degree level education

College degrees in order: A complete list

College degrees in order of education level start with an associate degree, followed by a bachelor's degree, master's, and doctorate. This guide introduces each degree and details time lengths, prerequisites, common fields of study, and reasons to pursue the degree.  

Whether you're just starting to think about college or considering graduate school, this page might help.

Associate degree

Length of time to complete: One to two years Number of credits required: ~60

Best online associate degrees: Our top picks

An online associate degree equips graduates with the skills, training, and credentials for many entry-level jobs and continuing education paths.

High school graduates or GED completers who pursue an associate degree may want to enter the workforce quickly, save money, complete prerequisites toward a bachelor's, or explore a field of study before committing to a four-year program. 

Community colleges and technical schools award business administration associate degrees and computer science associate degrees , along with degrees in other popular areas like healthcare, liberal arts and sciences, and criminal justice. Learners looking for flexibility while they work or attend to family responsibilities or those interested in accelerating their studies can explore online associate degree options.

Associate degree curriculums may include internships, practicums, or capstone projects. In addition to a high school or GED transcript, you may need a minimum GPA or ACT/SAT scores.  

Associate degree types

Associate degree types include the three listed below. 

An associate of applied science appeals to students anxious to begin working in positions like paralegal and registered nurse. Associate of arts and associate of science degrees serve students interested in bachelor's programs or entry-level jobs. 

• Associate of Applied Science (AAS)
• Associate of Arts (AA)
• Associate of Science (AS)

Bachelor's degree

Length of time to complete: Four years Number of credits required: ~120 

Best online bachelor's degrees: Top undergrad degrees

The best online bachelor's degrees check all the right boxes when it comes to curricula, cost, and convenience. We've broken down our top picks here.

Bachelor's degrees prepare students to enter many professions, including accounting, engineering, and information technology. They also provide a gateway to graduate study.

Four-year colleges and universities offer bachelor's degrees. Online bachelor's degree programs offer opportunities to earn accelerated bachelor's degrees in one to three years. 

Admission typically requires a high school diploma or GED certificate, ACT/SAT scores, minimum GPAs, and prerequisite courses.

Bachelor's programs often offer internships and require graduates to complete capstone projects, practicums, or research papers. The four-year curriculum includes roughly two years of general studies and two years of major coursework. 

Students can often transfer in after earning their associate degrees for the final two years of a bachelor's program. 

SEE: Getting an internship with a tech company: Your how-to guide

Bachelor's degree types

Featured below are types of bachelor's degrees. They prepare you for careers in architecture and business administration or graduate study in the arts, fine arts, sciences, and humanities. 

• AAS-holders often return to school to advance their careers with a bachelor's of applied science.
• Bachelor of Applied Science (BAS)
• Bachelor of Architecture (B.Arch.)
• Bachelor of Arts (BA)
• Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA)
• Bachelor of Fine Arts (BFA)
• Bachelor of Science (BS)

Master's degree

Length of time to complete: One to three years Number of credits required: ~30  

Best online master's programs: Our top picks for 2022

We've chosen the best schools for online master's programs to provide you with expertise and credibility to thrive in your career.

Bachelor's degree-holders pursue master's degrees to advance their careers, increase their salaries, enter administrative or management positions, or prepare for doctoral study. 

You should expect an intensive program with internships , a capstone project or thesis, and comprehensive examinations. Enrollees specialize their studies in specific areas within their fields of study, such as nurse anesthesia or software engineering.  

Master's programs, especially those in executive-level business topics, may carry big price tags . But master's degrees can increase graduates' salaries by approximately 20%. 

You can opt for online master's programs , which may also offer the cheapest master's degrees . 

Some of the most in-demand master's degrees include advanced practice nursing, business administration, computer and information sciences, engineering, and healthcare administration.  

Master's degree types

A master of science covers areas like nursing, engineering, computer science, and biological sciences. Specific professional degrees include MBAs, healthcare and public health leadership, education, and social work. Many published writers hold MFA degrees.

• Master of Business Administration (MBA)
• Master of Education (M.Ed.)
• Master of Fine Arts (MFA)
• Master of Laws (LL.M.)
• Master of Public Administration (MPA)
• Master of Public Health (MPH)
• Master of Publishing (M.Pub.)
• Master of Science (MS)
• Master of Social Work (MSW)

SEE: Best online MBA degrees

Doctoral degree

Length of time to complete: Four to eight years Number of credits required: Highly variable

Best online Ph.D. programs: Doctoral degrees ranked

Online Ph.D. programs provide a flexible, effective path to becoming an expert in your field. Here are our top picks for the best online doctoral degrees to meet your needs.

Large research universities award doctoral degrees. Some, such as online Ph.D. programs , are offered remotely. 

Doctoral programs may require bachelor's or master's degrees, recommendation letters, and research proposals. 

