how to find the right phd program

• How to Choose the Right PhD Programme: A Comprehensive Guide

How to Choose the Right PhD Programme

Written by Mark Bennett

Choosing the right PhD programme isn't just about finding a course to study; it's about committing to a transformative journey of extended research and producing an original contribution to knowledge.

Unlike undergraduate or even Master's degrees , selecting the right PhD requires more careful consideration and insight. This comprehensive guide will walk you through how to choose a PhD programme, step by step.

Take your time

A PhD typically spans three years or more and can become monotonous if you're not deeply interested in your research topic. Each step in this guide encourages you to take your time and be methodical.

Cultivating this ability to be systematic and diligent when searching for a doctorate is excellent preparation for actually doing one. Remember, patience at this stage will pay off throughout your doctoral journey.

• Follow the steps in this guide, compare multiple opportunities and reflect on your decision-making process.
• Thoroughly research each programme and consult with current students or alumni to gain deeper insights.
• Schedule visits to campuses if possible to get a feel for the research environment and community.
• Apply for the first project you find and eventually end up studying a field that doesn't genuinely interest you.
• Rush through your decision-making process due to external pressures or deadlines.

Choose what kind of doctorate you’re looking for

Before finding the right doctorate, you need to understand the different types of PhDs available:

• Advertised projects : Common in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Medicine (STEM) subjects; these projects are offered within established labs or research groups. They typically come with defined objectives and funding, making them a structured pathway.
• Self-proposed projects : More common in Arts, Humanities, and some Social Sciences; you select your own topic and propose it to a university or supervisor. This type offers more freedom and creativity but requires a well-defined research proposal and often entails sourcing your own funding.
• Professional doctorates : Vocational subjects such as Business and Management often award specialised qualifications like the DBA (Doctor of Business Administration) . These are suited for individuals aiming for high-level professional practice rather than academic careers.

The subject you wish to research will help narrow down the type of doctorate you should pursue. Also, think about your career aspirations post-PhD. Whether you want to remain in academia, transition to industry, or enter public service, your choice will influence the kind of doctorate you should opt for.

• Learn about different types of PhD (as well as the differences between them) and take a look at the kind of doctorates offered in your subject area .
• Consult academic advisors or mentors to understand how different types of doctorates align with your career goals.
• Waste time searching for unrealistic combinations like a Doctor of Business Administration in a field irrelevant to business.
• Assume that all PhDs are the same regardless of their structure and objectives.

Pick a project that pairs passion with practicality

Choosing a PhD topic means finding one that is specific but has the right scope for a three to four-year project. Ensure your project has clear objectives and is something you are passionate about. It should be feasible within the allocated time frame and resources.

• Look for projects with objectives you care about and problems that are meaningful to you.
• Discuss potential topics with prospective supervisors to understand their feasibility and relevance.
• Overreach by attempting to solve monumental problems that could take decades to address in only three years.
• Choose a topic solely because it seems trendy or popular if it doesn't genuinely interest you.

Research your research

Confirm that your PhD idea is both original and worthwhile. Use resources like our PhD search tool to compare current projects. This can offer insights into the research landscape in your field. Investigate if there are existing gaps in the literature that your research could fill, and assess the potential impact of your findings.

• Investigate thoroughly and see how your project fits into the existing body of work.
• Look for recently published papers and ongoing research efforts to gauge the novelty and importance of your topic.
• Assume your idea is unique without checking to see if others are working on similar topics.
• Overlook the importance of a well-crafted research proposal that highlights the significance and potential contributions of your work.

Try before you buy

Get a taste of what working in your research area is like. Read recent papers or journal articles on your topic to understand what you’ll be engaging with over the next few years. Attend conferences or workshops to immerse yourself in the academic community and current debates within your field.

• Study current research in your field to see if it's something you find engaging and interesting.
• Take part in relevant seminars or webinars that can offer deeper insights into ongoing research.
• Commit to years of research only to find out you dislike the academic material involved.
• Ignore the value of networking with other researchers and peers in your potential field.

Think about your research environment

When choosing the right university, consider the research environment it offers. Look at the facilities, postgraduate community, and support systems available for doctoral research. The environment should foster your academic growth and provide ample resources for your research needs.

• Consider how your daily routine will impact your well-being and success. Think about living and working at the university you choose.
• Investigate the university’s library, laboratory, and other research facilities to ensure they meet your project's requirements.
• Pick a university solely based on its ranking or amenities without considering the specific research environment.
• Underestimate the importance of a supportive and collaborative research community.

Talk to potential supervisors

The student-supervisor relationship is crucial during a PhD. Supervisors guide your research journey, so it's essential to get this relationship right. Make sure to find out about potential supervisors before committing. Meet with them to discuss their approach to supervision, research interests, and expectations.

• Consider the kind of support and relationship you’ll need from a PhD supervisor.
• Find out about their previous students’ experiences and research outcomes.
• Contact every potential supervisor immediately with your research proposal; take the time to learn about them first.
• Assume that a renowned professor will automatically be the best fit for you without considering their mentoring style.

Think about your future

Envision yourself completing your PhD and consider your career aspirations. Opportunities for PhD graduates are diverse, including academic and non-academic pathways. Think about your options before starting. A PhD can open doors to high-impact roles in research, policy-making, industry, and more.

• Reflect on your career goals and the skills you want to develop during your doctorate.
• Explore various career support services and professional development opportunities available at your chosen institution.
• Assume a PhD will automatically lead to your desired job without considering other opportunities and skill-building activities.
• Neglect networking and building professional connections during your PhD years.

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We've answered some of the most frequently asked questions about PhDs, covering course types, applications, funding and the benefits of further study.

Getting ready to apply for a PhD? Our guides explain research proposals, references and entry tests for doctoral programmes.

Understand what a successful PhD research proposal needs to include and how to go about writing one for your project application.

Our guide explains how to contact a potential PhD supervisor to discuss your proposal or ideas with them before applying.

A checklist of the things you'll need to do when making an international PhD application, from meeting the entry requirements to sorting out your visa.

What documents you need for a complete study abroad application, what they are and what they should and should not include.

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How to Choose a PhD Program

Successfully completing a doctoral program requires commitment and perseverance. the most important step in this process is to consider whether academic life is right for you and what kind of doctoral program — from discipline to environment — will be the best fit for your goals and preferences., we asked our current students and faculty, “what is key to making this decision” following are some questions they suggested you ask yourself, and answer, in order to select the appropriate program..

First, a basic description of a doctoral program:

As a doctoral student, you will spend the first two years of your program exploring areas of interest through coursework. In the two to three years that follow, you will select and pursue your own research topic, one which will make an original contribution to the existing body of knowledge in your field. Your original research culminates in an extensive written document known as the doctoral dissertation.

General Questions

If you are considering your career options, answering these questions will help you clarify your goals and ambitions — and determine if a doctoral program is the right decision for you.

• Am I the type of person who is suited for a career in academia? Am I independently motivated to answer questions that I find interesting?
• Do I want to spend the rest of my career doing research, as well as reading and talking about it?
• Do I have a strong enough academic background in order to apply and be accepted by the program?
• Is now the time for me to pursue a PhD?
• What are my goals after completing the PhD?

Program Questions

If you know you want to pursue a doctoral degree, answers to these questions will help you select the right program for you.

• How many faculty are working with students?
• How many faculty members are doing research in areas related to my own interests?
• What opportunities are there to work with a variety of faculty and to be exposed to different approaches in research (modeling, work with data, experiment design)?
• Am I technically prepared to learn to do research in this field?
• Most PhD students change their vision of research and many change their intended concentration area after joining the program and being exposed to a variety of research styles. Does my program of choice offer flexibility needed to do so?
• Is there financial support for students to attend academic conferences to present their own research?
• What opportunities are there for students to participate in colloquia, both as an attendee and as a presenter?
• What is the department’s placement record? What types of jobs do graduates take and where?
• Finally, how well do graduates of the program perform in the long term (contributing to the field through publication, practice of management and earning tenure)?

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Finding the Right Graduate School: 7 Tips for Success

So you’ve made the decision to go to grad school. You’ve weighed your options , researched the benefits of a graduate education , and discovered the value of having an advanced degree . Now it’s time to choose which program to pursue—a task that can seem overwhelming given the number of options available.

But your grad school search doesn’t have to be daunting. There are actions you can take to make choosing a graduate degree program more manageable and even exciting. As you take the next step toward your personal and professional goals, take note of the following tips to help you choose a graduate school and degree program best suited for you.

What’s the difference between graduate and undergraduate programs?

Before you start searching for the right graduate school for you, it’s essential to know what to expect for this new career trajectory you’ll be embarking on. Unlike an undergraduate program, graduate programs are highly specialized and much more advanced in your field of study.

Prospective graduate students can expect a far more individualized experience as they work closely with students and professors. Due to this specialization, entering a graduate program will be an investment of time that’ll ultimately help elevate your expertise and career choices.

Tips for choosing a graduate school

1. take inventory of your passions and motivations..

Pursuing a graduate education is a big investment, so it’s critical to understand the unique “ why ” behind your decision. What do you hope to achieve by going back to school? Whether you’d like to gain more specialized knowledge, change careers, earn a promotion, increase your salary potential, or achieve a lifelong personal goal, make sure the program you choose will help get you there.

Examine the curricula and course descriptions of various degree programs, and assess how each offering aligns with your passions and interests. Graduate school is challenging, but it will feel more manageable if you’re working toward something that matters to you. Understanding your expectations and what you want to get out of the program is the first step in choosing a degree that will be a good fit.

2. Do your research and explore your options.

Once you’ve determined your motivations for returning to school, leave yourself time to research the types of degree programs available in your preferred area of study and the opportunities each can create.

Resources like the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics’ Occupational Outlook Handbook can give you a sense of typical career paths by industry, along with the educational degree requirements for each. The handbook also provides market growth forecasts and earning potential to help inform your decision.

It’s also important to note the structure and focus of each program. Even in the same discipline, a program’s focus can vary among institutions. Does the curriculum emphasize theory, original research, or a more practical application of knowledge? Whatever your goals may be, make sure the program’s focus aligns with the educational experience that will provide you with the most value. Career changers, for example, who likely don’t have industry experience, might prefer a program with access to hands-on learning opportunities or a path for completing prerequisites like Northeastern’s Align and Bridge programs.

While conducting your research, don’t be afraid to utilize your professional network. Speak with colleagues who have pursued an advanced degree in your industry and reach out to alumni of the institutions you’re considering. Listening to their experiences as a graduate student and in the job market post-degree can help you gauge if the program is in line with your goals.

3. Keep your career goals in mind.

After exploring your range of program options, consider your career goals and how each specific graduate progr am can help you get there.

If you’re seeking a specialized area of focus, be sure to examine the program concentrations offered at each institution. One graduate program in education might prepare you to specialize in higher education administration or elementary instruction, while other institutions may offer concentrations in special education or classroom technology. Make sure the program you choose reflects your career interests.

Alternatively, if you’re unsure of exactly where your career path may take you, you may want to consider a broader degree that can give you flexibility in its application. Some degree programs, such as a Master of Business Administration , teach skills that can be applied across multiple professions. If this is the path you’d prefer to pursue, pick a degree that will remain relevant as you move around in your career.

