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• Department for Transport
• National Highways

Analysis to inform RIS3

Published 18 May 2023

Applies to England

© Crown copyright 2023

This publication is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. To view this licence, visit nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3 or write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, Kew, London TW9 4DU, or email: [email protected] .

Where we have identified any third party copyright information you will need to obtain permission from the copyright holders concerned.

This publication is available at https://www.gov.uk/government/consultations/shaping-the-future-of-englands-strategic-roads/analysis-to-inform-ris3

A message from the Chief Analyst

Through our third Road Investment Strategy, the Department for Transport will be spending billions of pounds on vital infrastructure that millions of people use each day. Our strategic road network also transports the vast majority of goods, including essential food supplies, across the country including to shops, factories, hospitals, and schools. The infrastructure that we invest in now will be serving this country for many decades, shaping our national landscape and the way we live our lives.

It is crucial, therefore, that we make investment decisions using the best evidence possible. This demands a process of continuous improvement in analysis and our analytical models. We are working hard to do that, responding to the advice of users, stakeholders, and technical experts. This paper sets out DfT and National Highways’ analytical approach for the third Road Investment Strategy ( RIS3 ), working alongside Transport Focus and the Office of Rail and Road. It sits alongside the core consultation document.

We have been developing our analytical approach, methods, and tools in a number of areas building on the sound approach developed for RIS2.

RIS3 analysis will aim to:

• provide a more detailed assessment of the benefits and costs of operations, maintenance and renewals
• better consider the impact of interventions on DfT ’s RIS3 strategic objectives (such as growing and levelling up the economy and reducing our environmental impact) and on people through objective impact analysis
• deepen our understanding of environmental impacts (such as greenhouse gas emissions and air quality)

Beyond that, RIS3 analysis will aim to ensure decision making is more resilient to uncertainty through the use of DfT ’s new common analytical scenarios. This approach ensures that we are keeping pace with changing user needs and taking forward the advances in DfT appraisal development strategy.

As part of the consultation, you are invited to comment on the degree to which these aims are achieved by the analysis. Your comments will play an important role in the shaping and structure of future work, and I would welcome your contribution.

Executive summary

This document outlines the approach being taken by DfT and National Highways, working with our partner organisations Transport Focus and the Office of Rail and Road ( ORR ), to develop the analysis that will inform the third Road Investment Strategy ( RIS3 ).

RIS3 will set out investment in the strategic road network ( SRN ) during the third road period (2025 to 2030). It will build on the work taken forward in RIS2 on investing in the network and improving the way it is operated and maintained. It will set out the performance specification that we will expect National Highways to adhere to during that period.

Alongside this, it will set out a strategic vision for the future of the SRN looking towards 2050 that will help DfT to achieve its strategic priorities. We will assess that information using DfT ’s 5-case business case framework to support refinement of options:

• commercial cases

Within that process analysis plays a key role involving the creation and application of a range of technical methods and tools to produce evidence. In this context, that covers territory familiar from the first Road Investment Strategy and second Road Investment Strategy, such as:

• statistics measuring the performance of the road network
• understanding what matters to road users
• road demand forecasts
• the likely economic, social and environmental impacts from potential road improvements

But we will also consider more innovative work, such as developing our approach to understanding uncertainty, undertaking objective impact analysis, better assessing the benefits of operations, maintenance and renewals, and deepening our understanding of environmental impacts.

Analysis therefore has an important role to play in informing RIS3 , and we aim for it to be relevant, robust and trusted. We intend our approach to:

• build on the sound approach developed to inform RIS1 and RIS2
• continue to develop our analysis to better understand user needs
• advance as part of delivering the overarching developments in DfT appraisal guidance

We and our partner organisations have therefore been developing our analytical approach, methods, and tools in a number of areas including:

• building on the analytical platform set up as part of RIS2
• improving how we assess the benefits of operations, maintenance and looking at the impact of the interventions on DfT ’s RIS3 strategic objectives and whether they are cost effective in achieving these objectives through Objective Impact Analysis. In doing so, this puts a greater focus on outcomes across strategic themes, for example economic, safety, carbon, and people-centred analysis
• updating our traffic demand forecasts to ensure analysis is based on the latest assumptions
• continuing to update and improve how we assess environmental impacts including air quality, greenhouse gas emissions, and biodiversity in our analysis
• ensuring we better understand the interactions between potential RIS3 schemes
• improving our approach to understanding and communicating the uncertainty around analysis

We believe the approach we have developed builds upon that used in RIS2. It advances analysis for RIS3 in line with the DfT appraisal development strategy.

We are now inviting views from a wider audience. This document accompanies DfT ’s consultation on National Highways SRN Initial Report, in which we ask:

What, if any, comments do you have on the analytical approach?

The easiest way to respond to this question is via the online questionnaire. You can find a link to the questionnaire in the Ways to respond section of the GOV.UK home page for this consultation

We will use your responses to inform the development of our analysis, both for RIS3 and beyond.

Analytical approach

This document sets out a strategic outline of the approach being taken on analysis for the third Road Investment Strategy ( RIS3 ) by DfT and National Highways, working with Transport Focus and the Office of Rail and Road ( ORR ). It forms a key part of the RIS3 consultation linking to the main consultation document and National Highways’ SRN Initial Report.

It also explains how:

• we are engaging with stakeholders and experts to make sure our analysis takes into account their views
• the analysis is evolving in line compared to RIS2
• we will build confidence that the analysis is robust
• we aim to develop the analysis post RIS3 consultation
• you can comment on the analysis for the consultation

RIS3 will set out investment in the SRN during the third road period (2025 to 2030) and will build on the work taken forward in RIS2 on investing in the network and improving the way it is operated and maintained. Key decisions will need to be taken about how much to invest, what to invest in and what the time profile of investment should be.

It will be based on a strategic vision for the future of the SRN looking towards 2050 and a revised performance specification for National Highways to adhere to between 2025 and 2030. RIS3 will be supported by a new statement of funds available ( SOFA ) setting out annual funding across the 5-year period.

The approach we have adopted builds directly on the principles established for RIS2.