Doctorates in areas like law, business administration, and medicine can be expensive. Many learners take out loans and apply for scholarships. 

Ph.D. programs, on the other hand, may offer teaching or research assistantships and stipends. This assistance can reduce or eliminate tuition costs.

Doctoral programs require several years to complete and prepare graduates for academic roles, executive positions, and top-level professional careers, including attorneys, doctors, psychiatrists, and educational administrators. 

You should expect extensive research projects or dissertations, clinicals and residencies, and/or comprehensive exams.

Doctoral degree types

The degrees listed below illustrate the range of doctorates available. For students who want to become faculty members at large research institutions or professionals like dentists, doctors, and lawyers, a doctoral degree often provides the only path.

• Doctor of Business Administration (DBA)
• Doctor of Dental Surgery (DDS)
• Doctor of Education (Ed.D.)
• Doctor of Medicine (MD)
• Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm.D.)
• Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.)
• Doctor of Psychology (Psy.D.)
• Juris Doctor (JD)

READ THIS: Best online doctorate in business administration 2022

ZDNET recommends

How do academic degrees go in order?

There are four types of degrees. In order of level of education, they rank as associate degree, bachelor’s degree, master’s or graduate degrees, and doctorate or professional degrees.

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College Degree Levels [2024 Guide]

What are the different college degree levels? You may be curious about what the education pathway looks like when you follow it to the top. Take a look at all you need to know!

It’s probably not surprising to hear that wages are almost universally higher in occupations that require college degrees for entry than occupations that don’t.

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You may stand to potentially earn hundreds of thousands of dollars more over the course of your career if you get that degree in!

What Are the Levels of College Degrees?

There are actually four different types of degree levels to pursue; two in an undergraduate degree program and two in the graduate degree program. Each degree level can help equip you to specialize in your particular field.

The Associate Degree

An Associate degree can typically be earned as part of a two-year program that provides you with a very basic understanding of the topic of study. However, there’s actually quite a bit of range within this degree path.

Most people pursue Associate degrees because they’re looking to obtain entry-level positions in their desired fields. You commonly see this with nursing and education majors.

A percentage of people who earn Associate degrees simply stop there because this level of education provides all the qualifications needed for their degree paths.

Other students see an Associate degree as a bridge to another degree. For instance, you may complete a two year degree before jumping to a four-year school to earn a Bachelor’s degree. This often creates an affordable way to get your core classes done.

The Associate of Applied Science degree is a popular option among people who are interested in transferring to four-year programs. In contrast, an Occupational Associate Degree (O.A.D.) helps provide the hands-on training that may get graduates placed into career roles right away.

The Bachelor’s Degree

A Bachelor’s degree is that “traditional” four-year degree most of us know about. Bachelor programs are offered in just about every field. This includes education, nursing, computer science, biology, chemistry, film, foreign language, music theory, history, and the arts.

A Bachelor’s degree consists of general, core, and elective courses. All students start off taking the same general classes. Students then branch out based on the requirements of their majors.

There are actually different distinctions within the umbrella of the Bachelor’s degree. Here’s a look:

• Bachelor of Arts (B.A)
• Bachelor of Science (B.S)
• Bachelor of Business Administration (B.B.A)
• Bachelor of Fine Arts (B.F.A)
• Bachelor of Architecture (B.Arch)

A Bachelor’s degree essentially serves two functions for graduates. Students may graduate equipped to enter the job market and pursue everything from entry-level to management positions.

In addition, a Bachelor’s degree can be a stepping stone on the way to a Master’s program.

The Master’s Degree

A Master’s degree can be obtained after a Bachelor’s degree. Most students complete a Master’s degree within one to two years. A Master’s program allows a student to focus on a very specific concentration of study.

Master’s programs are available for a wide range of fields. Here’s a look at the common degree types:

• Master of Arts (M.A.)
• Master of Fine Arts (M.F.A)
• Master of Science (A.M.S.)
• Master of Research (M. Res.)
• Master of Philosophy (M.Phil)
• Master of Laws (L.L.M)
• Master of Business Administration (M.B.A)

It’s not necessary to jump to a Master’s program immediately after completing a Bachelor’s degree. Some students prefer to get in a few years of work experience before applying to graduate programs. Others go immediately from an undergraduate program to a Master’s program.

The Doctoral Degree

A Doctoral degree is earned through a Ph.D. program. A Doctoral degree is considered to be the most advanced degree possible. Many Doctoral candidates desire to work in research or academic settings.

A Doctoral program is rigorous. Students are often required to do unique and independent research while also conducting hands-on work and completing heavy course loads. Here’s a look at some of the different Doctoral specialties:

• Doctor of Medicine (M.D.)
• Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.)
• Doctor of Education (Ed. D.)
• Juris Doctor (J.D.)
• Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (D.O)
• Doctor of Dental Surgery (D.D.S)
• Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (D.V.M)

It often takes several years to complete a Doctoral program. Most medical programs require at least four years of study. In addition, medical students are typically required to complete residency programs.