Examine the types of credentials professionals in the industry possess, and research the types of skills potential employers are looking for. Check to see that the degree program offers opportunities to learn and develop those same skills. You’ll want to make sure the program you’re investing your time in will arm you with the knowledge you can actually apply in the real world.

Some professions also require board certification and/or state licensure. For example, someone interested in becoming a ​​project manager must complete 35 hours of relevant training before gaining eligibility to sit for the certification exam. You’ll want to ensure that the graduate program you ultimately decide on is fully accredited and will help you meet any certification or licensure requirements.

Location is also an important factor to consider when thinking about potential employment opportunities after graduation. Individuals interested in financial services may consider schools in a major banking center, such as Charlotte , while those pursuing a technology career might look for programs in Silicon Valley .

Further, if your goal is to work for a specific company, do your research to determine where graduates of the programs you’re looking at are working. Universities often have corporate partnerships in which employers recruit graduates to work at their organization. Check to see if your dream company partners with any nearby universities.

4. Make sure the program fits your lifestyle.

While aligning your career goals, make sure the degree program you choose will realistically fit within your lifestyle, and determine what level of flexibility you need. There are many options available that will allow you to earn an advanced degree at the right pace and in the right format for you.

Some degrees can be earned in as little as 12 months, while others can take years. Determine how much time you’re willing to invest, considering your personal values, work and family commitments, and the type of graduate experience you’d like to have.

Full-time graduate studies are not for everyone. If you’re a working professional, you may benefit from the increased flexibility provided by a part-time degree program. You might also consider the benefits of online or hybrid graduate programs that provide access to worldwide institutions that may have otherwise not been an option.

5. Consider your finances.

Decide what you can afford for graduate school, and don’t forget to factor in both the up-front costs, such as tuition and textbooks, and hidden fees, like transportation and student activity costs. While your education is an investment, make sure you can cover the costs associated with earning your graduate degree.

Paying for graduate school can seem intimidating, but there are many different options available to you. While you narrow down your list of schools, be sure to check out the financial aid options at each institution. Along with scholarships , loans, and grants, some schools may offer assistantships or fellowships for graduate students.

For those already be working in their industry, employers may offer tuition reimbursement , which pays for a predetermined amount of continuing education credits or college coursework to be applied toward a degree. Contact your company’s human resources department to determine whether tuition reimbursement is available to you and if your program of interest meets the eligibility requirements.

All of these options will help ease the costs associated with your education and could help you earn valuable experience to enhance your resumé. You may also want to consider your future earning potential and job opportunities when weighing your options—you want your degree to be worth the money, time, and energy you put into earning it.

6. Talk to admissions advisors, students, and alumni.

When determining your graduate school options, it’s important to talk to current students and alumni. Begin by creating a list of questions to ask, such as:

• Do you have enough academic and career guidance?
• What do you like and dislike about your program?
• Are you happy with your professors?
• Are there co-op and internship opportunities available to you?
• How do you feel about the student community?
• What do you wish you knew before enrolling?

What students and alumni tell you might surprise you and could be extremely valuable in determining the right graduate school for you. Attend a prospective student event to network and get your questions answered. 

You can also speak with graduate admissions advisors to help narrow your options. They have experience guiding students to make this type of decision and can provide you with the outcomes of past students whose goals were similar to yours. In speaking with the institution’s alumni and mentor network, you also have the opportunity to assess the type of connections you can make there and how they may help you get ahead after graduation.

7. Network with faculty.

Faculty can make or break your graduate school experience. Take the time to reach out to your potential professors and get to know them. Don’t be afraid to ask specific questions about their background to see if it aligns with what you want to learn.

Apply to universities that have one or more professors who focus on your area of interest and with whom you can imagine collaborating while earning your degree. Determine if they can help facilitate your growth, and go with a program where you’re comfortable with the faculty.

Applying to graduate school

After narrowing down your options and determining which graduate programs align most closely with your career goals, lifestyle, and personal interests, you’re ready to begin the application process. It might seem intimidating, but applying to graduate school is simple so long as you remain organized and are well prepared.

While the application requirements may look different depending on the institution and type of degree program you’re applying to, there are certain materials that you’ll likely be asked for as part of your grad school application. These include:

• An application form
• Undergraduate transcripts
• A well-optimized professional resumé
• A statement of purpose or personal statement
• Letters of recommendation
• GRE, GMAT, or LSAT test scores (if required)
• An application fee

Do your research to determine what the application requirements are for your program of choice, and remain conscious of deadlines. 

Graduate school as a stepping stone

When deciding which program is right for you, it’s important to remember that graduate school is a stepping stone toward your personal and professional goals—not the final destination. That said, the clearer you are on what you want to do following graduation, the easier it will be to find a program that aligns with your goals.

Start early, keep your search organized , and reach out for support. In the end, only you can decide which program will be best for you. No matter what program you choose to pursue, with commitment, resilience, and hard work, you can find success.

Have Questions About Northeastern’s Grad Programs?

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Editor’s Note: This post was originally published in February 2024. It has since been updated for relevance and accuracy. 

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Advanced degree holders earn a salary an average 25% higher than bachelor's degree holders. (Economic Policy Institute, 2021)

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How to Choose a PhD Program: 7 Key Considerations

One of the most common questions among budding researchers is how to choose a PhD program that is the perfect fit for their interest. The choice of pursuing a PhD program can be driven by various reasons, from wanting to make an original contribution in your subject area to achieving your career ambitions or a desire to accomplish something big. Whatever the reason, the decision to pursue a doctoral degree must be thought through carefully. While the journey to procuring a PhD degree can be exciting, it can also prove to be a gruelling experience given that it can take anywhere from four to eight years to complete. Therefore, finding the right PhD program that aligns with your academic interests, career goals, and personal needs is crucial.

In this article, we will explain how to choose a PhD program and topic of research and provide you with a list of key considerations to keep in mind when making this important decision.

Table of Contents

How to choose the right PhD program : Key considerations

1. take time to introspect.

While choosing a PhD program may seem easy at first, it requires a lot of thought and introspection. Don’t rush into making a decision on the topic of your research. Take time instead, to evaluate your options. If you pick a PhD program that does not align with your research interests or career goals, you may find yourself struggling to stay engaged, and productive, which can lead to burnout, stress, and disappointment. A lot of early career researchers drop out of their PhD programs because they made hasty decisions either on the topic of their research or on their choice of the PhD program itself.

2. Stay within your research discipline

Different PhD programs are tailored to different subject areas, such as humanities, social sciences, natural sciences, engineering, or healthcare. So keep in mind the research discipline that you want to pursue and look for options within it. The decision can often be a difficult one given that many subjects today are interdisciplinary. But not all PhD programs are created equal, and some may offer better opportunities for research, mentorship, funding, networking, and professional development than others. Therefore, it is important to know what to look for and how to choose a PhD program that aligns with your research interests and career goals.

3. Identify your specific research interests

Once you have identified your research discipline, you should narrow down your research interests to specific topics that you want to explore. Reading past dissertations and published journal articles will help you identify gaps in knowledge and enable you develop a PhD research project that will address them. Remember that the doctoral journey spans several years so do your due diligence on the types of PhDs being offered in your specific subject area or specialized topic. Having the complete picture, with the pros and cons considered, will ensure you have a strong foundation when finding the right PhD program.

4. Seek advice from supervisors and peers

When figuring out how to choose a PhD program, it is always a good idea to meet with potential supervisors and peers and seek their inputs on your proposed topic and plans for research. Supervisors who have expertise in your chosen field will be able to provide you with valuable insights on the potential of your research, how well it addresses existing gaps in knowledge, and can guide you on how to move forward with your research. They may also be able to identify and flag off any overlaps between your proposed research ideas and ongoing research projects by others in the PhD programs. Interacting with peers will give you a good idea of what to expect and how to pick a PhD program, which will give you’re a more informed perspective and help you with finding the right PhD program for your field.

5. Find out more about the institution’s reputation

When choosing a PhD program, it is essential to understand thereputation of the institution you are considering for your PhD. This involves doing some research on the institution’s academic achievements, faculty member expertise, resource availability and cultural environment and where it ranks for your subject area. Doing this prework is critical in finding the right PhD program as your decision can determine the kind of the education you receive, future career prospects, and even networking opportunities. Be sure to visit the campus, meet the faculty members, and alumni to get an idea on whether the institution provides all of the tools and resources you will need, including the freedom to work on what you are truly passionate about.

6. Check on available funding

One of the key considerations when struggling with how to choose a PhD program is looking at the funding opportunities. Gaining a PhD can be expensive, and many students rely on financial aid, scholarships, grants, or fellowships to cover their tuition, living expenses, and research costs. Therefore, it is important to choose a PhD program that offers adequate funding options, which can provide you with adequate financial support throughout your program. This can often be the deciding factor when it comes to completing of quitting your PhD degree, so cover your bases and make sure you have the resources you need to reach the finish line and earn your PhD degree.

7. Ensure alignment with your professional goals

Finally, when finding the right PhD program for yourself don’t forget to think about your professional goals. Seeing the larger picture helps you answer the difficult question of how to choose a PhD program; knowing the type of training, research experience, and networking opportunities you need to succeed will help you make the right choice. For example, if you want to pursue a career in academia, you should choose a PhD program that encourages teaching experience, requires research publications, and facilitates networking opportunities with other scholars in your field.

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How to choose a graduate program.

Choosing a graduate program is a strategic decision that requires careful research and planning. In addition to the abundance of choices in today’s market, there are many factors to consider: career goals, lifestyle, passions and core values, finances and, of course, your particular area of interest.

The fact-finding and decision-making can be overwhelming. Many prospective students set out looking for the top programs but aren’t clear on the criteria that sets those programs apart. The following framework may help you clarify your goals and enable you to find the best graduate program to enroll in.

What’s my “why”?

Graduate school means a large time commitment and, in most cases, a substantial financial investment as well. The cost in terms of time and money is typically offset by students’ passion and commitment. A graduate degree can also lead to higher pay, promotion, and professional leverage . If you are interested in an advanced degree but aren’t yet sure of the exact right path for you, try taking an inventory of your goals and passions. Ask yourself: 

• What do I hope to achieve through an advanced education?
• What are my career aspirations? If this process has you contemplating your vocation, it may be helpful to take a step back and consider going through the process of designing your career . 
• Are you passionate about your studies?

The effort you put into defining your “why” may also help you to form an outline for any future statement of purpose you submit with your graduate school applications. Institutions want to understand your motivations and what is driving you to further your education through graduate studies. You may be able to define your unique experience and background that will fuel your own motivation but may set you apart as a candidate. Being clear about your “why” will help you before, during and after a program to stay on track with the goals you set out to achieve.

Different credentials for different goals

Depending on your interests and goals, you may be looking for a master’s degree, a doctoral degree, a certificate program , or other professional degree. Each type of credential comes with its own structure, duration and investment. You can narrow down the options by considering criteria such as: 

• What sort of credential is best in my field?
• How much time do you want to commit towards your studies?
• Within a given program, what will my area of focus be?
• What are your lifestyle, goals, and career objectives and which credential will help get you there?

Compare the programs accordingly using your top factors. For example, if you are a working professional with less time to commit to a program, a flexible certificate program might suit you better than a master’s degree . Students looking for the most comprehensive and prestigious program of study might be better served by a master’s degree. 