Analysis is playing a key role in informing the debate

Analysis is informing all parts of RIS3 , including the:

• strategic vision – examining what the future might look like, developing scenarios and tackling emerging issues like the role and impact of technology
• investment plan – analysis will be used to examine the impacts of packages of investment, to support the identification of a high performing investment plan
• performance specification – by identifying the impact of investment, analysis will inform targets and be used to develop the metrics that are key to assessing performance
• statement of funds available – analysis is being used to assess future funding scenarios for RIS3

In line with our general approach to RIS3 , the analysis involves working in partnership across all 4 RIS3 partner organisations: Department for Transport, National Highways, Transport Focus and ORR .

Our analytical objectives

The ambition for RIS3 analysis is to successfully inform decisions through creating relevant, robust, and trusted analysis.

By relevant we mean that it should support decision making for RIS3 .

Robust means that it provides sound information which can be relied upon when forming decisions.

Trusted means that we are building consensus amongst policy makers, analysts and key stakeholders on the methods and results.

We intend our approach to build on the approach developed to inform RIS2. It will evolve to keep pace with changing user needs and advance as part of delivering the overarching DfT appraisal development strategy.

Going forward we aim to develop the analysis for RIS3 further. We will create tailored analysis to inform each element of RIS3 :

• strategic vision
• investment plan
• statement of funds available ( SOFA )
• performance specification

Finally, we will develop our analytical tools in each area so that they are even better at informing key decisions.

We believe this approach will achieve relevant, robust and trusted analysis. In the next section we explain our approach to understanding users and how we have engaged with stakeholders.

Understanding user needs and engaging with stakeholders

We have undertaken a number of activities to understand users’ needs including:

• route strategies
• strategic studies
• national stakeholder events
• developing strategic objectives based on feedback by sub national transport bodies and insights from road users

More detail on these activities is set out in the main RIS3 consultation document.

Each of these activities has allowed us to inform analytical work on identifying issues and potential options on the SRN .

We are working closely with Transport Focus to ensure we are building the user perspective into everything we do.

We are working closely with Transport Focus to ensure that the recommendations it made in Road users’ priorities for the Road Investment Strategy, 2025 to 2030 have been acted on as far as possible, and built into our analytical framework. In particular:

In RIS2 we committed to develop new metrics or refine existing metrics for potential inclusion in RIS3 . This includes a number of metrics where Transport Focus’s insight is particularly important, for instance:

• a measure of journey time reliability which reflects more accurately road users’ understanding of reliability
• delay from roadworks
• an improved ride quality metric which reflects road users’ experience of the network

Our approach to developing the RIS3 pipeline of schemes in development announced in RIS2 places greater emphasis on the strategic case for the scheme ensuring alignment with DfT ’s strategic priorities (for example in terms of growing the economy and levelling up, safety, network performance, resilience and the natural environment), alongside value for money considerations. This analytical approach will be expanded and applied consistently across other elements of network improvement focussed on better understanding outcomes and making the most of the network we’ve got.

We will continue to engage on our approach as we continue to refine it.

Our aim is to improve and refine the approach we take, building up the evidence base over the remainder of RIS2 and RIS3 .

DfT ’s consultation on National Highways’ SRN Initial Report will form the next step of our engagement process. As part of the consultation you have the chance to comment on our analytical approach and feed into further work on the analysis.

Going forward we will continue to work with national stakeholder groups and analytical experts through the decision-making phase to ensure that RIS3 is well-informed by analysis which strikes the right balance between robustness and proportionality.

We are therefore confident that the analysis that we are carrying out will meet our core aims for the analysis for RIS3 . The next section talks in more detail about how our analysis informs different parts of RIS3 .

Analysis to inform the key elements of RIS3

This section outlines our analytical approach for informing each element of RIS3 .

The strategic vision – we need to refresh our vision of the future, understanding new challenges like technology and the environment.

The investment plan – to understand where to invest we want to improve our understanding compared to RIS2 of:

• how the network performs, as a result of individual improvements and the overall programme
• the impacts of interventions on road users and the quality of their journeys
• the opportunities and impacts on the economy of road interventions

The performance specification – use the outcome models to inform target setting for RIS3 .

The SOFA – working with ORR we want to improve our understanding of the efficiency of National Highways operations so that budgets can represent best VfM for the taxpayer.

The strategic vision

For the strategic vision we have worked hard to improve our understanding of both the future requirements the SRN , which includes understanding future demand for road travel and the uncertainties around it through the use of scenarios, and how RIS3 can contribute to DfT and wider government objectives.

DfT has 5 strategic priorities, of which the most relevant for RIS3 are:

• grow and level up the economy
• improve transport for the user
• reduce environmental impacts

In recognition of the more specific purpose of the SRN , we have come up with 6 strategic objectives for RIS3 which develop these priorities further and for which our analysis will be framed:

• growing the economy (including levelling up)
• improving safety for all
• network performance to meet customer needs
• a technology-enabled and enabling network
• managing and planning the SRN for the future
• improved environmental outcomes (including carbon)

The strategic vision will set out the policy narrative of what RIS3 will seek to achieve and how it will look to achieve it, trial any new policy commitments and some high-level performance aspirations. It will also include feedback from the SRN initial report.

The investment plan and performance specification

Overview of analytical approach for ris3.

Analysis across the RIS3 business case and decision-making process will aim to look at 2 elements.

Objective impact analysis

This looks at the impact of the interventions on the DfT ’s RIS3 strategic objectives and whether they are cost effective in achieving these objectives. This analysis is complementary to the value for money analysis. It is designed to help the decision maker understand the intervention’s alignment to the strategic case for RIS3 , aligning with the recent 2020 Green Book Review and 2020 Green Book. In doing so, this puts a greater focus on outcomes across strategic themes, e.g. economic growth and levelling up, safety, carbon, and people-centred analysis.

Value for money analysis

This will be carried out in line with HMT’s Green Book and DfT ’s transport analysis guidance (TAG). This analysis looks at the impact on all individuals in the UK (positive and negative) and assess whether the benefits outweigh the costs. It is this analysis that will underpin the economic case in the business case.

RIS3 analysis will be based on the sound application of the DfT ’s comprehensive appraisal framework for assessing economic, social and environmental impacts to RIS2 schemes.

The different elements of appraisal covered by TAG

Economic impacts.

