology
• Gynecological Care of the Transgender Man
• Molecular Targets in Gynecological Cancers
• Gender Gap Between Male and Female Obstetrics and Gynecology
• Three-Dimensional Ultrasound in Gynecology
• Cost and Robotic Surgery in Gynecology
• Evidence-Based Indications for Treatment of Uterine Fibroids in Gynecology
• Obstetric and Gynecological Problems Associated With Eating Disorders
• Hospital Infections in Obstetrics and Gynecology
• The Outcome of Short-Stay Surgery in Conventional Gynecological Operations
• Selected Hormonal Agents in Gynecology
• Distress and Mental Health in Patients With Gynecological Cancer
• The Level of Loneliness of Patients With Gynecological Cancer
• The Teaching Diagnostic Skills in Gynecology
• Sensitivity Measurement in Gynecological Cytology
• Screening Methods for Gynecological Cancers
• Nutrition in Gynecological Disease
• Psychiatric Morbidity in Gynecological Outpatients
• Social Responsibility of Gynecology and Obstetrics
• Computer System for Gynecological Health Control
• Prevalence of Gynecological Disorders
• Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine by Gynecologists
• Use of Metronidazole in Obstetrics and Gynecology
• The Use of Nurse Practitioners in Ambulatory Gynecology
• Gynecology and Obstetrics of the Present: Perspectives and Challenges
• Possibilities of Electrical Impedance Tomography in Gynecology
• The Link Between Adolescent Gynecology and Endocrinology
• The Future of Lasers in Gynecology
• What Does Hemostasis Mean in Gynecology?
• What Can the Use of Herbs and Nutritional Supplements in Gynecology Bring?
• What Is the Difference Between Gynecology and OB-GYN?
• What Problems Does a Gynecologist Treat?
• What Are Serious Gynecological Problems?
• What Are the Basics of Gynecology?
• What Are the Benefits of Being a Gynaecologist?
• What Are the Disadvantages of Being a Gynecologist?
• Who Was the First Gynecologist?
• What Causes Gynecological Disorders?
• What Is a Gynaecological Assessment?
• What Are Gynecologic Emergencies?
• What Are the Prospects and Problems of Gynecology and Obstetrics?
• What Are the Primary Subspecialty Fellowships in Gynecology?
• How to Prepare for a Gynecologist Appointment?
• How Does a Gynecologist Check Up Go?
• How Many Times Should a Woman See a Gynecologist?
• Should Every Woman See a Gynecologist?
• At What Age Should a Female Start Seeing a Gynecologist?
• What Is Difference Between Gynecologist and Obstetrician?
• Is Gynecology Medical or Surgical?
• What Are the Challenges of Being a Gynecologist?
• What Is Human Resource Planning in Obstetrics and Gynecology?
• What Is the Gender Gap Between Male and Female Obstetrics and Gynecology?
• What Does Robotic Surgery Mean in Gynecology?
• Human Papillomavirus Paper Topics
• Postpartum Depression Paper Topics
• Sex Education Essay Titles
• Pregnancy Essay Topics
• Childbirth Titles
• STDs Essay Topics
• Surrogacy Questions
• Physical Therapy Research Topics
• Chicago (A-D)
• Chicago (N-B)

IvyPanda. (2023, September 26). 74 Gynecology Essay Topic Ideas & Examples. https://ivypanda.com/essays/topic/gynecology-essay-topics/

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IvyPanda . 2023. "74 Gynecology Essay Topic Ideas & Examples." September 26, 2023. https://ivypanda.com/essays/topic/gynecology-essay-topics/.

1. IvyPanda . "74 Gynecology Essay Topic Ideas & Examples." September 26, 2023. https://ivypanda.com/essays/topic/gynecology-essay-topics/.

Bibliography

IvyPanda . "74 Gynecology Essay Topic Ideas & Examples." September 26, 2023. https://ivypanda.com/essays/topic/gynecology-essay-topics/.

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Low-impact yoga and exercise found to help older women manage urinary incontinence

Stanford Medicine-led research finds that 12 weeks of low-impact exercise classes reduced daily episodes of urinary incontinence by more than half.

September 3, 2024 - By Erin Digitale

Stanford Medicine researchers and their colleagues have found that low-impact yoga helps older women with incontinence. David L/peopleimages.com

Older women struggling with urinary incontinence can benefit from regular, low-impact exercise, with yoga as well as stretching and strengthening showing benefits in a new study published Aug. 27 in Annals of Internal Medicine .

The research, led by scientists at Stanford Medicine and the University of California, San Francisco, is part of a larger effort to identify low-risk, low-cost ways to treat one of the most common health problems women face as they age.

After 12 weeks of a low-impact yoga program, study participants had about 65% fewer episodes of incontinence. Women in a control group doing stretching and strengthening exercises experienced a similar benefit over the same time period. The benefits are on par with the effects of medications used to address incontinence, the researchers said.