A closer look at costs and benefits

The financial investment of graduate education typically plays a significant role in which program is selected. If your employer assists with the payment of part or all of your program, you may have additional flexibility on cost. If you’ll be paying out of your own pocket, make sure you fully understand the cost of tuition (plus any associated fees).  Federal student aid is available for many graduate programs, but you should be fully aware of what comes with accruing student loan debt . Depending on your field and the school, scholarships and/or funding might be possible for promising students. Weigh the cost of graduate education against potential advancement and future benefits you may receive as a result. If you’re looking for specific numbers, the Education Data Initiative has helpful resources on their website.

For the most up to date information about Stanford Online graduate programs costs and financial aid, visit our graduate certificate and master’s degree tuition pages.

Where to look for a graduate program

When you’ve established your goals and the type of program that will best meet them, look for specific programs in your field of interest.  It can be helpful to check out:

• Industry journals or publications, online databases , professional associations and networks, alumni organizations and word-of-mouth recommendations. 
• Talk to your mentors and to seek out advice from people you admire who have gone through similar programs. 

What to look for from a grad program

As you start your search, familiarize yourself with these five graduate school essential comparisons:

• Accreditation: An institution is “ accredited ” if an outside authority (both governmental and non-governmental accrediting entities exist) has determined the institution meets and maintains certain standards. Accreditation matters because many employers will only acknowledge a degree or certificate from an accredited program. In order to qualify for government financial aid, you must be enrolled in an accredited program. There are different types of accreditation for different programs on both regional and national levels. You can check the accreditation status of any graduate program by checking databases such as CHEA (Council for Higher Education Accreditation) or USDE (U.S. Department of Education). 
• Duration: Graduate education looks different in nearly every field and some programs take many years to complete while others such as graduate certificate programs can be completed within one year. Make sure you’re looking for a program whose duration makes sense for you. If you choose to pursue a part-time program, the time to complete will most likely increase.
• When, where and how are classes delivered?
• Will you be learning on campus or remotely?
• Evening-only classes?
• Are classes fully online, fully in-person or offered in hybrid modes? 

Many universities are changing their course delivery modes , so make sure you find a program that works for your learning style. Typically graduate programs are available in the following 4 formats:

• In-Person, Full Time
• In-Person, Part Time
• Online, Full Time
• Online, Part Time

Each format can have pros and cons but one isn’t superior to another. Ultimately each style of program can earn you the exact same credential from an institution. For example, at Stanford a graduate degree in Management Science and Engineering can be completed online or on campus and each student earns the same Master of Science in Management Science and Engineering from Stanford University.

• Faculty: Check faculty profiles on program websites. Or, if you admire the work of someone in particular, find out where they teach. In researching faculty, you’re looking for experts in your area of interest who have a solid and active record of achievements (publications, patents, presentations, professional successes, etc). Ideally, they will also be able to provide students with valuable contacts and networking opportunities.
• Curriculum: Choose a program whose curriculum meets your unique needs by increasing your knowledge or skills, or developing expertise on a topic. You can learn more about the course of study you’d be signing up for by exploring an institution’s online course catalog or program website . Look for the overview of the curriculum needed to graduate (sometimes called the “Program of Study”) as well as course descriptions for all required courses. Some programs allow students to pursue an area of focus or specialization and get on a more focused path of study. For example, when students pursuing a Master of Science in Computer Science at Stanford University can choose from 9 different specializations. This allows students to take more courses in one area within a field.

Deep dive with your top 5 choices

After you’ve completed your basic research, narrow your list of possible programs to around five or fewer. Target your top choices with active knowledge-gathering and outreach such as:

• Contact the program staff directly if you have any questions to gain clarification about requirements or availability. Many institutions offer informational interviews, webinars or 1:1 sessions to discuss program specifics.
• Locate potential faculty mentors. Email them and ask for more info.  Or, even better, arrange for informational interviews to get a sense of what working with this person might be like. Ask about their curriculum—which classes do they teach and why? Do they expect any major changes to the program of study in the near future? What makes an ideal student? What have their students gone on to do with their degrees? 
• Seek out current and former students. Ask lots of questions.  What challenges have they faced?  What successes have they achieved? What’s their advice for any prospective student? Many institutions publish student testimonials or spotlights from people who are already enrolled or have completed the program. Reading through these can be helpful validation to determine if their experience and outcomes align with what you’re seeking.

No matter what your educational and career goals, the Stanford Center for Professional Development and Stanford Online are here to help. Program specifics can vary or change, so be sure to verify with your department. Check out our additional resources on our website or reach out to us for help getting started!

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How to Choose a PhD Program That is the Right Fit for You?

Discover expert tips to find the perfect PhD program. Learn how to choose one that aligns with your goals, interests, and career aspirations

Amethyst Rayne

Jun 24, 2024

Photo by RDNE Stock project on Pexels

Choosing a PhD program is a pivotal decision that can shape the trajectory of your academic and professional life. Whether you're driven by a passion for research, aiming for a career in academia, or seeking to advance in a specific field, selecting the right doctoral program requires careful consideration and planning. This guide aims to provide a comprehensive framework to help you navigate this important decision-making process effectively.

Understanding Your Goals and Research Interests

Before delving into the specifics of various PhD programs, it's essential to have a clear understanding of your personal and professional goals. Ask yourself:

• Career Goals : What do you envision yourself doing after completing your PhD? Are you aiming for a career in academia, industry, government, or non-profit sectors?
• Research Interests : What specific areas of research are you passionate about? Have you identified key research questions or topics you want to explore during your doctoral studies?

Having a solid grasp of your goals and interests will provide a foundation for evaluating potential PhD programs.

Research Potential Programs

Once you have clarified your goals, the next step is to research potential PhD programs that align with your interests. Here are some steps to guide you through this process:

• Types of PhD Programs : Understand the different types of doctoral degrees available. While the PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) is the most common, there are also professional doctorates (e.g., Doctor of Education, Doctor of Psychology ) that cater to specific professions. Consider which type of program best suits your career aspirations and research interests.
• Program Reputation and Ranking : Investigate the reputation and ranking of the programs you're interested in. While rankings shouldn't be the sole determinant, they can provide insights into the program's academic quality, research output, and recognition within the field.
• Faculty Expertise: Review the faculty profiles and research areas of the graduate programs. Look for faculty members whose research aligns closely with your own interests. A strong connection with potential supervisors can greatly enhance your doctoral experience and research outcomes.
• Program Curriculum : Evaluate the curriculum and coursework offered by each program. Consider whether the coursework will provide you with the necessary theoretical foundation and methodological skills to conduct your research project effectively.

Easily pronounces technical words in any field

Assessing Program Fit

Choosing a PhD program that is the right fit involves evaluating several key factors beyond academic reputation:

• Financial Considerations : Assess the financial aspects of each program, including tuition costs, available scholarships , fellowships, and assistantship opportunities. Consider the cost of living in the program's location and how financial support aligns with your needs.
• Campus Visit and Environment for PhD Students : Whenever possible, visit the campuses of the graduate programs you are considering. This allows you to immerse yourself in the academic environment, interact with faculty and current students , and assess the facilities available for research. Pay attention to the campus culture and whether it feels conducive to your academic and personal growth.

Understanding the student life on campus is also critical. PhD programs can be isolating, and it’s important to consider the social and community aspects of the program. Is there a support system for students? Are there opportunities for collaboration and networking within your department or across different disciplines? The overall environment can play a significant role in your ability to thrive during your studies.

Application Process and Requirements

Each PhD program has its own application process and requirements. To navigate this stage effectively, consider the following:

• Application Deadlines : Be aware of the application deadlines for each program and plan your timeline accordingly. Early preparation is key to submitting a strong application.
• Personal Statement or Research Proposal : Craft a compelling personal statement or research proposal that highlights your academic background, research interests, and reasons for choosing that specific program. Clearly articulate how your research project aligns with the program's strengths and faculty expertise.
• Letters of Recommendation : Secure letters of recommendation from professors, mentors, or supervisors who can speak to your academic abilities, research potential, and suitability for doctoral study.

Considering Your Career Aspirations

A PhD is not only an academic pursuit but also a stepping stone to various career paths. Consider how the program will support your career aspirations:

• Academic vs. Non-Academic Careers : Evaluate the program's track record in preparing students for both academic and non-academic careers. Look for opportunities for professional development, networking, and internships that align with your career goals as a PhD student.
• **Professional Development: **Investigate whether the program offers workshops, seminars, or conferences that enhance your professional skills and broaden your network within your field of study as a PhD student.

Making Your Decision

After thorough research and evaluation, the time comes to make your decision. Here are some final considerations:

• Reflect on Your Research : Reflect on the insights gained from campus visits, conversations with faculty and current students, and your overall research into each program. Consider how each program aligns with your academic and personal aspirations.
• Trust Your Instincts : Trust your instincts when choosing a PhD program. Consider factors beyond rankings and reputation, such as your comfort level with the faculty, the program's resources, and the overall fit with your research interests and career goals; assess if the program is the right fit for you.
• Prepare Mentally and Emotionally : Prepare yourself mentally and emotionally for the challenges and rewards of pursuing a PhD. Understand that doctoral studies require dedication, resilience, and a passion for your research topic.

Choosing the right PhD program is a transformative decision that can significantly impact your future career and scholarly contributions. By taking the time to clarify your goals, research potential programs, assess fit, and navigate the application process effectively, you can embark on a rewarding doctoral journey that aligns with your passions and aspirations.

In conclusion, remember that the journey towards a PhD is not just about acquiring knowledge but also about making an original contribution to your field of study and humanity at large. Choose a program that not only supports your academic growth but also nurtures your professional development and personal fulfillment. With careful planning and thoughtful decision-making, you can find a PhD program that is the perfect fit for your intellectual pursuits and career ambitions.

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How to Choose a Graduate Program

Choosing a graduate program can be daunting. This guide will provide insight on how to get started.

Lian Parsons

The first step is deciding to pursue a graduate degree. The second step is choosing one. This process can be intimidating, but this guide will walk you through how to choose a graduate program and how to set yourself up for success.

Taking the next step in your education journey means making a commitment to yourself and to your future. With so many graduate schools to choose from, it can be difficult to know what the best option is for you. 

Deciding whether or not to go to graduate school in the first place can be challenging to figure out. Graduate certificates are also an option for those who want to hone a specific skill set and — in many cases — can be completed along the way to a master’s degree. 

According to the National Center for Education Statistics , enrollment in master’s and doctoral programs is on the rise and is projected to be 6 percent higher in 2030 than in 2020 (3.3 million vs. 3.1 million students, respectively).

This blog post will offer a few tips on how to choose a graduate program that fits both your goals and your lifestyle, as well as what will help set you on the pathway to success.

Why pursue a graduate degree?

Before beginning the process of applying to graduate school, take some time to figure out what you want to get out of the graduate school experience. 

Whether you’re looking to open up your career prospects, gain new professional skills and connections, or return to academia to develop yourself personally, having a solid “why” in mind can help you clarify your next steps.

“While a new career path may reveal itself as a result of graduate study, don’t rely on it if you’re unsure about what you want to do next in life or you aren’t happy in your current job,” says Kimberly Parke, executive director of pre-degree advising, recruitment, and admissions at Harvard Extension School. “Instead, spend time in self-reflection, and engage in research about all possible options, including informal interviews with people in jobs and fields that seem interesting to you.”

Once you do figure out that “why,” the value a graduate degree can bring can go far beyond the individual.