Environmental impacts

Social impacts

Analytical platform to support RIS3

Following on from RIS2, we have an analytical platform in place to assess the impacts of different investment packages and support target setting. The analytical platform includes the following key elements.

Regional traffic models

As part of RIS2, National Highways used their newly developed 5 regional traffic models ( RTMs ) covering the full SRN to forecast how traffic flows and speeds change following major road enhancements. These have been updated and will be used again as part of RIS3 – this time to inform carbon analysis and the safety outcome model.

The second-generation RTMs are amongst the largest and most complex traffic models of their kind in the world. Between them they cover all of England, focussing on the Strategic Road Network and incorporating our diversion routes and the Major Road Network. The models replicate travel patterns in 2019 and have been developed to allow decisions to be made using a sound, up-to-date evidence base.

Outcome models

National Highways aim to use outputs from the RTMs to assess the economic, social, and environmental impacts of RIS3 interventions on outcomes and inform target setting of metrics and key performance indicators (KPI) as part of the performance specification. Specific examples of outcome models include:

• a national safety model which predicts the number of people killed and seriously injured in road accidents per year
• a delay outcome model
• an environmental outcome model

Models will be reviewed, updated, or renewed for existing KPIs with appropriate models developed for new KPIs.

Our analysis will include understanding what performance would be delivered in the absence of additional funding (baselining) in key areas, e.g. safety, delay and carbon amongst others.

Objective impact analysis tool

To support the development of RIS3 National Highways have developed an Objective Impact Tool, which records the objective contributions of each planned National Highways scheme. It outlines the impact of each scheme, or a set of schemes, on achieving a set of strategic objectives. The tool enables decision-makers to identify cost effective ways of achieving specific objectives and to prioritise schemes whilst maintaining awareness of the trade-offs on other areas.

A wider economy model

The National Highways economy model will allow assessment of key economy impacts including how transport impacts on GDP, jobs, land use change, and economic welfare and will provide regional disaggregated impacts.

Operations, maintenance and renewals

The operations, maintenance and renewals ( OMR ) case will take into account key challenges for RIS3 and beyond. These challenges include the fact that the existing network is changing – it is aging, and increased levels of usage are accelerating deterioration. In addition, National Highways will assume the operations and maintenance responsibilities for a number of design build finance operate (DBFO) schemes.

The volume of technology assets and dependency on their functions will increase through RIS2, into RIS3 and beyond. National Highways has an important role to play in meeting the country’s green ambitions through improving biodiversity and sequestering carbon in National Highway’s soft estate and through reducing the carbon impact of our network, operations and from road use. This is critical in keeping the country moving as the impact of climate change increases.

The OMR case for RIS3 will seek to deliver the following, based on available data, and agreed approach.

Value for money - in line with the Green Book we will be using a whole life costing approach to assess the value for money of our spending in this area. In addition, we will move towards using a service value framework to look at the impact these areas of spend have on customers. These impacts will cover network performance such as road user delay (using the updated Traffic Impact Assessment model), reliability, safety and carbon, but in future road periods will expand to cover all the impacts of our spending. This will be a substantial step forward from the approach taken in RIS2.

Narrative informed by risk appetite - risk and uncertainty are important considerations in appraisal of all RIS3 investments, and OMR is no exception. This will mean demonstrating the implications of different levels of funding – e.g. understanding the long-term implications of short-term funding decisions for outcomes such as safety and network performance.

Create a line of sight between investment and outcomes that customers care about – this will demonstrate what investment is required to achieve performance outcomes, and what performance outcomes can be achieved for a certain level of investment.

Where there are gaps, we will develop a process to gather these data for future RIS.

Major projects

Analysis of major projects will look at 2 aspects:

• those schemes committed in previous road investment strategies that will still require funding in road period 3
• new RIS3 enhancements

For appraisal of both these aspects we will carry out an appraisal of the individual schemes considered in line with TAG. This will allow us to compare schemes on a value for money basis. As well as the standard value for money analysis carried out for the economic case, we will also be looking at objective impact analysis (see above) to see how the schemes compare in their contribution to the RIS3 strategic objectives as well as understanding interactions between potential schemes.

In addition to this analysis, we will for the complete portfolio of major projects look to see if there are additional portfolio wider economic impacts (over and above those included in the individual scheme assessment) as a result of land use changes. This will be undertaken in National Highway’s wider economy model.

Designated funds

Analysis of the impact of our designated funds will use analysis of our historical spending. We will be combining analysis of previous appraisals, alongside evaluation evidence to understand both the value for money of this spending and also the impact on strategic objectives.

Portfolio analysis

In addition to the analysis of individual RIS3 funding streams, we will also pull together all the analysis covered above and present the total value for money of the portfolio and the total impact of the portfolio on the strategic objectives. As part of this, we will also consider the use of place-based analysis. This will be used to present and assess different options to inform the final RIS3 settlement.

Distributional impacts and equality impact assessment

DfT will produce an equalities impact assessment of RIS3 to demonstrate how the Public sector equality duty will be met through the delivery of the strategy. This will be informed by analysis, including distributional impact analysis (in line with TAG) undertaken for committed schemes as well as new RIS3 enhancements.

The SOFA - understanding financial needs

Work is underway to improve the assessment of National Highways’ financial needs and develop the approach to efficiency.

National Highways and ORR are working together to understand the current and future condition of National Highways’ assets, and the cost implications this will have in RIS3 and beyond.

ORR , working with National Highways, is carrying out capability reviews of the level of efficiencies that could be delivered in RIS3 – these will examine National Highways’ approach to asset management and its procurement and project management.

National Highways will be commissioning external advice on the appropriate inflation assumptions to underpin the RIS, grounded in consideration of the relationship between inflation, risk, and efficiency.

Developing our appraisal

In addition to the objective impact analysis, improvements in assessing OMR and development of models to support the performance specification, we are looking to develop our understanding of methods and models in a number of other areas to ensure we fully consider the economic, social and environmental benefits of RIS3 . This includes:

This section outlines how we are developing our methods and models in the areas set out above for RIS3 .

Traffic demand forecasts

RIS3 will aim to use updated demand forecasts from the DfT ’s National Trip End Model ( NTEM ) as well as the latest National Road Traffic Projections ( NRTP ) from the DfT ’s National Transport Model (NTM).