What Degree Is 4 Years of College?

The Bachelor’s degree is the degree that traditionally follows a four-year path. Some students that take extra credits each semester may be able to shave off a whole three to four months of schooling, which is how long a college semester is typically. 

Additionally, some students find that it takes five years to complete degree programs due to class availability, semester-long internships, or year-long co-op programs.

Do You Have to Take the College Degree Levels in Order?

This is a complicated question to answer. Let’s start by talking about what’s pretty much universally true. A Bachelor’s degree is going to be the baseline degree for both Master’s programs and Doctorate programs.

An Associate degree is what comes before the Bachelor’s degree. However, some people simply jump right into a Bachelor’s program without any need for an Associate program.

Every Master’s program requires a Bachelor’s degree. However, there’s some variation when it comes to requirements for Doctorate programs.

Some Doctorate programs require you to have a Master’s degree in a related field. Others will accept students with Bachelor’s degrees.

It is also possible that a Doctoral program will allow you to put some of the credits and work done through a Master’s program toward a Doctoral degree.

The short answer is that everything has to be done in order. For instance, it would be impossible to obtain a Master’s degree without first obtaining a Bachelor’s degree.

What Is the Highest Degree You Can Get in College?

A Doctoral degree is the highest degree you can obtain in any field of study. It is often referred to as being a “terminal degree” for this reason.

How Many Credits Do You Need for the Different College Grade Levels?

Your path to graduation is generally based on how many credits you earn instead of how many classes you take. A Bachelor’s degree requires 120 credits in total. Here’s a rundown of the credits needed for each undergraduate grade level:

• Freshman: 0 to 29
• Sophomore: 30 to 59
• Junior: 60 to 89
• Senior: 90 or more

A student will more than likely be on track to graduate within four years if they have 90 credits going into their senior year. Of course, some students graduate with far more than 120 credits. This is especially true in the case of a double major.

You don’t get to stop thinking about credits just because you’ve graduated with a Bachelor’s degree. Anyone going on to obtain a Master’s or Doctoral degree will need to complete specific credit totals to qualify for degrees.

How many credits do you need for a Master’s degree? Most programs require anywhere from 35 to 55-semester credits to be completed. The average credit requirement is somewhere around 40.

The credit total required for most graduate programs typically works out to be around 18 to 20 courses. That might not seem like a lot. However, it’s important to remember that these are often very intense courses.

Most four-year Doctoral programs require between 90 and 120-semester credits. That works out to somewhere around 30 or 40 courses! This is one of the reasons why many people opt to pursue Doctoral degrees on a full-time basis!

What Are the Admission Requirements for the Different Degree Levels in College?

Both Associate degrees and Bachelor’s degrees require high school diplomas or equivalent. Additionally, colleges and universities almost universally require either the SAT or ACT exam.

Specific requirements regarding test scores, GPA, entry exams, letters of recommendation, and extracurricular activities will vary by school. You will need to base your decisions regarding where to apply on your own qualifications versus a school’s requirements.

Entry into a Master’s degree program varies by school. Most require a 3.0 GPA in a related undergraduate field of study.

It is often necessary to pass the Graduate Record Examination (GRE), Graduate Management Admission Test (GMAT), or Law School Admission Test (LSAT). Although a growing number of graduate schools have no GRE or GMAT requirement for admission.

A Doctoral program will often require a Master’s degree in a related field of study. However, some programs do accept graduates with Bachelor’s degrees only. Most Doctoral programs require a minimum GPA of 3.3 or 3.5.

The Law School Admission Test (LSAT) and the Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) are two exams that are commonly required for entry into Doctoral programs.

What Is Accreditation College Degrees?

Did you know that all degree programs aren’t the same? In fact, where you decide to study may shape your odds of landing the job you want after graduation. The school you choose may also impact your ability to be accepted into another degree program down the road. Let’s talk accreditation!

Yes, you really are going to need to know a bit about accreditation when making the best education choice. This means you’ll need to be proactive about asking questions as you research schools.

Accreditation is a form of “quality control” within the education sector. The U.S. Department of Education isn’t actually the entity responsible for granting accreditation.

The Department of Education instead approves a set of independent agencies utilizing the guidance of the National Advisory Committee on Institutional Quality and Integrity (NACIQI).

The agencies that are approved review the programs offered by colleges and universities using strict and rigorous guidelines.

What are some of the things that accrediting agencies look at? Factors like educational resources, student services, and faculty are at the top of the list. Additionally, accrediting agencies also take a close look at the quality of learning provided.