“The difference you’ll be able to make in your community with your new skills and connections, the impact you’ll have on your friends and family through modeling the discipline and responsibility it takes to complete a program, and the confidence you’ll gain for all those same reasons and more are invaluable,” adds Parke.

What factors should you consider when choosing a graduate program?

When thinking about how to choose a graduate program, there are multiple elements to consider, according to Amanda Peters, director of Harvard Extension School career advising and programming.

“Each person really needs to prioritize what matters to them and what will allow them to be successful. Find what holds the most value and what is the priority and all the rest of the evaluation is going to be based on that,” says Peters. “You want to make sure you’re going to be able to commit to following through on the program.”

The most personal part of choosing a graduate school is taking stock of what’s most important to you. These priorities can be broken down into a few main categories. 

Career Goals and Personal Interests 

Consider whether or not the program will help you advance in your career. Additionally, reflect on your personal passion for your chosen industry and whether or not you see yourself in this field long term.

Lifestyle and Program Format 

Most adults who are working full time in addition to balancing family responsibilities likely do not have time to take two to three years off to complete a graduate degree program. You may find online classes or alternate class schedules work best for you. 

Program Qualifications and Requirements 

Once you’ve identified some graduate programs that interest you, you’ll need to research whether you meet the qualifications for admissions. You’ll also want to know exactly what requirements you’ll need to meet to graduate.

Some programs, for example, may require you to take an entrance exam; others, like Harvard Extension School , may require that you successfully complete a course or two.

Most graduate programs will have both admissions qualifications and graduation requirements listed on their websites. You can also contact each school’s graduate admissions office directly for more clarity. 

Having a range of options when applying can also be beneficial in providing you greater choice later on in the process. 

Resources for Support 

Reach out to the individual graduate schools for more information about resources such as internship and research opportunities, academic support and tutoring, networking outlets, career services , and childcare options if you’re a parent.

Location and Cost of Living 

If you’re not able to move to attend school in person, or if the location is simply financially inaccessible, find out if the graduate program offers online degrees. 

Some online graduate programs may require that you take some percentage of your courses on campus. Be sure to verify whether there is a residency requirement and, if there is, whether you will realistically be able to complete it.

Tuition and Financial Aid Options 

Graduate school is a hefty investment, so take your time to understand the full cost of the program and how it fits into your budget. You’ll want to find program options that are comfortable for you.

As Julie Lonergan, associate director of pre-degree advising and admissions of Harvard Extension School advises, “Research your options for financial aid, grants and loans, and ask your employer about tuition reimbursement opportunities. Be creative when you search for scholarships and fellowships, as you may find ones associated with your field of study, your geographic location, your industry, and more.” 

Educating yourself about financial aid options is also an important piece of the puzzle.

Explore Graduate Degrees at Harvard Extension School.

How do you determine the quality of a good graduate program?

Deciding what to prioritize when selecting a graduate school is a process that is individual to each graduate student, but there are several common factors to take into account. 

Quality of Faculty and Instructors 

“Whatever your ultimate goal may be, learning from faculty at the top of their fields or with extensive academic and research experience will help set you up for success,” says Lonergan.

Graduate faculty and instructors should teach a curriculum that is up-to-date and provides you with the knowledge you need to be successful on your next steps.

Students Access to Faculty/Resources 

Contact graduate schools to find information about the average class size, as well as information on what resources each grad school provides to help graduate students succeed, such as career support, mentorship opportunities, professional development, and advising. Most graduate schools will also have this information posted on their websites.

On-Campus Facilities   

For answers about facilities, reach out to those who had the opportunities to use them the most: current graduate students or recent alumni.

Social media groups are also a good source for honest insights into campus life and facilities, such as libraries, research labs, classrooms, and online spaces.

Social Environment 

Look up the demographics of the graduate student population, faculty members, and administration, which can often be found on school websites. Speaking with current grad students or alumni is also an opportunity to find out what kind of student tends to be attracted to each particular graduate school or program.

Alumni Career Paths 

Peters suggests finding alumni via platforms like LinkedIn to find out their trajectories post-graduation. If their stories inspire you, that’s a positive sign the graduate program may be a good fit for you as well. 

School websites will also often include profiles on current grad students and alumni , which can give you a sense of their academic experiences and career outcomes. 

Many alums are eager to share their experiences. Don’t hesitate to reach out to alumni in your prospective field as part of your research into a specific graduate program.

Is support available to help students choose the right graduate program?

One thing prospective graduate students should know is they are not alone. There is a large range of sources from which to gain insight into how to choose a graduate program and help you narrow down your search. 

Professional associations, alumni associations, current students and faculty, school admissions offices, and industry newsletters are all great resources to find out more about the programs you’re researching.  

Enrollment coaches are also specifically and uniquely positioned to help throughout the journey of how to choose a graduate program and to ensure that you get the most out of your experience.

“Learning is about inquiry, in all its forms, so as a student whose job it is to learn, seek answers and ask for help,” says Parke. “If there’s one place where you’re expected to do that, it’s at a school!”

How do I know if grad school is right for me?

Pursuing a graduate degree program is an incredible undertaking, but one that has the potential to launch a new career trajectory, connect you with fellow like-minded students, faculty, and alumni who are rooting for your success, and help you discover who you are — and who you’re going to be.

Explore all undergraduate and graduate programs at Harvard Extension School.

About the Author

Lian Parsons is a Boston-based writer and journalist. She is currently a digital content producer at Harvard’s Division of Continuing Education. Her bylines can be found at the Harvard Gazette, Boston Art Review, Radcliffe Magazine, Experience Magazine, and iPondr.

Preparing for Graduate School: Advice for New Student Success

The idea of going back to graduate school as a working adult presents both opportunities and challenges. Here are a few tips for setting yourself up for success in graduate school and beyond.

Harvard Division of Continuing Education

The Division of Continuing Education (DCE) at Harvard University is dedicated to bringing rigorous academics and innovative teaching capabilities to those seeking to improve their lives through education. We make Harvard education accessible to lifelong learners from high school to retirement.

How to Choose the Right Graduate School

Are you trying to decide whether graduate school is the right choice for you? Or which graduate program is the best fit? This section provides information and advice on choosing the right graduate school and program for you.

1. Decide whether you want to pursue a master’s or a Ph.D.

Master’s and Ph.D. programs vary greatly in their areas of focus, the amount of financial support, and the time commitment. Choosing the right program means finding the right balance between career plans, monetary cost, and opportunity cost. Here is some guidance to help you make that decision. 

2. Identify what to look for in a graduate program

Once you know which degree you want to pursue, you should draw up a list of key criteria for the kind of program you are looking for. This includes obvious factors such as an institution’s reputation, the academic rigor of the curriculum, and the quality of the faculty. You should, however, also look at factors such as how well the program fits your goals, the culture of the department and campus, and the vibe of the surrounding community. We have compiled a list of things to consider when evaluating a graduate program. 

3. Collect information about the programs you are interested in

Once you know what to look for, start collecting information. Common sources include your undergraduate faculty, current students and faculty in the programs of interest, as well as online sources. Check out our list of resources to consult and a spreadsheet we have created to help you take notes.

4. Prepare a strong graduate school application

Once you have narrowed your list of programs, it’s time to make your application as good as it can be. Think carefully about how to present yourself in your personal statement and whom to request recommendations from. You will also need to prepare for the admissions interview, if there is one. Check out our guide and a list of tips from Duke graduate students and faculty.

Tips and Tools

Advice on Applying to Graduate School

Tips and insights from Duke graduate students and faculty on what to do and what to avoid.

Things to Consider

A checklist of various factors in evaluating a graduate program's fit for you. Download the table (Word) and use it to take notes as you do your research.

Questions to Ask

Some questions you should ask about student support and funding during your campus visit or interview.

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How to Pick the Right PhD Program

Picking the right PhD program isn’t like choosing between pour-over or latte, paper or plastic, half-and-half or heavy cream. It’s a major investment, a significant period of time, and a major career direction.

How do you know you’re picking the right PhD program? Here are a few questions to ask yourself to help you narrow down your search.

Is it compatible with your professional goals?

Sometimes a Ph.D. program may look attractive because of the coursework, or faculty, or location, but in the end, you have to ask yourself if that Ph.D. will advance your career in the direction that you want to take. If it doesn’t, then it might be time to look elsewhere to make sure you choose the right Ph.D. to match your needs or maybe a different professional direction altogether.

What research options are available?

Research is a key part of a Ph.D. program, and the work you do as part of your Ph.D. program can help your career get off on a solid footing. Take your time and ask questions as you analyze the research opportunities that will be part of your Ph.D. program. Visit the campus, meet your professors, and dig deep to see if you’ll have all of the tools and resources you need at your disposal, including the freedom to research what you are truly passionate about.

What’s the reputation of the faculty?

You’ll be spending the lion’s share of your time being guided by the faculty, so do all you can to make sure they’re the kind of scholars and mentors you want to influence your work and your career. Sites like Rate My Professors tend to be skewed and focus on personality alone, so be sure to spend most of your research time looking at faculty CVs, publications, research records and areas of interest to ensure that your potential teachers match up with your research goals.

What funding is available?

Funding is a big factor that can influence your choice for the right Ph.D. program. Fellowship and assistantship offers can even make it your #1 factor. Turning to loans to fund your graduate studies is a big decision that will influence the rest of your life, so do your due diligence to find out how you can save money and obtain funding. Check out our guide to “scholarships” for grad school.

How long will it take?

Chances are you have career and family factors to consider, and you probably can’t put it all on “pause” to get your Ph.D. How long do you want to keep studying? How can you balance your current job situation with a Ph.D. program? Asking yourself these kinds of questions will help steer you towards choosing the right Ph.D. program.

Are students happy, graduating, and finding jobs?

Current grad students in the program and those who have recently graduated can also be an important asset to you. Don’t be afraid to reach out to them. Ask about their grad school experiences, find out whether they’re happy with the program and faculty, research support and teaching opportunities, and prep for the job market. Find out too if they’re getting jobs, and where they’re ending up after graduation. They were once in your shoes and knowing about their experiences can help you choose the right Ph.D. program.

Find the Right PhD for You!

Learn more about PhD programs at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette.

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2024 Best Grad Schools in the United States for Doctorate Degrees

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• PhD in USA – A Guide for 2024/25
• Finding a PhD

A PhD in USA takes approximately 5 – 6 years of full-time study and can cost between $12,000 – $45,000 per academic year. PhD programs in USA differ from that in the UK and Europe in that students must first take taught classes, coursework and exams before starting their research project.

Why Do a PhD in USA?

The United States has long had some of the most distinguished universities and advanced PhD programmes in the world. Combined with curriculum flexibility, rigorous teaching methods, vast funding opportunities, breathtaking campuses and significant career prospects, it’s no wonder that it is one of the most sought-after study destinations for research students.

In addition to comprehensive training standards, here are a few other reasons why a student may choose to undertake their PhD in the United States:

• Longer learning timeframes – A PhD in the US lasts longer than a PhD in the UK or Europe. This allows students to more confidently transition from undergraduate to postgraduate studies; more commonly referred to as ‘graduate studies’ in the US. This gives you the opportunity to learn more about your subject, research methods and academic writing in general before starting your research project.
• World-class universities – It’s no secret that some of the most well-known higher education institutions that continue to dominate global rankings are based in the United States. Although many factors go into determining whether a position is right for you, a PhD at a high-ranking American university will undeniably have many benefits, from excellent learning standards to access to innovative equipment and deep expertise.
• International network – The US has long been a popular choice among PhD students around the world. As such, the US hosts a diverse and multicultural learning environment in which many research students will quickly feel at home.
• Opportunities – With over 4,000 universities in the US, we can safely say you will have plenty of opportunities to find the ideal combination of project, supervisor and university that works for you.