They ( NTEM and NRTP ) feed into the forecast traffic models used for our scheme analysis, the regional traffic models used for carbon analysis and the safety outcome tool, as well as other performance models such as the delay outcome model. Beyond this, RIS3 will aim use a set of common analytical scenarios to ensure decision making is resilient to uncertainty.

As part of RIS3 , environmental impacts such as air quality, greenhouse gas emissions, biodiversity, landscape, townscape and the historical environment will be assessed in line with the latest TAG guidance.

DfT and National Highways are also working together to ensure that the environmental appraisal methods used take account of the recent Environment Bill and the new environment targets in order that we fully understand the proposals impact on these new areas. For example, considering how our assessment of air quality aligns with PM2.5 targets.

One area, where we have done a lot of work since RIS2, relates to better understanding greenhouse gas ( GHG ) emissions - also commonly referred to carbon emissions. In particular as part of RIS3 , our analysis will seek to further improve our understanding of the impact of the current SRN on carbon as well as the impact of any additional spend on the network as part of RIS3 .

We will aim to include assessments of the impact of both tailpipe, embedded and operational carbon. Tailpipe carbon will be assessed using National Highway’s regional transport models (for the SRN baseline) and scheme specific models (e.g. for RIS3 schemes). Embedded and operational carbon will be assessed using National Highways carbon tool. GHG emissions will be estimated by carbon budget period.

Interactions between RIS3 schemes

We have developed a scheme interaction assessment technique (SINAT) to help assess and better understand the potential interactions between schemes being considered as part of RIS3 . SINAT, which uses advanced processing of select link analysis results and matrix manipulation to assess scheme interactions, will help us prioritise which schemes to include in the RIS3 programme.

Uncertainty

There is considerable uncertainty about how the transport system will evolve in the future, particularly with the potential for emerging trends in behaviour and technology to drive significant change over time. To ensure decision making around RIS3 is resilient to future uncertainty, it is important that our analysis recognises this.

Our analytical approach will follow the guidance set out in the TAG uncertainty toolkit and will intend to make use of the common analytical scenarios alongside other relevant scenarios and sensitivity tests. These common analytical scenarios, developed by DfT , cover key areas of national transport uncertainty, including:

• growth in the population and the economy
• distribution of economic activity across the regions
• technological advances and uptake
• social and behavioural change
• level of decarbonisation and fleet mix ambition

Analysis robust enough to inform decisions

We have sought to adopt a balanced approach, targeting our analysis to those areas where it is most important to have it.

Alongside this we have put in place a carefully considered approach to assuring the analysis, tailoring the level of assurance based on the complexity of the analysis and the decision it will inform. Our approach covers all RIS3 analysis including by DfT , National Highways, Transport Focus and ORR .

Our analytical assurance processes are in line with DfT strength in numbers guidance . This involves tiered assurance:

• tier 1 - at the level of the analysis, within organisations
• tier 2 – within organisations
• tier 3 – across organisations
• tier 4 – independent external experts

This approach to analytical assurance is embedded in the overall assurance approach for RIS3 .

This report has outlined our approach to using analysis to inform RIS3 . The accompanying SRN Initial Report by National Highways sets out the challenges being faced by the SRN and early investment priorities.

Following the consultation on National Highways’ Initial Report, we aim to continue to refine and update our analysis so that it is current and robust through to the publication of RIS3 in 2024. The results from the consultation will help inform this.

Once we have published RIS3 in 2024, we move into the mobilisation and delivery phases. This will involve enhancement projects going through each of National Highways Project Control Framework (PCF) stages. To meet the requirements of the PCF process, the analysis around the costs and benefits of schemes will be updated. Consequently, the analysis for RIS3 should not be seen as final but as a point on a trajectory of improving evidence.

DfT and National Highways will continue to work in partnership with ORR , and Transport Focus to deliver the analysis, and engage with stakeholders to ensure it is robust, that we are keeping pace keep pace with changing user needs and that we lead the delivery of advances in DfT ’s appraisal development strategy.

The consultation

In conclusion our aim is to produce analysis that is:

• relevant to the decisions that need to be made in all the key RIS3 areas
• robust enough to be relied upon for the decisions at hand
• trusted by stakeholders

We are now inviting views from a wider audience. This document accompanies DfT ’s consultation on National Highways SRN Initial Report, in which we ask

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• Safety and congestion
• Environment and wellbeing
• Users and communities
• Innovation and modernisation

Delivering in partnership

• View full plan

Designated funds

Designated Funds

At National Highways, our work goes beyond operating, maintaining and improving roads

As custodian of the country’s motorways and major A-roads, we know that the work we do makes a positive difference – for people, the economy and the planet.

From 2020 to 2025, we’ll be investing £936 million from our standalone – or designated – funding. This money is allocated to four funding streams focused on making improvements that will make the biggest difference and deliver lasting benefits.

Here are our four Designated Fund plans:

We play a vital role in peoples’ lives. 95 billion journeys take place on our roads every year, carrying a third of the country’s traffic.

With more people using our network than any other form of transport, our priority remains improving the safety of those travelling and working on our roads.

We also recognise that congestion is a concern for everyone who uses our roads – adding stress and preventing people from getting to their destination on time. This fund has two themes:

Contributing to improved safety for the people who travel and work on our roads, helping us to achieve a ‘zero harm’ network – where no one is killed or injured on our roads.

We’re investing this fund in initiatives which tackle locations of high congestion on our roads and keep traffic flowing.

Our corporate targets

The themes in this fund support our corporate targets to reduce:

• the number of people killed or seriously injured on our roads by at least 50% (against the 2005-2009 average baseline) by the end of 2025
• delays for people travelling on our network so that average delay per mile driven is no worse by the end of the second Road Period (2020-2025) compared to the end of the first Road Period (2015-2020)

Our work so far

Our Safety and congestion fund is new and runs from April 2020 until March 2025. Between 2015 and 2020, we used other designated funds to achieve similar aims, including:

Promoting growth

28 schemes which will support an estimated 45,000 new homes and 44,000 new jobs over their lifetime.

Reducing casualties

Over 150 safety improvements on single carriageway roads to reduce the number of people killed or seriously injured.

Easing bottlenecks

111 schemes which reduced delays and improved safety in areas identified as traffic ‘bottlenecks’ on our network.