“Our study was testing the kind of yoga that just about anyone can do, with modifications for different physical abilities,” said the study’s senior author, Leslee Subak , MD, chair of obstetrics and gynecology at Stanford Medicine. “What I love about it is that it’s safe, inexpensive, doesn’t require a doctor and accessible wherever you live.” Because the trial was conducted partly during the COVID-19 pandemic, many participants received their yoga or exercise instruction via online meetings, exercising in their own homes, she noted.

The study’s lead author is Alison Huang, MD, professor of medicine, urology, and epidemiology and biostatistics at UCSF.

Urinary incontinence, which affects more than half of middle-aged women and up to 80% of 80-year-olds, can lead to a variety of other problems, from social isolation to bone fractures caused by falls. But there is help.

“Part of the problem is that incontinence is stigmatized; we don’t talk about it,” said Subak, the Katharine Dexter McCormick and Stanley McCormick Memorial Professor III. “Or we hear folklore about this being normal when you get older. In fact, it’s very common but it’s not inevitable, and we have very effective ways of treating it.”

Addressing a common problem

Incontinence deserves good treatment because of the many ways it interferes with people’s lives.

“It takes away independence,” Subak said. “My patients will say, ‘I can’t stay with my kids or grandkids because I’m afraid I’ll wet the bed, and I can’t talk about it; it’s too embarrassing.’”

Leslee Subak

Patients may avoid activities that could boost their well-being, such as exercising and seeing friends. They are more likely to be admitted to a nursing home and to suffer certain serious medical problems such as hip fractures.

“Incontinence and overactive bladder are among the biggest risk factors for falls and fractures among older women,” Subak said. “You’re rushing to the bathroom at night — with the lights off — tripping and falling, and breaking a hip.”

Some factors that contribute to risk for incontinence can’t be changed, such as aging or having had children. But others are modifiable.

“A lot of my research has focused on weight loss and physical activity, which in fact are effective treatments,” Subak said. She became interested in studying yoga as a treatment after some of her patients told her it helped them.

Being active helps

The study compared two 12-week exercise programs: 121 participants were randomly assigned to yoga, and 119 to a physical conditioning control group. The participants were women with urinary incontinence that caused symptoms at least once a day. They were 45 to 90 years old, with a mean age of 62.

In the yoga program, participants learned 16 hatha yoga poses intended to strengthen the pelvic floor, via two 90-minute sessions per week. The pelvic floor consists of the muscles that form the base of the pelvis and hold its organs — including the bladder and urethra — in place. Participants were also asked to practice yoga for at least one hour per week outside of class and to maintain a practice log.

Participants in the control group spent an equal amount of time in exercise classes, but their classes focused on nonspecific stretching and strengthening exercises that did not engage the pelvic floor. They were also asked to practice for an additional hour per week and keep a practice log.

The study began with in-person classes, then transitioned to a videoconference format when the COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns began.

Participants recorded when they leaked urine and classified whether each episode was urgency incontinence, when an overactive bladder causes a person to feel the need to urinate more often than usual, or stress incontinence, in response to pressure in the abdomen, such as from coughing or sneezing. They also answered standard questionnaires about their bladder function.

At the beginning of the study, the participants had an average of 3.4 episodes of urinary incontinence per day, including 1.9 urgency-type episodes and 1.4 stress-type episodes.

By the end of the 12-week programs, participants in the yoga group were experiencing 2.3 fewer episodes of incontinence per day, on average. Those in the physical conditioning group were experiencing 1.9 fewer episodes per day.

The two treatments are about equally effective, with both approaches reducing episodes of incontinence by around 60%, and the benefits from both treatments are meaningful, Subak said.  Patients who would like to try these approaches can search for low-impact Iyengar yoga or low-impact exercise classes in their communities or online, she said, adding that instructors should be able to adapt the activity to participants’ physical limitations.

“I’m impressed that exercise did so well and impressed that yoga did so well,” Subak said. “One of the take-home messages from this study is ‘Be active!’”

Other nonsurgical treatments for incontinence, including medications, typically result in a 30% to 70% improvement in symptoms, she noted.

If a patient asked whether yoga could help with incontinence, “I would say that I think it’s a great idea to try it if you’re interested,” Subak said. “It’s very low risk, and there’s potential for benefit not only for incontinence but also for your general well-being.”

The study was funded by the National Institutes of Health (grants R01AG050588, R01DK116712-04S1 and K24AG068601). Researchers from Yale University and San Francisco State University also contributed to the study.

About Stanford Medicine

Stanford Medicine is an integrated academic health system comprising the Stanford School of Medicine and adult and pediatric health care delivery systems. Together, they harness the full potential of biomedicine through collaborative research, education and clinical care for patients. For more information, please visit med.stanford.edu .

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How the smallest units of life determine our health