Universities in USA

Universities in the United States can be divided into two types: public universities and private universities.

Public universities are financed by the state in which they are based. Because of this, public universities charge less for students from within the state and more for students from outside the state, including international students.

Private universities are not financed by their state, but by private donors, research funds and tuition fees. For this reason, private universities generally charge higher tuition fees than public universities and require all students to pay the same amount, regardless of whether they come from out-of-state or abroad.

According to the Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2024 , eight of the top ten universities in the world are located in the United States. These are:

Method of Study

The main difference between a PhD in the US and a PhD in Europe lies in the program structure. Whereas a European PhD essentially consists of a single phase lasting three to four years , an American PhD consists of three different phases, each with its own time frame.

• Phase One – The first phase lasts approximately two years and focuses on building a basic foundation for the doctoral student. This phase consists largely of taught components such as lectures, tutorials and laboratory sessions, in which the student learns more about theoretical concepts and research methods within their discipline.
• Phase Two – The second phase can be considered an assessment phase, which runs both periodically alongside and at the end of the first phase. Here, students complete coursework and take exams on the basis of the material they have covered of which they must pass in order to proceed to the third phase.
• Phase Three – The third phase lasts approximately three years and resembles the European PhD structure. During this period, the student undertakes an independent research project, including forming a research design, conducting experiments, writing a thesis (more commonly referred to in the USA as a dissertation) and sitting a viva exam.

Teaching Requirements

Besides structure, a key difference between a PhD program in the US and in Europe is the focus on teaching requirements. In the US, doctoral students are expected to lecture, lead tutorials, host laboratory sessions, mark coursework and provide office hours for undergraduate students. Although students studying in European will likely contribute to these at some point during their study, this would normally be on a voluntary basis and involve less time commitment.

Research Flexibility

Another difference is project flexibility. In Europe, students typically apply to a PhD project predetermined by a supervisor, and although there may be some scope to adapt the project, depending on the funding provider , it will usually be limited to how the project is carried out rather than what it is about. In the US, however, a student applies to become a doctoral candidate within a department rather than applying for a particular research project. This is because students are expected to decide on their thesis topic (also commonly referred to as a dissertation research topic) near the end of their first phase after they have developed a better understanding of their subject and know where their interests lie. Therefore, research students in the US generally have more flexibility and influence in the direction of their research than students in the United Kingdom or Europe.

PhD Admission Requirements in USA

PhD admission into US universities can be highly competitive, both because of the limited number of positions and the large number of annual applicants.

The eligibility requirements for a doctoral program in the USA can generally be divided into four sections:

• Grade Point Average ( GPA ) – in the US, a scoring system known as Grade Point Average is used to measure academic ability. A student’s GPA is calculated as a weighted score of the subjects they study during their undergraduate degree; an equivalent score is calculated by universities for international applicants. Although universities rarely set minimum GPA requirements for doctoral study, it’s worth being aware that a GPA of 3.0 is equivalent to a UK second class honours (2:1); the typical entry requirement for UK universities.
• Graduate Records Exam (GRE) – most universities will require you to take a series of examinations known as Graduate Records Exams, which are used to determine your suitability for graduate study. GREs will assess your analytical, reasoning and critical thinking skills as well as your depth of your subject.
• Student aptitude – in addition to academic ability, US universities also look for characteristics of a strong researcher. These include traits such as engaging in the subject in your own time, e.g. by attending talks and conferences, demonstrating a high degree of independence and enthusiasm, and a general passion for your subject.
• English Language Proficiency – international students whose first language is not English must sit language exams such as IELTS or TOELF to demonstrate their English language proficiency.

International students will also require a F1 student visa in order to study in the US, however, you would typically apply for this after you have secured a place into a doctorate program.

How to Apply for PhD in USA

When applying for a PhD position at a graduate school, the application process will differ between universities, however, they will all typically ask for the following:

• Academic CV – a short document summarising your educational background and current level of experience .
• Personal statement – a document which outlines why you believe you are suitable for PhD study and your passion for the subject.
• Academic transcripts – a complete breakdown of the modules and their respective marks you have taken as part of your previous/current degree.
• GRE scores – a transcript of your Graduate Records Exam results.
• Research statement – a condensed version of a research proposal outlining your general research interests, if required.
• Recommendation letters – references from several academic referees who endorse your qualities as a person, your abilities as a student and your potential as a doctoral researcher.

Application Deadlines and Fees

Since PhD programs in the United States have taught components, they commence at the same time as all other taught degrees, and therefore share the same application deadlines and start dates. This corresponds to an application period that typically begins in August and ends in February. Admission decisions are typically made in April, with successful students starting in August/September.

When you apply to a graduate school, you will be expected to pay a fee for each doctorate application to cover the school’s administrative costs for processing your application. The fee varies from university to university, but typically ranges from $50 to $100 .

Funding your PhD in USA

It’s very common for a PhD student to receive financial aid in the form of a PhD scholarship; in fact, this will be the case for the vast majority of students in the US.

PhD funding can be ‘fully funded’ covering the student’s graduate program tuition fees, accommodation and living costs, or ‘partially funded’ covering the student’s tuition fee only in part or full.

Besides funding, a graduate student can take on an assistantship, such as a graduate teaching assistant or research assistant, in which they take on a part-time salaried position at the university alongside their studies.

Due to the international and collaborate nature of American universities, there are also a number of international scholarships available, such as the Fulbright Scholarship and the AAUW International Fellowship .

PhD Duration in USA

In the US, a PhD takes approximately 5 – 6 years to complete if studying full-time, and 8 – 10 years if studying part-time.

If you already have a Master’s degree, your first phase can be shortened by one year at the discretion of the university.

Cost of a PhD in USA

The cost of a PhD program in the US can vary considerably depending on the type of university, i.e. whether it’s a public or private university, the doctoral course, i.e. whether it’s in a STEM subject such as computer science, engineering or a non-STEM subject, and whether you are a home or international student.

In general, however, the typical annual tuition fee for a PhD in the US is between $12,000 and $45,000 per academic year.

As with any doctoral degree, additional costs may include travel for collaborations, bench fees, accommodation and living expenses.

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• Best Online Doctoral Programs

Best Online Doctoral Programs Of 2024

Updated: Apr 23, 2024, 1:42pm

The best online doctoral programs offer flexibility and convenience that can make it easier for you to pursue an advanced degree, often while working full time.

Earning a doctorate can help you advance to the highest roles in your field and increase your salary potential. It’s also a chance for you to gain an advanced understanding of impactful issues and develop the skills to generate new ideas, solve problems and create meaningful change.

Below, learn about the best online doctoral programs in a variety of fields, including social work, psychology, education and nursing.

Why You Can Trust Forbes Advisor Education

Forbes Advisor’s education editors are committed to producing unbiased rankings and informative articles covering online colleges, tech bootcamps and career paths. Our ranking methodologies use data from the National Center for Education Statistics , education providers, and reputable educational and professional organizations. An advisory board of educators and other subject matter experts reviews and verifies our content to bring you trustworthy, up-to-date information. Advertisers do not influence our rankings or editorial content.

• Over 3,868 accredited, nonprofit colleges and universities analyzed nationwide
• 52 reputable tech bootcamp providers evaluated for our rankings
• All content is fact-checked and updated on an annual basis
• Rankings undergo five rounds of fact-checking
• Only 7.12% of all colleges, universities and bootcamp providers we consider are awarded

Our Methodology

We ranked accredited, nonprofit colleges offering online doctoral degree programs in the U.S. using metrics in the categories of student experience, credibility, student outcomes and affordability. We pulled data for these categories from reliable resources such as the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System ; private, third-party data sources; and individual school and program websites.

We scored schools based on the following data points:

Student Experience:

• Student-to-faculty ratio
• Socioeconomic diversity
• Availability of online coursework
• Total number of graduate assistants
• Portion of graduate students enrolled in at least some distance education

Credibility:

• Fully accredited
• Programmatic accreditation status
• Nonprofit status

Student Outcomes:

• Overall graduation rate
• Median earnings 10 years after graduation

Affordability:

• In-state graduate student tuition and fees
• Alternative tuition plans offered
• Median federal student loan debt
• Student loan default rate

We chose the best schools to display in 10 categories of doctoral degrees.

Find our full list of methodologies here .

• Best Online Colleges With A 100% Acceptance Rate
• Best HBCUs With Online Degrees
• Best Online Colleges
• Best Online Master's Programs
• What Are The Best Online Public Universities

Best Online Doctoral Program Options

Should you enroll in an online ph.d. program or doctorate, accreditation for online doctoral degrees, how to find the right online doctorate for you, frequently asked questions (faqs) about online ph.d. programs and doctorates.

• Best online Psy.D.: Rivier University
• Best online Doctor of Nursing Practice: University of Central Florida
• Best online Doctor of Business Administration: Walsh College
• Best online doctorate in physical therapy: Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center
• Best online doctorate in education: Johns Hopkins University
• Best online Ph.D. in organizational leadership: Indiana Wesleyan University
• Best online Ph.D. in counseling: Concordia University-Irvine
• Best online Doctor of Social Work: University of Southern California
• Best online Ph.D. in public administration: West Chester University of Pennsylvania
• Best online doctorate in educational leadership: Fairfield University

Best Online Psy.D.

Rivier university.

Program Tuition Rate

$1,275/credit

Percentage of Grad Students Enrolled in Distance Education

Overall Graduation Rate

Located in Nashua, New Hampshire, Rivier University offers a hybrid Doctor of Psychology (Psy.D.) with a limited number of online classes. The American Psychology Association-accredited program focuses on school psychology and counseling and prepares you to work as a psychologist in various environments. You’ll learn clinical diagnosis, assessment, prevention and intervention skills.

Students must attend full time and can work no more than 20 hours per week. It takes a minimum of five years to graduate.

• Our Flexibility Rating: Learn on a set schedule
• School Type: Private
• Application Fee: $100
• Degree Credit Requirements: 60-130 credits
• Program Enrollment Options: Full-time
• Example Major-Specific Courses: Fundamentals of research, group counseling
• Concentrations Available: N/A
• In-Person Requirements: Yes, includes a 2,000-hour internship and at least six practicum experiences

Best Doctor of Nursing Practice

University of central florida.

$372/credit (in-state)

At University of Central Florida (UCF), practicing nurses can earn a Doctor of Nursing Practice. The advanced track program is accredited by the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education and prepares nurses for clinical leadership roles in the field.

Coursework explores clinical management, communication skills and epidemiology principles. You’ll develop research and practice skills, learn to improve healthcare systems, develop health policy and analyze data to improve individual and population health.

• Our Flexibility Rating: Learn around your 9-to-5
• School Type: Public
• Application Fee: $30
• Degree Credit Requirements: 42 credits
• Program Enrollment Options: Part-time, full-time
• Example Major-Specific Courses: Healthcare systems and policy, nursing environment management
• In-Person Requirements: Yes, includes clinical hours (but all coursework is available online)

Best Doctor of Business Administration

Walsh college.