Some of our stories

Humber compliance vehicle.

Improving driver behaviour

The Humber Compliance Vehicle initiative is a three-year partnership between Highways England and the Humber Road Safety Partnership, aiming to improve driver education and compliance in North-East England.

Across Humberside, driver behaviour is a significant cause of road traffic incidents where people are killed or seriously injured. Vehicle defects, distraction and alcohol and drug use have been highlighted as particular problems.

The initiative

In 2017, in a bid to reduce these incidents, our designated funds provided a £50,037 investment - funding a marked BMW X5 car. This is being used to directly address road safety issues with the public, while tackling road-related incidents and reducing casualties.

Carrying out high-visibility road patrols, the marked car encourages safer driving, while acting as a deterrent to law-breaking. Meanwhile, police and fire service staff attend events across Humberside, or visit schools, service stations or supermarkets to deliver safety messages using it.

In its first year the vehicle featured at events or on network patrols across 210 days, increasing engagement levels among stakeholders and road users, while garnering strong community support.

The vehicle has also been central to vehicle and tyre check campaigns. In 2017, 300 winter checks were carried out, resulting in 80 identified defects and 180 prohibitions due to non-compliance.

"Our partnership with Highways England has strengthened through joint working on the strategic road network using this vehicle, and I have no doubt that this has had a positive effect on our casualty reduction strategy."

Preventing self-harm

Since the launch of Highways England’s Suicide Prevention Strategy in 2017, we’ve used designated funds to develop schemes at locations on our network frequently used by vulnerable people attempting to take their own lives. 

One of the ways in which we’re contributing to the cross-government goal of preventing self-harm is by reducing access at priority locations for people in crisis. One location has been the subject of a multi-stakeholder partnership to prevent people from attempting to take their own lives there. We’re investing more than £1.2 million at this site, with the sole aim of protecting people’s lives.

We’re installing a bespoke, anti-climb fence and steel safety barriers over the full 200-meter length of the site, as well as SOS phones with direct dial to the police and Samaritans. Infra-red movement detection cameras on the structure alert the police if anyone is detected close to its edge.

We have worked in partnership with the police, Samaritans, and local authorities on the initiative, which has also involved working with taxi firms to encourage them to alert police if callers ask them to drive them to the site.

"Samaritans is pleased to be working in partnership with Highways England to reduce suicides and support those affected by them. Using Samaritans expertise and resources to support Highways England to achieve its vision that no one attempts to take their life on their roads is an important part of reducing suicides in public places, and we are committed to an ongoing partnership to help save lives."

Roger Millward Way

Easing congestion at one of England’s busiest junctions

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"The roundabout is much better than before, especially the difference in traffic and the traffic flow. Disruption during construction was well managed in my opinion. I’m always impressed by Highways England’s traffic flow management."

This fund is helping us operate our business in an environmentally responsible way, while making sure sustainability shapes our work from start to finish.

It has nine themes which support our vision of a greener, more sustainable road network.

Biodiversity

Maximising biodiversity contributions from our activities to help wildlife thrive, including creating new or enhancing existing habitats.

Minimising noise to improve the quality of life and wellbeing of the people living near our roads

Air quality

Reducing concentrations of harmful pollutants in the air to protect the health of our neighbours and road users

Reducing flooding on our roads and minimising flood risks to the communities who live alongside them.

Water quality

Stopping harmful discharges running off our roads in to ground and surface water, while restoring damaged and modified waterbodies.

Supporting government’s ambition - net zero carbon emissions by 2050. Cutting direct emissions. Driving supply chain energy and resource efficiency. Helping road users lower their carbon footprint.

Cultural heritage

Preserving sites of special historic or cultural interest near our roads, so they can be enjoyed by future generations.

Protecting and enhancing the character of the landscape surrounding our network. Helping our roads blend in with their natural setting.

Environmental legacy

Delivering better environmental, health and wellbeing outcomes. Adding value long after our work is finished.

The themes in this fund support our corporate targets to:

• mitigate road noise for 7,500 households in ‘noise important areas’
• ensure no net loss of biodiversity across all our activities by 2025
• bring agreed sections of the Strategic Road Network into compliance with legal NO2 limit values as soon as possible
• reduce carbon emissions resulting from our electricity consumption, fuel use and other day-to-day operational activities during the second Road Period (2020-2025)

Working with our partners, we’re achieving greater environmental outcomes together. Our progress so far includes:

Carbon reduction

We've contributed to a 48% reduction in our corporate carbon footprint.

Conservation

We've helped to conserve and enhance 14 sites of cultural and historic significance.

We've planted over 260 hectares of species-rich grassland to boost biodiversity and support pollinating insects.

Hull Minster

Transforming a heritage icon in to a city hub

Hull Minster was built by King Edward I at the same time as he created the city of Hull in 1285. It’s the only remaining building in Hull from that time; a heritage icon that reflects the entire history of the city and has potential to become more of a hub for residents and visitors.

As part of our A63 Castle Street improvement scheme, which passes just 100 metres from the church, we’ve invested £3.9 million through the Hull Minster Development Trust to safeguard the Minster’s heritage. Our goal is to create a sustainable future for the church as a magnificent place of worship, focal point for the community and magnet for visitors.

Our investment allows for a number of major improvements, including a glass, bronze and stone extension which will house a visitor and heritage centre with exhibition spaces, a café and other new visitor facilities. The extension will lead into a ‘heritage corridor’ within the church, creating a home for carefully curated exhibits about the history of Hull and the central role the church has played in it.

The development of an accessible visitor centre and café will help secure the long-term financial future of the Minster.

"Maintaining a heritage asset is very expensive and draws resources away from the core work of the church, so this grant is particularly useful in sustaining our mission to be a positive force and a place of care, compassion and support. It means we can now put more of our own resources into our outreach work, our education programmes and our support for the most isolated and vulnerable members of our community."

Electric vehicle trials

Improving air quality by switching to electric vans

An incentive scheme launched in January 2020 between Highways England and Leeds City Council is acting as a catalyst to encourage businesses with van fleets to make the switch from diesel to electric, by offering free two-month trials of electric vans to local businesses.

The scheme sits among a host of measures aimed at both improving air quality and tackling carbon emissions from road transport, as the UK takes steps to become a zero-carbon economy by 2050.