$1,038/credit

You can earn an online Doctor of Business Administration from Walsh College in Troy, Michigan. The part-time, online program includes asynchronous coursework and real-time Zoom classes, as well as optional opportunities to interact on campus. You can develop advanced business knowledge and skills to become a business leader or consultant.

In addition to coursework, you must pass a preliminary exam and complete a 15-credit dissertation process. The program requires students to graduate within seven years.

• Application Fee: $50
• Degree Credit Requirements: 60 credits
• Program Enrollment Options: Part-time
• Example Major-Specific Courses: Foundations for business success, qualitative and exploratory research methods
• In-Person Requirements: No

Best Doctorate in Physical Therapy

Texas tech university health sciences center.

$265/credit (in-state)

Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center designed its hybrid Doctor of Science in physical therapy to help practicing physical therapists advance their careers. The post-professional 36-credit program takes four to five years to complete part time.

The flexible format makes it possible for students to keep working while attending school. Learners attend weekend lectures and labs at the Lubbock, Texas, campus. During the week, they supplement their in-person instruction with online assignments.

• Application Fee: $75
• Degree Credit Requirements: 36 credits
• Example Major-Specific Courses: Medical screening for rehabilitation sciences, motor control in orthopedics
• Concentrations Available: Research track, teaching track
• In-Person Requirements: Yes

Best Online Doctorate in Education

Johns hopkins university.

$2,100/credit

Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland offers an online Ed.D. The part-time degree takes four years to complete and explores topics like the social determinants of education, entrepreneurship and technology.

You can customize the degree by choosing electives that align with your professional interests and by selecting one or more “areas of interest,” such as urban leadership or digital age learning and educational technology. Applicants need a master’s degree with at least 36 graduate credits to qualify for the program.

• Application Fee: $80
• Degree Credit Requirements: 54 credits
• Example Major-Specific Courses: Approaches to urban education, partnerships and community organizing
• Concentrations Available: Creativity, advanced learning, and twice exceptionality; digital age learning and educational technology; entrepreneurial leadership in education; mind, brain, and teaching; urban leadership

Best Online Ph.D. in Organizational Leadership

Indiana wesleyan university.

$890/credit

Located in Marion, Indiana Wesleyan University offers an online Ph.D. in organizational leadership that can prepare you to become an effective leader in as few as four years. The program focuses on inclusion, multiculturalism and international perspectives and develops research, presentation and executive skills.

You must attend an in-person residency during the July session, but the rest of the program takes place online and offers flexibility for working professionals. The school’s tuition guarantee locks in your tuition rate when you start the program.

• Application Fee: Free
• Example Major-Specific Courses: Advanced leadership theory, statistical research design
• In-Person Requirements: Yes, includes an in-person residency

Best Online Ph.D. in Counseling

Concordia university – irvine.

$795/credit

Concordia University – Irvine in Irvine, California, is a Christian institution that offers a “biblically informed” online Ph.D. in counselor education and supervision from its Townsend Institute. Designed for licensed mental health professionals, the degree develops advanced skills and prepares you for leadership roles in counseling, teaching and advocacy.

The accelerated program takes three to four years to complete. It requires two in-person residencies and a total of 700 hours of internship and practicum field experiences. In addition to coursework, you must complete a culminating 12-credit dissertation that includes original counseling research and a successful oral defense.

• Program Enrollment Options: Accelerated
• Example Major-Specific Courses: Advanced counseling and career theories, advanced multicultural issues in counselor education and supervision
• In-Person Requirements: Yes, requires two in-person residencies, a practicum and an internship

Best Online Doctor of Social Work

University of southern california.

$2,137/credit

University of Southern California ‘s online Doctor of Social Work from the Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work emphasizes the importance of scholarship and practice in the field. Created for experienced social work professionals, the program can help you become a leader working toward social change and innovation.

The program offers a seven-semester accelerated track and a standard nine-semester option. In a capstone experience, learners research and create a prototype that addresses a current problem in social work.

• Application Fee: $90
• Program Enrollment Options: Accelerated, full-time
• Example Major-Specific Courses: Leading public discourse, financial management for social change

Best Online Ph.D. in Public Administration

West chester university of pennsylvania.

$645/credit (in-state)

West Chester University of Pennsylvania ’s online Doctor of Public Administration can prepare you for high-level roles in public affairs and administration. The program is offered by the College of Business and Public Management, accredited by Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business, and the Department of Public Policy and Administration, accredited by the Network of Schools of Public Policy, Affairs, and Administration.

The curriculum explores strategic management, policy advocacy and decision-making in the public sector. The dissertation allows you to complete an applied research project. You can take electives and choose a concentration from multiple departments, including psychology, graduate social work and criminal justice.

• Degree Credit Requirements: 45 credits
• Example Major-Specific Courses: Strategic public sector management and governance, research design for program and policy evaluation
• Concentrations Available: Options from multiple departments

Best Online Doctorate in Educational Leadership

Fairfield university.

$1,120/credit

At Fairfield University in Fairfield, Connecticut, you can earn an online, low-residency Doctor of Education in educational leadership. The program offers two tracks: teacher leader for certified working educators or higher education administration for higher education professionals.

Students enroll in the cohort-style program in the fall and graduate in three years by taking six credits per semester. Learners can build community during two one-week summer residencies. Applicants need a master’s degree in a relevant field and a minimum 3.0 GPA.

• Our Flexibility Rating: Learn on your schedule
• Application Fee: $65
• Degree Credit Requirements: 57
• Example Major-Specific Courses: Action research for educational change, framing and critical analysis of problems of practice
• Concentrations Available: Teacher leader, higher education administration
• In-Person Requirements: Yes, requires two one-week residencies

An online Ph.D. program or doctorate can offer many compelling features for students, but it might not be the right choice for everyone. Consider the questions below when deciding whether to pursue your doctorate online or in person.

• What type of schedule do you need? Online programs typically offer more flexibility that appeals to students who work full time or have personal responsibilities to fit around their school schedule. Online degrees allow learners to pursue higher education without putting their career on hold. This is especially true for programs that offer asynchronous coursework that students complete on their own time.
• What learning style works best for you? Do you work well independently and with a lot of freedom? If so, an online doctorate might be a good fit for you. If you think you’d prefer the camaraderie of an in-person cohort graduate program and structured opportunities to interact with instructors, an on-campus or hybrid program might suit you better.
• How does the program format affect your budget? Online programs can help you save on tuition, housing and transportation costs. For example, many public schools allow you to pay the same tuition, regardless of where you live. However, you might miss funding opportunities typically reserved for on-campus students, such as graduate teaching assistantships, research assistantships and fellowships.

The U.S. Department of Education and the Council for Higher Education Accreditation (CHEA) approve accrediting agencies that give schools institutional accreditation in the U.S.

Institutional accreditation means that a university has met minimum quality requirements related to its academics, financial management, faculty and staff, and student resources and services. To qualify for federal financial aid, you must attend an accredited college.

Programmatic accreditation is a separate process that gives special recognition to individual degrees, programs or departments within a university. Depending on your field, you might need a programmatically accredited degree to get a job or qualify for professional licenses or certifications.

You can search for a prospective school’s accreditation status on CHEA’s website .

Consider Your Future Goals

An online doctorate has the potential to help you achieve your career aspirations. However, not every program in your field will necessarily align with your goals. Before you choose an online doctorate program, think about your post-graduation plans.

For example, some online doctorate programs require professional experience through an internship or a practicum. This type of hands-on learning can help you develop your expertise and professional network. But these experiences usually take place in person and can be hard to fit into your schedule if you’re working full time.

You should also consider if you need a specific license or certification to get the job you want. If so, research the credential’s requirements to learn if your degree needs to meet certain criteria. For example, you may need to complete an accredited program or complete supervised clinical hours.

Understand Your Expenses and Financing Options

Tuition rates for online doctoral programs in our guide vary significantly, from $265 to $2,137 per credit. Most programs required 42 to 60 credits, with some exceptions. In total, the degrees ranked on our list cost between $9,540 and $113,400.

According to the National Center for Education Statistics , grad students at private, nonprofit schools paid an average tuition of $20,408 in 2022–23, while public school tuition cost $11,554 per year. Doctorate programs typically take at least three years to complete, putting total costs between $34,662 and $61,224.

Find funding for your online Ph.D. by filling out the FAFSA®, which can connect you with scholarships, grants and student loans. Many schools also provide funding to graduate students through scholarships, grants and fellowships.

Can you do a Ph.D. fully online?

Yes, many schools offer fully online Ph.D. programs. However, depending on the program and the field of study, you may need to complete on-campus residencies or field experiences like internships or practicums that take place in person.

What is the fastest Ph.D. to get online?

Program length for online Ph.D. programs varies depending on your field of study. You might be able to find some accelerated online Ph.D. programs that you can finish in less than two years. However, the best online doctoral programs on our list take at least three years to complete.

Are online doctoral degrees respected?

An online doctoral degree from an accredited university can provide the same rigorous education and training as a comparable on-campus program. If you’re concerned about whether or not your degree will be respected, consider doing some research about the way that your field or profession tends to view online doctoral degrees.

What is the best online school for a Ph.D.?

The best online school for a Ph.D. depends on your field of study, personal interests and career goals. Make sure that any prospective online school is institutionally accredited. Depending on the degree you want to pursue, it might also be important to find a program with separate programmatic accreditation.

Liz Simmons has been writing for various online publications about career development, higher education and college affordability for nearly a decade. Her articles demystify the college application process and help prospective students figure out how to choose a major or career path.

Applying for a Doctoral Program

Start Your Application

Manage Your Application

A Doctorate is the highest academic degree awarded by universities in most fields of study. It involves several years of rigorous research, culminating in a dissertation that contributes new knowledge to the field. Doctoral candidates work closely with a faculty advisor to explore and answer complex questions, often pushing the boundaries of what is known.

Applying to a doctoral program is like applying for a job. This process requires more diligence and patience than applying for a Master’s degree. To stand out from a competitive pool of candidates, you must prepare a strong application that includes your academic achievements, any related research experience, and a clear statement of your research interests and goals. Be sure to demonstrate your passion, fit for the program, and your interest in RIT.

Explore our doctoral programs

How to Apply for a Doctoral Program

For details on the exact application requirements for your program, visit the Application Details section on your degree page and thoroughly review the graduate application instructions page .

• Most doctoral programs have an application deadline of January 15 and admit to Fall terms only, but be sure to verify the application deadline for your program and start terms before applying. Many programs will accept applications on a rolling basis after the priority deadline has passed until all spots are filled. For tips on completing your application, view our Ph.D. Application 101 recording . 
• Early applicants may see a “Hold for Program Deadline/Review Date” on the checklist in their portal. This an administrative hold that prevents applications from going for review until after December 15th. You will be notified when your file is sent to the review committee by email.
• Choose the Right Doctoral Program:  Review individual doctoral program pages carefully to learn the curriculum, research focus areas, facility profiles, and facilities to determine if the program is a good fit for you and to ensure that your interests and background align with the degree. The application will allow you to enter up to three choices in order of preference.
• Research Your Faculty Interests: Identify faculty members whose research aligns with your interests. Matching your research area with potential advisors strengthens your application and helps ensure a good fit. It is not necessary to secure a faculty advisor in order to submit your application. Learn more about researching faculty and areas of interest
• Craft Your Statement of Purpose for Research: This requirement should clearly convey your research interests, indicate what faculty member(s) you would like to work with, your experience, and why you want to pursue a doctorate at RIT. Each program may have specific guidelines, so be sure to address them. There is no minimum or maximum length. If you listed more than one program choice in your application it is suggested that you prepare separate statements for each program (doctoral and/or master’s). You may upload all three at the time you submit your application, or wait for a decision on your first choice program.  View program-specific criteria
• Choose Strong References: Make sure you choose the right people to submit letters of recommendation and give them plenty of time so they can prepare their support letter in advance. References should speak to your ability and promise to become a successful independent researcher. Professors, research supervisors, or professional mentors make ideal choices.
• Update Your CV/Resume: Ensure your CV or resume is current and highlights relevant academic achievements, research experience, publications, and professional skills.
• Verify Admission Requirements: Double-check all admission requirements and application details for your chosen program. Ensure you have all necessary materials, including transcripts, test scores, and any additional documents. You do not need to submit financial documents as part of your doctoral application. Focus on preparing a strong academic and research-focused application to showcase your qualifications and readiness for doctoral study.
• Understand Decision Timing: The review process typically starts in late January and may take several weeks to a few months. Be patient as the committee evaluates your application and aligns faculty advisors with candidates in matching research areas where funding is available. You may be invited to interview if faculty would like to know more about you. Interviews are not required. Admission decisions are first communicated in mid-March and continue until the class is full. If you are not admitted to your first choice program, allow additional time for review for second and third choices. RIT does not simultaneously review for multiple programs. 
• Replying to an Offer of Admission: Accepted candidates must respond to their doctoral degree offers by April 15 or the date indicated on your admit letter and in their portal. If you decide to accept your offer, you are expected to honor your commitment to enroll at RIT as a doctoral student. This ensures a smooth transition into your program and reflects your professionalism and reliability. 

Researching Faculty Advisors and/or Research Interest Areas

Identifying a potential faculty research advisor(s) and research interest areas in your Statement of Purpose for Research is important. It is not necessary to secure a faculty advisor(s) in order to submit your application.

Here are avenues for your research:

Align Research Interests

Ensure your research interests align with those of potential advisors. This alignment is crucial for a productive and supportive mentoring relationship. Review faculty members' recent publications and current projects to understand their focus areas. Visit the program page to learn about the current research for your program.

Use RIT’s “Find an Expert” Tool

Utilize RIT’s Find an Expert tool to identify faculty members with specific expertise. This resource can help you narrow down potential advisors based on your research interests. You may also want to use Google Scholar and search for RIT faculty.

Explore RIT’s Faculty Directory

Start by exploring the RIT Faculty Directory to find faculty members whose research aligns with your interests. This directory provides detailed profiles, including research areas, publications, and contact information.

Explore our Research Centers and Institutes:

RIT is home to a diverse array of research centers and institutes that drive innovation across various fields. These centers provide state-of-the-art facilities and collaborative environments to support groundbreaking research. Explore our extensive list of research centers and institutes

Reach Out to Potential Advisors

Once you’ve identified potential advisors, you may choose to reach out to them with a well-crafted email. This is not required but encouraged. Introduce yourself, briefly explain your research interests, and express why you’re interested in their work. Attach your CV and any relevant documents. Be respectful of their time and follow up if you don’t hear back within a couple of weeks. Do pay attention if it is documented that a faculty advisor is not taking on new students.

Funding Sources for Doctoral Students

Doctoral students typically receive full tuition and an RIT Graduate Research Assistantship (GRA) or Graduate Teaching Assistantship (GTA) that will pay a stipend for the academic year. There is not a separate application process for scholarship and assistantship consideration

Assistantships and Stipends

Research and teaching assistantships provide valuable experience and come with stipends that help cover living expenses during the school year, such as room and board. 

Summer Support Some programs are able to offer stipend support during the summer. Eligibility for summer funding will be determined by the graduate advisor and/or program director. 

Funding Throughout Program Funding throughout your doctoral program will depend on your satisfactory academic and research performance. Students are expected to fulfill their assistantship duties responsibly and make satisfactory progress towards their degree. It is expected that starting your second year, funding will be provided from your college either through a Teaching Assistantship or by your graduate advisor from external funds.

Student Fees Full-time students are responsible for both Student Activity and Student Health Services fees. In addition, RIT expects that all students will have health care insurance. Learn more about student fees

Timing and Distribution of Stipends

Graduate Research Assistants and Graduate Teaching Assistants receive a semi-monthly stipend payment starting a few weeks after the initial enrollment term. For U.S. Citizens and Permanent Residents, no taxes are withheld at the time the payment is made. However, students are encouraged to file estimated tax payments quarterly. Detailed information about the timing and distribution of stipends will be provided by your academic department. 

Financial Document Submission

Doctoral applicants are not required to submit financial documents as part of the application process. Focus on showcasing your academic and research potential without the added stress of financial documentation. If you are admitted, you will receive funding notification with your admission offer and international students who require a student visa will be assisted through the I-20 process.

Student Support and Community

Doctoral Student Association

The Doctoral Student Association provides an inviting environment that brings students together to encourage collaborative work. Doctorate students collaborate to produce high-quality journal publications and conference presentations in a friendly and encouraging environment. The group also provides information about professional and social activities to help produce well-rounded graduate students.

Learn more about the Doctoral Student Association

RIT Graduate School

The RIT Graduate School acts as a central hub, enhancing the academic journey for graduate students by cultivating a diverse scholarly community and offering robust professional development programs. This supportive environment, backed by dedicated faculty and staff, empowers students to excel in their research, scholarship, and creative endeavors.

Learn more about the RIT Graduate School

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between a doctorate and a master’s degree?

Understanding the differences between a doctorate (Ph.D.) and a master's (M.S.) degree program is crucial in making an informed decision. While a master's program typically focuses on advancing your knowledge and skills in a specific area, a doctorate emphasizes original research and developing new theories or applications.

Can I go from a Bachelor’s degree to a Doctorate? Do I need a Master’s degree first?

Yes, you can go directly from a Bachelor's degree (BS) to a Doctorate program. You are not required to get a master’s degree before pursuing a Doctorate. This pathway can be a strategic choice depending on your career goals and readiness for advanced research. 

May I have an application fee waiver?

The $65 application fee covers the management and processing of your record and admission materials. If you are unable to pay our application fee due to financial hardship, we encourage you to carefully consider the expenses associated with graduate study before applying.

Is there a set GPA requirement for being considered for a doctoral program at RIT?

Admitted doctoral students typically have a GPA of 3.0 or above. If it is lower, you will not necessarily be eliminated from consideration. You are welcome to apply. The Admissions Committee will consider your complete application when making a decision.

Do I need to provide GRE or GMAT scores ?

Requirements vary by program. Refer to your doctoral program page or the  deadlines and requirements  table for details. For programs that require test scores, we do not state minimum GRE or GMAT scores. Official scores should be sent to RIT directly from the testing agency using Institute code 2760.

What are the English language test score requirements? As an international student do I need to submit scores?

An official score report for the TOEFL, IELTS Academic, PTE Academic exam, or  RIT English Language Proficiency Test  is required of all international applicants who are not eligible for a waiver. We do not accept letters from your college or university indicating "English proficiency" or letters indicating courses were taught in English in place of official English language test scores. We do not accept Duolingo scores. See the “English Language Test Requirements” section in the  Application Materials  section of the  Application Instructions  for full details.

Do I need to have authored research papers to apply for admission to a doctoral degree?

No, you do not need published research papers to apply for a doctoral degree. A majority of admitted students do not have prior experience authoring research papers. However, admission to a doctoral degree is very competitive, and having published research papers helps strengthen your application.

How many students apply for doctoral study, and how many are admitted?

Admission to an RIT doctoral program is highly competitive. The number of applications received and the number of fully funded opportunities are limited and vary from year to year and by program.

Will the stipend fully cover living costs in the US?

The stipend should cover modest living expenses (housing and food), fees (student activity fee and health services fee), and costs for books, supplies, and some personal expenses. However, each student differs in their preferred living styles and their relative expenses. Doctoral students are permitted to take on other part-time employment so long as it does not interfere with their doctoral work (international students are only able to work on campus, for a total of 20 hours per week including their research positions). On-campus opportunities can be found through Career Connect .

Do doctoral students need to have personal finances available upon arriving at RIT?

Though our Ph.D. is fully funded, students do need to have their own funds available for travel and arrival in the US and to get settled in Rochester immediately upon entering the program. Please be sure to keep this in mind as you consider applying and your finances. If admitted, your first payment/stipend would not be until a few weeks into the program, so you will need to have a foundation of funds available for housing and other living expenses before that.

Is funding throughout the program guaranteed?

Your full tuition and assistantship stipend responsibilities will be determined by your graduate advisor and/or program director. It is our expectation that you will fulfill your duties responsibly and make satisfactory progress towards your degree. Funding in future years will depend on your satisfactory academic and research performance. It is expected that starting your second year, funding will be provided from your college either through a Teaching Assistantship or by your graduate advisor from external funds.

Our team is here to help you as you apply to RIT's doctoral programs. Do not hesitate to reach out if you have questions or need assistance.

Contact Your Admissions Counselor

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Ph.D. in Epidemiology

The Ph.D. in Epidemiology emphasizes the expertise necessary for a research career in epidemiology.

2024 application deadline: The priority deadline is February 1, with a final deadline of June 1. Admission cycle: Fall Assistantship types: teaching, research

The Ph.D. in Epidemiology is a STEM-designated program designed to prepare students for careers in which advanced analytical skills are required in academia, government, industry and research institutions. Students apply epidemiologic methods to understand complex public health problems. The program trains students to become independent investigators through two years of required coursework in epidemiology and biostatistics methods followed by two years (or more) of research. Students must pass a written qualifying exam and complete and defend a research dissertation. As a Tier One research institution, the School of Public Health encourages its Ph.D. students to participate in research projects that advance the field of epidemiology and address current public health issues.  Faculty and students of the School of Public Health conduct state-of-the-art research in a wide range of areas related to public health. Research in the school is supported by grants and contracts from numerous federal, state, local and private sources, including the National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Science Foundation (NSF), Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

Funding for the Ph.D. in Epidemiology

Qualified Ph.D. in Epidemiology students are offered Graduate Assistant (GA) positions for two years of the program. These positions typically include teaching activities and continuous funding is contingent upon satisfactory performance of the duties and good academic standing. Although funding beyond two years is not guaranteed, GA positions that focus on research and other funding opportunities are available and most students continue to receive support. GA positions include a monthly stipend, health insurance and a tuition waiver. Additional financial support is available through scholarships, fellowships and awards provided by the School of Public Health and the Graduate School. 

This program is part of the  Western Regional Graduate Program  (WRGP), a tuition-savings program that makes out-of-state graduate studies more affordable for students. Through WRGP, you will receive a reduced tuition rate, giving you more educational options for your money.

Questions? Want more information?

Kristen Clements-Nolle Graduate Director of Epidemiology Email: [email protected]

Best Online PhD Programs in Applied Behavior Analysis of 2025

Written by Alex Kale

Updated: August 28, 2024

Find your online program in minutes!

Most schools have rolling admissions and financial help so you can start your degree in a few weeks!

Pursuing an online PhD in applied behavior analysis (ABA) is rewarding for those passionate about understanding and improving human behavior. This degree cultivates critical skills in behavioral assessment, intervention design, and research, preparing graduates for impactful careers, often working with clients on the autism spectrum.