The Initiative

We provided more than £1.9 million funding to support the Council’s  Electric Van (EV) - trials scheme , which now has 42 small electric vans available for loan. The Council has invested a further £900,000 via a government grant, supporting the centre’s running for an initial two years.

The vans include a device for tracking journeys and charging costs, helping fleet managers understand the benefits and practicalities for their business, as well as providing an opportunity to test the compatibility of the technology with their operations.

Since the start of the year, hundreds of organisations have registered an interest in trialling a vehicle, from large and small businesses, to public and third sector organisations across West Yorkshire. And, as a result of an earlier pilot of the trials, South Yorkshire Police has invested in 12 electric vans, which are already significantly reducing the force’s emissions.

Meanwhile, we’re investing a further £9.3 million with other local authorities to extend the scheme to more areas, covering Coventry, Kent, Nottingham, Sheffield and Bristol.

Find out more about what we’re doing to deliver better air quality .

"The funding from Highways England is important. It’s allowing us to push ahead with the EV Trials Scheme on a more ambitious scale than would have been possible otherwise."

A38 Stover Park wetland

Collaborating to improve water quality and biodiversity.

Stover Park lake at Stover Country Park in Devon is a Site of Special Scientific Interest. Over the past 20 years, it had been slowly deteriorating, in part due to contaminated silt from the nearby A38 runoff. It needed a sustainable solution to mitigate contamination and enhance biodiversity.

The ambitious project to install a sustainable drainage system for the lake started in late November 2018. Completed in June 2019, it included the construction of two reed beds totalling 3800 square meters, to reduce the amount of pollutants being discharged into the reservoir.

Plans to improve biodiversity included the creation of a new wetland habitat, re-establishing species-rich grassland and the removal of 300 pine trees that were contributing to the acidification of water entering the lake.

Delivered in partnership between Highways England, Stover Country Park and Devon County Council, the project also had input and support from Natural England and the Environment Agency.

The new habitats created by the sustainable reed beds and grassland has already seen biodiversity flourish, with Stover Country Park reporting its first sightings of the rare Lesser Emperor Dragonfly and Green Sandpiper.

The original budget for the project was nearly £4.5 million, however, through effective collaboration, the project team achieved a delivery cost of just over £2.9 million.

"The system is an incredible asset; species such as Emperor and Common Darter dragonflies, Small Red-eyed damselflies, Herons and Kingfishers have already been seen in the reedbed ponds. The surrounding areas have also seen the re-establishment of species rich grassland which has added a significant habitat full of diversity. Initial water sampling indicates the system is already having an effect by improving the quality of the water entering the lake."

Society relies on our road network for work journeys and home deliveries, visits to friends and family, holidays and the goods and services we all depend on.

As technology and travel evolves, this fund is helping us look beyond road journeys to do more for our customers and neighbours. It has six themes aimed at meeting their needs:

Integration

Improving how our roads integrate with other local and national roads and modes of travel. Connecting the country through seamless journeys.

Walkers, cyclists and horse riders

Building new infrastructure and enhancing existing facilities to encourage sustainable, non-motorised forms of transport

Roadside facilities

Enhancing roadside facilities for anyone who needs to stop and take a break.

Communities

Supporting the communities most affected by changes to our network. Understanding their priorities and requirements.

Making improvements for the UK’s vital freight and road haulage sector, which contributes £11 billion each year to the economy.

Information

Helping road users to feel safe, make informed decisions and stay in control of their journeys.

• achieve an 82% road user satisfaction score for the first two years of the second Road Period (2020-2025) with year on year increases in the following years
• reduce the number of people killed or seriously injured on our roads by at least 50% (against the 2005-2009 average baseline) by the end of 2025

Our Users and communities fund is new, and runs from April 2020 until March 2025. Between 2015 and 2020, we used other designated funds to achieve similar aims, including:

In its first five months, our new ECHO feedback tool has collected 3,000 responses which we've used to make our services better.

We've completed 62 schemes that integrate our network with other transport infrastructure.

We're building 160 new and upgraded cycle ways to give cyclists a safer, high-quality network.

Managing travel demand

Helping people to make better travel decisions

Travel demand management is a set of strategies that can influence travel behaviour (how, when, why and where people travel) to increase the efficiency of transport systems and deliver economic, environmental and social benefits.

The Highways England Travel Demand Management (TDM) programme is helping people make better travel decisions by making their journeys to work less time consuming, more convenient, and cheaper.

In 2020, we invested £1.7million in a TDM initiative to support people’s journeys to work while we upgrade the M27 and M3. We’re collaborating with City Councils in Southampton and Portsmouth, and Hampshire County Council, while working with local employers and stakeholders.

The initiative focuses on providing tailored travel information on demand, while promoting access to additional sustainable transport measures, including better links to bus and cycle facilities.

By directing people onto alternative forms of transport, improving congestion reporting, and flagging alternative routes, our TDM funding aims to ignite long-term change in travel behaviour. These changes will support business continuity, and contribute to improvements in local air quality by alleviating congestion at critical times and locations.

"Given the scale and duration of the roadworks, there was a clear need to mitigate the impacts, particularly for those dependent on the motorway corridor to access work. As one of the largest employers in Southampton, Southampton City Council was keen to demonstrate our own commitment to Travel Demand Management by implementing a flexible working policy for colleagues. We’ll build on the changes we’ve made to reduce workforce travel as we encourage other companies across the region to do the same, encouraging long lasting behaviour change amongst road users."

Keswick Trail

Restoring a popular traffic-free route

The Keswick to Threlkeld Multi User Trail was severely damaged in Storm Desmond in December 2015, when two bridges across the River Greta were washed away, along with 200 metres of path. A third bridge was later closed to keep the public safe.

A £7.9 million funding package was agreed to enable work to start on reconnecting Keswick and the village of Threlkeld, four miles away. The new trail will provide a safe, accessible traffic-free route for tourists and the local community.

Started in early 2019, the work is expected to take about two years. Just over half of the £7.9 million cost for the final phase of this project is being met from our designated funds, with additional support from the European Regional Development Fund and community fundraising by the Lake District Foundation.

The trail runs alongside the A66 and will provide cyclists and other users with a safe and accessible alternative to travelling along the road. In addition to the reinstatement of the bridges and tunnel, a three-metre wide pathway will enable access for all users, including those who are mobility impaired.

The Keswick Trail will create:

• 30 new cycle crossings
• 23 upgraded cycle crossings
• over 13 miles of new cycleways
• 65 new pedestrian crossings
• 36 upgraded pedestrian crossings
• 1.5 miles of new footways

Hidden history

Bringing history to life with immersive experiences.

Archaeological investigation is an important part of all Highways England’s major infrastructure projects. As we’ve worked to improve England’s vital road transport arteries, many historically significant artefacts have been unearthed and preserved by our teams.

To preserve artefacts in a way that makes them accessible to all, we’ve invested in the latest technology to bring items of archaeological significance to life. Many finds are too fragile to go on public display, so we’ve developed an app which uses virtual reality to share these exciting discoveries. The app works on people’s phones with easily accessible and cost effective virtual reality kit, such as Google Cardboard. It’s also being used by museums, exhibitions and at events to bring visitors a fully immersive experience.

We’re now developing the app to include haptics for ‘feeling’ artefacts in the virtual world, and 4D smells for an enhanced experience of items such as woolly mammoth tusks and woolly rhino skulls.

On our A14 Cambridge to Huntingdon project, we unearthed:

• 6 tonnes of pottery
• a rare Anglo Saxon bone flute
• 3 Neolithic henges
• The earliest evidence of beer brewed in the UK

Technology is rapidly influencing the transport sector. We know we need to keep innovating to improve experiences on the road, while getting people where they need to be, safely and reliably.

Through this fund, we’re constantly exploring new ways to improve safety and journeys, connect the country and drive the economy.

We’re digitising our design processes, transforming how we’ll deliver the next generation of roads and finding better ways to protect our workforce and road users. We’ve invested over £120 million in 159 innovation initiatives between 2015 and 2020

Visit our  Innovation pages  to find out more about our research activities and how we’re collaborating with others to bring ideas to life.

The Innovation and Modernisation fund has five themes which are revolutionising travel and work on our roads:

Design, construction and maintenance

Finding more innovative and effective ways to design, build and maintain our roads

Connected and autonomous vehicles

Promoting semi-autonomous and autonomous vehicles. Prioritising user safety when developing new technologies.

Customer mobility

Providing seamless and sustainable journeys through reliable, information-rich highways

Energy and environment

Saving energy. Reducing environmental impact. Delivering value for money through sustainable road enhancements and renewals.

Unlocking capacity on our roads and making them safer and better for the people who use and work on them.

Innovation competitions

Investing in innovative ideas

In February 2019, alongside Innovate UK, we launched two competitions to encourage the country’s most creative minds to come up with ideas aimed at revolutionising roads and driving. We received more than 200 entries from a diverse network of innovators, with just over a third from micro companies employing fewer than 10 people.

Through the competitions we awarded £10 million in funding to six pilot projects and seven feasibility studies. These included concepts for new construction materials and road surface technologies, different ways of tackling air quality and providing real-time data to connected vehicles.

As an example, technology which could improve air quality by reducing the number of vehicle stop-starts at signalised motorway junctions was named one of the successful entries. The technology uses a technique known as Green Light Optimised Speed Advisory to provide drivers with speed advices that help them to pass through traffic lights during green intervals.

We’re in the process of further developing and testing the winning ideas, looking at how these new technologies can help to support our three imperatives of safety, customer service and delivery.

"The competitions have been a huge success and we’ve seen some amazing ideas come through. The winning initiatives are now well underway. We’re very much looking forward to seeing the final results and continuing our partnership with Highways England to support thought-leading innovations in the UK."

Transforming road markings

Leading the way for road standards

At Highways England, we’re always looking to improve how we operate and maintain our roads.

When road markings need to be altered or removed, for example when lane layouts change, the original marks can sometimes still appear as faint or ‘ghost’ lines, with the potential to confuse motorists, particularly in very bright or wet conditions.

To tackle this, we launched a global search through our Innovation designated fund, in partnership with Roadcare and Kier, to find effective road markings that can be removed without damaging the road surface, and don’t leave ‘ghost’ marks.

Thirty-six entries came in from around the world, and eight winners were chosen to trial their materials. This included lab trials in Madrid, where products were subjected to two million 'wheel overs', as well as real-world all-weather testing on the M5, in the south west.

The results

After the laboratory testing, the eight winning solutions were installed on the M5 in April 2019, with periodic testing of performance so that the team can assess the results against the data from the laboratory turntable testing in Madrid. The removal element of the trials will go ahead in September 2020, after being postponed due to Covid 19.

Once complete, the most successful products will be highlighted in research shared around the world - setting new standards for the road industry.

"Competitors from across the globe have told us how refreshing and inspiring it has been that Highways England is leading the way in looking for solutions to what is an international issue. They are fully supportive in helping to find a sustainable solution to road markings challenges."

Eyes in the sky

Going over and above to maintain our network

In a ground-breaking project with Network Rail, we trialled new technology on helicopters to monitor the country’s rail and road networks.

With ‘eyes in the sky’, our teams explored how we could improve road and rail network management and maintenance, while also protecting our workforce by reducing the amount of time spent on physical inspections.

Using a helicopter equipped with the latest aerial remote sensing technology, we assessed the UK’s road and rail networks, which are often in close proximity to each other. We trialled various technologies - hyperspectral remote sensor imaging, LiDAR and aerial photography - to assess their potential use in monitoring the condition of assets such as manholes, pipes and drainage systems. These technologies could also be used to identify faults or risks in our network to better plan and deliver vital maintenance and renewal work.

The information gathered through this trial has helped us and Network Rail explore new means of monitoring and maintaining our networks, understand potential infrastructure risks, improve road safety and help to plan maintenance.

Due to the successful joint working through this project, our organisations are now working on plans for further trials and collaborations.

"This project has been a real joint effort between two public bodies, and our collaborative approach has helped deliver great results. We’re now able to share more detailed information about our assets, enabling improved infrastructure maintenance and, ultimately, more reliable networks for the millions of users that rely on us every day."

Strong relationships and partnerships are important to us. We work with experts in their fields, from innovators and nature conservationists to safety and customer service specialists.