Many graduates become behavioral analysts, a specialized psychology role with a median salary of $92,740 . However, the specialized nature of this field can lead to higher earnings, with the top 10%  making over $151,880 . Some graduates choose academia, where health specialties professors earn a median salary of $105,650 .

Most of these programs take five to seven years to complete, with average graduate-level tuition costing $20,513 per year .

How to Choose an Online PhD Program in Applied Behavior Analysis

Choose your area of study.

There are many areas of study to consider when pursuing your PhD in applied behavior analysis — all designed to help you align your research with your career goals. You may come into this process with a good idea of what you want to study, but here are some questions to consider if you’re still thinking it over:

• What population or setting am I most interested in working with?
• What are the most pressing issues in the field?
• How do my strengths and interests align with current research trends?

For example, students aiming to work in clinical or educational settings will be well-suited to specialize in autism spectrum disorder. At the same time, those interested in applying ABA principles in corporate environments will thrive in organizational behavior management. Some programs may offer an additional specialization option in behavioral gerontology, which is best for those focused on aging populations and elder care.

Research schools and programs

With your specialization in mind, researching schools and programs is your next step. Consider the following questions to help guide your research further:

• Does the program offer courses in my intended specialization?
• What is the program’s graduation rate and average time to completion?
• Are there opportunities for hands-on research or internships?
• What financial aid options are available?

This information can be found on university websites, by speaking to an admissions counselor, or by attending a virtual open house.

Prepare for tests and applications

Now that you’ve identified the schools you want to apply to, start your application prep early. This often means requesting transcripts and letters of recommendation as soon as possible to avoid last-minute delays — as these can take time to gather. You’ll also want to allow ample time to write your personal statement and revise your resume to highlight your relevant experience.

For programs that require GRE scores, consider enrolling in a test prep program to boost your performance.

Select your program

When acceptance letters arrive, you may have a significant decision to make. Start by revisiting your initial research criteria, focusing on what matters most to you — like specialization options, the faculty you’ll learn from, and support services for online learners. Additionally, reassess the total cost of attendance, factoring in financial aid offers, including scholarships, grants, and assistantships. Balancing these factors will help you choose the program that best aligns with your academic and career goals — helping you feel confident in your final decision.

Determine how you’ll pay for your degree

Paying for your PhD can feel daunting, but fortunately, many financial aid resources help. Start by exploring scholarships and grants, as these don’t require repayment. Next, consider fellowships and assistantships, which offer funding in exchange for research or teaching responsibilities. For those currently employed in a related field, ask if your employer offers tuition reimbursement, which can significantly reduce your out-of-pocket costs.

If you need to borrow, prioritize federal loans over private loans due to their generally lower interest rates and more flexible repayment options.

Best 50 Accredited Online PhD Programs in Applied Behavior Analysis

intelligent score 96.90

#1 Online PhD Degrees #2 Academic Influence #3 Online School Center

School Information

Scottsdale, AZ

Graduation Rate: 52%

Admission Rate: 73%

Urbanicity: City

School Size: Large

Delivery Format Online

Required Credits to Graduate 84

Estimated Cost per Credit $1,175

accreditation Higher Learning Commission

more program information Email: [email protected] Phone: 866-277-6589

intelligent score 95.26

#1 Online School Center #2 Grad School Center #5 Online PhD Degrees #6 Academic Influence

Los Angeles, CA

Graduation Rate: 13.6%

Admission Rate: 24%

School Size: Small

Delivery Format Online, On-Campus

Required Credits to Graduate 107

Estimated Cost per Credit $1,703

accreditation Western Association of Schools and Colleges Senior College and University Commission

more program information Email: [email protected] Phone: 800-721-8072

intelligent score 93.78

#2 Online School Center #3 Grad School Center #3 Online PhD Degrees #7 Academic Influence

Beverly, MA

Graduation Rate: 75%

Admission Rate: 70%

Urbanicity: Suburban

School Size: Medium

Required Credits to Graduate 60

Estimated Cost per Credit $960

accreditation New England Commission of Higher Education

more program information Email: [email protected] Phone: 978-232-2199

intelligent score 93.33

#4 Academic Influence #4 Grad School Center

Louisville, KY

Graduation Rate: 22%

Admission Rate: 58%

Required Credits to Graduate 48

Estimated Cost per Credit $1,125

more program information Email: [email protected] Phone: 617-521-2000

intelligent score 90.39

#1 Grad School Center

Graduation Rate: 51%

Admission Rate: 100%

Delivery Format Hybrid

Estimated Cost per Credit $1,076

more program information Email: [email protected] Phone: 800-877-4723

Discover More Options

How we rank schools.

This list features some of the best online PhD in applied behavior analysis programs at top colleges nationwide. Each school featured is a nonprofit, accredited institution — either public or private — with a high standard of academic quality for postsecondary education.

We evaluated each school’s program on admission, retention, and graduation rates as well as tuition costs, faculty, reputation, and the resources provided for online students. Then, we calculated the Intelligent Score on a scale of 0 to 100. Read more about our ranking methodology .

Next, we compared this comprehensive list of online PhD in applied behavior analysis programs to a list of aggregated college rankings from reputable publications like U.S. News & World Report, among others, to simplify a student’s college search. We pored through these rankings so students don’t have to.

What Can You Expect From an Online PhD Program in Applied Behavior Analysis?

By enrolling in an online PhD program in applied behavior analysis, you can expect an in-depth exploration of behavioral theories, research methods, and intervention techniques. Curriculums typically include coursework in behavioral assessment, ethics, and experimental design, followed by comprehensive exams.

After completing approximately two years of coursework, you’ll transition to the dissertation phase, which often takes at least three years. The dissertation requires original research that contributes to the field. While most students complete this degree in five years, some programs offer the flexibility to extend up to seven years to accommodate part-time learners or those needing more time for research.

Potential courses you’ll take in an online PhD program in applied behavior analysis

• Introduction to Applied Behavior Analysis: Often one of the first courses you’ll take, this class covers the principles and techniques of ABA – including reinforcement, punishment, and behavior modification strategies. Students will learn how to apply these concepts to different settings, from schools to clinical environments, to improve behavior outcomes.
• Ethics and Professionalism in ABA: Another core requirement, this course focuses on the ethical considerations and professional standards in the practice of ABA. Participants will explore real-world scenarios, learning to navigate ethical dilemmas while maintaining integrity and adhering to professional guidelines.
• Functional Behavioral Assessment: This course teaches students how to conduct functional behavioral assessments (FBA) to identify the causes of challenging behaviors. It emphasizes data collection, analysis, and the development of intervention plans based on behavior functions.
• Philosophy of Behaviorism: This upper-level course explores the theoretical foundation of behaviorism, examining critical figures like B.F. Skinner and the evolution of behaviorist thought. Students will gain an understanding of how behaviorism influences contemporary ABA practices.
• Advanced Research Methods in ABA: In this course, students will delve into sophisticated research methods specific to ABA. They will learn to design, conduct, and analyze research studies, preparing them to contribute original research to the field through their dissertation work.

Online PhD in Applied Behavior Analysis Frequently Asked Questions

How do i apply to an online phd program in applied behavior analysis.

While specific requirements can vary, many programs share the following standard criteria:

• A master’s degree in ABA or a related field
• Official transcripts from all previously attended institutions
• Letters of recommendation
• Personal statement
• Resume or CV

Before applying, it’s crucial to speak with an admissions counselor. They can provide additional guidance, clarify program specifics, and ensure you meet all the requirements, improving your chances of acceptance.

How much does an online PhD program in applied behavior analysis cost?

According to the National Center for Education Statistics, the average annual tuition for graduate programs is $20,513 . As an online student, you’ll also want to be prepared for additional expenses like technology fees, textbooks, and any required software. These expenses can add up over time, but it’s important to note that you’ll likely save on commuting, housing, and campus-related expenses — significantly reducing the overall cost of your education.

How long does it take to earn an online PhD program in applied behavior analysis?

Earning this degree takes about five years — two years for coursework and three years for the dissertation. However, some programs offer up to seven years to complete all requirements, providing flexibility for students needing more time for research or balancing their education with other commitments.

It’s important to note that completion timelines can vary depending on the program’s credit requirements, so double-check these details before enrolling.

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The Ph.D. in Education equips students to systematically examine the theoretical and practical challenges evident across the P-20 educational pipeline to address the issue of inequity. The degree program will prepare individuals for careers in academia, research, and policy centers, as well as for high-level administration and curricular positions at educational institutions and agencies.

The program offers seven concentrations:

• Comparative and International Education 
• Higher Education Leadership
• Mathematics Education
• Science Education

The educational objectives for the PhD in Education are the following:

• To advance research on inequity issues within the full P-20 educational pipeline.
• To prepare students to use original and existing research to transform educational practice.
• To equip future educational researchers with innovative teaching experience and cutting-edge transdisciplinary research experience to become attractive job candidates on the academic market.
• To prepare candidates to create a collaborative learning community that integrates all the various educational contexts.
• To prepare candidates to be critical thinkers who focus on leadership, policy, ethics, and social justice.

Candidates for the PhD in Education degree must complete a minimum of 54 academic credit hours, pass the comprehensive exam, and submit and successfully defend a research-based dissertation. All students in the program will be expected to complete academic core and research courses of 27 credits and concentration courses of 27 credits. The concentration courses are presented on the the relevant pages and in the PhD Program Handbook .

The Core 27 credits consist of the following:

Academic Core (9 Credits):

• ASLP 600 Introduction to Doctoral Studies and Academic Writing (3)
• ASLP 640 Race and Public Policy in Education (3)
• ASLP 642 Equity and Social Justice in Education (3)

Research (15 Credits)

• ASLP 620 Introduction to Educational Research (3)
• ASLP 700 Methods of Inquiry (3)
• ASLP 710 Quantitative Research Methods (3)
• ASLP 712 Qualitative Research Methods (3)
• *Students will complete an additional 3 credits of advanced research electives related to their chosen methodology.

Dissertation (3 credits)

• ASLP 997/998 (3)

The department offers different delivery options for each concentration. For a full listing please click here .

Students in concentration areas that offer both the High and Low Residency option will be required to select their delivery mode upon admission into the program. Students who wish to switch their delivery option will need to make a formal request to the program direction with an acceptable reason.

Prospective students should complete this brief interest form to be connected to a faculty member for more information.

Admissions Deadlines:

• Priority deadline for those seeking graduate student funding : January 15
• Assessment, Evaluation, and Research: March 1
• Community College Leadership: July 1
• Comparative and International Education: March 1
• Higher Education Leadership: March 1
• Mathematics Education: July 1
• Science Education: July 1
• Urban Educational Leadership: March 1

The School of Graduate Studies coordinates the application process. 

Our program offers three types of funding:

• Graduate Research Assistantships
• Graduate Teaching Assistantships
• Tuition Awards

Many of our students also leverage their Tuition Remission benefits from local institutions like the   USM schools ,   JHU , or   Morgan State . Tuition Remission is determined and coordinated by your institution. We encourage you to speak with your HR representative about how to use these benefits. 

Contact Information

Dr. Frimpomaa Ampaw Chair Department of Advanced Studies, Leadership and Policy Banneker Building #315J

P: (443) 885-1908 E: [email protected]

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