By helping us make better investments, providing co-funding or delivering on our behalf, our partners allow us to do more, together.

What we've achieved with Designated Funds so far

Between 2015 and 2020, we invested more than £653 million in over 2,000 initiatives that willimprove our network and its surroundings.

Working with us

Many of our designated funds initiatives collaborations with other organisations.

If you're already working with us and you have a new project proposal, discuss it with your current National Highways project contact.

• have a project or initiative that might be eligible for funding
• aren't already working with us

Complete our expression of interest form.

We'll consider your project if:

• it demonstrates the principles for funding, set out in our Designated funds plan 2020–2025
• a suitable procurement route can be identified.

If you have questions, or would like to discuss an idea before completing the Expression of interest form, please email our designated funds team .

Investment commitments reached for Roads Period 2 (April 2020 – March 2025)

Through our successful partnerships, we have currently reached our Designated Funds investment commitments in RP2.

Working in partnership with stakeholders remains an important part of how we aim to deliver in the future. We're keen to build relationships for partnership working in Roads Period 3 (April 2025 – March 2030).

Any new Expressions of Interest are unlikely to be funded in this Road Period and may be considered for the next Road Period.

Frequently asked questions

Our designated funds are separate to our core work of operating, maintaining and improving England’s strategic road network. They provide ring-fenced funding that we use to invest in and support initiatives that deliver lasting benefits for road users, the environment and communities across England.

Through four designated funding streams, we focus on making improvements that make the biggest difference. Unlike some of our other areas of work, like our Enhancements programme, these improvements are not specified in advance of our five-year road investment periods. Instead, we work flexibly with our customers and stakeholders to invest the funds where they are needed most over the course of the road period.

From 2020 to 2025 – our second road period - we’ll be investing £936 million in designated funds. Our four funding streams for this period are:

The Department for Transport provides the investment for designated funds as part of government’s Road Investment Strategy 2: 2020 to 2025 (RIS2).

RIS2 commits the government to spend a total of £27.4 billion during the second Road Period, which runs from 2020 to 2025. Some of this will be used to build new road capacity, but much more will be focused on improving the current strategic road network and its surroundings, so that every part of the country will benefit. Our designated funds - ring-fenced funding streams totalling £936m – come from this investment and play a vital role.

Our designated funds support a range of initiatives that help us to achieve our strategic ambitions and find new ways to improve our road network and its surroundings. The money we invest differs from project to project, from the thousands into the millions. For example, we typically invest our Safety and congestion fund in initiatives that cost between £100,000 and £3 million.

When we receive applications, we look at what a project costs, how it can demonstrate and deliver value for money, and what additional funding partners and stakeholders will provide to help meet the commitments of the initiative.

We welcome applications for funding from National Highways teams and external organisations from the public, third and private sectors. All applications will be subject to the same principles for funding.

You can find out more about the sorts of initiatives we’re looking to fund between 2020 and 2025 in our  Designated funds plan 2020-2025 .

We may also hold competitions for funding from specific designated funds during this period. These are open to any organisation, and provide opportunities for funding for those not already working with us, particularly small and medium sized enterprises. Find out more about previous competitions on our  Innovation Hub .

Our  Designated funds plan 2020-2025  sets out the details of all four funds including their purpose, how they align with our performance indicators and strategic priorities, and the specific criteria for funding.

Our list of resources will help you prepare an application that fits with our strategic priorities and the criteria for funding.

Our  Designated funds plan 2020-2025  covers key information about the programme, including the purpose of each fund, how they align with our performance indicators and strategic priorities, and the selection criteria for funding applications. It also explains how to start the application process, and make sure that your application supports the aims and themes of the fund that you are applying for.

If you’re a National Highways colleague, or are already working with us, contact your local designated funds lead for more information about how to apply for funding from our designated funds.

If you’re not already working with us, but have a project or initiative that might be eligible for funding, please tell us more about it by completing an  Expression of interest form .

If you have further questions about our designated funds, or would like to discuss an idea before completing an Expression of interest form, please email our  designated funds team . We’ll connect you with the best person in our organisation to answer any questions you might have and guide you through the application and appraisal process in more detail.

Between 2015 and 2020, we invested more than £650 million in over 2,000 initiatives through our designated funds, finding new ways to improve our road network and its surroundings. Projects included building cycleways and safer road crossings that better integrate our network with other modes of transport, and vital research into methods for improving air quality around our roads.

We also supported projects that reduced noise for people living near our network, and worked with partners to drive forward innovation designed to protect and improve the environment. We’ve helped to improve the safety, health and wellbeing of people traveling and working on our network and the communities surrounding it.

The case studies on this page tell some of the stories from projects funded through our designated funds so far.

The success of our designated funds, and the initiatives we support through them, is based on the contribution they make to delivering our vision for a safer, smoother and more sustainable strategic road network.

We have agreed six performance outcomes with the Department for Transport covering the second road period:

• Improving safety for all
• Providing fast and reliable journeys
• A well-maintained and resilient network
• Delivering better environmental outcomes
• Meeting the needs of all users
• Achieving efficient delivery

When it comes to our designated funds, we expect projects to help us address and deliver these outcomes, and the targets, ambitions and priorities set out in our fund plan.

These are diverse, ranging from improving the condition of drainage systems on our roads, to reducing noise surrounding our network and helping us understand the needs of logistics and coach drivers.

For more details on the specific performance indicators we’ll measure our designated funds work against, read our  Designated funds plan 2020-2025 .

If you have questions that aren’t answered here, please use the links below to be directed to the relevant contact information for your request.

Press and media

General questions and current applications

These documents set out our investment priorities for 2020 to 2025. Your funding application should demonstrate an understanding of our plans, as well as how your idea can help.

Road Investment Strategy 2: 2020-2025 Strategic business plan 2020-2025

Operational Metrics Manual (sets out the performance measures that National Highways is monitored against).

Customer service strategy

Connecting our customers 2020-21

Cycling and Walking Investment Strategy

Environment Strategy: Our approach

A Green Future: Our 25 Year Plan to Improve the Environment  

Sustainable development strategy: Our approach

The Road to Zero: Next steps towards cleaner road transport and delivering our Industrial Strategy

Home Safe and Well: Our approach to health, safety and wellbeing