The most important type of accreditation to look at for most programs is regional accreditation. Here’s the list of the seven regional accreditations that signal a college or university offers a quality experience for students:

• The Accrediting Commission for Community and Junior Colleges (ACCJC)/Western Association of Schools and Colleges
• The Higher Learning Commission (H.L.C.)
• The Middle States Commission on Higher Education (MSCHE)
• The New England Commission of Higher Education (NECHE)
• The Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities (NWCCU)
• The Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges (SACSCOC)
• The WASC Senior College and University Commission (WSCUC)

There are also nationwide and international accrediting bodies to consider. The list includes the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB), the Accreditation Council for Business Schools and Programs (ACBSP), and the International Accreditation Council for Business Education (IACBE).

What Are the Financial Aid Opportunities for the Different Levels of Degrees in College?

You may have robust options for financial aid at every degree level. Here’s a rundown of what’s available:

Associate Degree: Federal loans, education tax credits, work-study programs, and private scholarships.

Bachelor’s Degree: Federal loans, education tax credits, work-study programs, and private scholarships.

Master’s Degree: Federal loans, education tax credits, work-study programs, private scholarships, and state grants.

Doctoral Degree: Federal loans, education tax credits, scholarships, fellowships, grants, teaching assistantships, and research assistantships.

Some of the specific loan options to look into include the Federal Pell Grant, the Federal Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grant (FSEOG), the Federal Stafford loan, the Federal PLUS loan, and the Higher Education Grant.

Check what government aid you qualify for by submitting the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) . Don’t forget that employer-sponsored tuition reimbursement could be in the cards for you if your employer allows.

How can you get your employer to pay for a degree? Most employers that have tuition reimbursement programs require you to attend a college or university that is on their list of approved schools. In addition, you will probably be required to maintain a certain G.P.A. to be reimbursed for tuition costs every semester.

Are You Ready to Choose Your Degree Path?

It’s always a good time to carve out a fresh start if you’re looking to start a new career or reach new levels in the one you already have.

Don’t forget that signing up for an Associate or undergraduate program today might mean that you’ll be applying to Ph.D. programs in just a few years!

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What are the 4 Types of College Degrees?

Know before you read At SNHU, we want to make sure you have the information you need to make decisions about your education and your future—no matter where you choose to go to school. That's why our informational articles may reference careers for which we do not offer academic programs, along with salary data for those careers. Cited projections do not guarantee actual salary or job growth.

Going to college to earn your degree can help you develop new skills and unlock new job opportunities and salary potential.* But what's the best degree for you?

Whether you're looking to return to school, change careers  or pursue a promotion, it's valuable to consider how the different degrees can help you reach your goals. Understanding how to advance through the levels, how long each program can take and the types of degrees available can be a great starting point to determine which degree is right for you.

What are the Degree Levels in Order?

Explore the list of degrees from lowest to highest. Discover the benefits of each type of degree and learn about how the various levels can help you achieve your goals.

Find Your Program

1. types of associate degrees.

If you’re just starting out with higher education or want to add education credentials to real-world experience, an associate degree  could be a great fit. Associate degrees are typically 60 credits and can be completed in 2 years or less . They can be a great first step toward earning an entry-level job or promotion.

Some types of associate degrees you can consider include:

• Associate in accounting
• Associate in criminal justice
• Associate in digital photography
• Associate in information technology
• Associate in liberal arts
• Associate in marketing

There are great benefits and opportunities that come with starting with an associate degree. For example, earning an associate degree can have a significant economic impact. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics ( BLS ), associate degree holders earned nearly 18% more than workers with only a high school diploma in 2023. *

If you’re unsure about starting a bachelor’s degree program, earning an associate degree is a great way to kickstart your education and enter the workforce before enrolling in a more advanced degree. If you decide to continue to a bachelor’s program, your associate degree credits are typically transferred into the program, allowing you to complete a bachelor's degree faster .

In the months leading into the pandemic, Tillman had lost one of her greatest supporters, her grandmother. And at graduation, Tillman wore a stole honoring her. "I made a promise to my family that I was going to complete school," she said. "That's why I went on to continue (to a bachelor's)."

She walked at SNHU's Fall 2022 Commencement  nearly two years later, earning her Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) .

Read more: Is an Associate Degree Worth It?

2. Types of Bachelor's Degrees

Designed to be completed in 4-years, bachelor’s degree programs  provide in-depth knowledge and skills across a wide variety of career paths to help you stand out in today’s competitive job market. Bachelor's program lengths will vary based on your pacing, so it could become a 6-year degree, depending on how many classes you take at a time and whether you take any terms off.

"I plan to advocate for the little guy," she said. "Hopefully, no one will have to go through the obstacles that I've gone through, and if there's anything I can do to help, I am glad to do so."

Muhammed said she also wants to start life coaching for those who may need a little extra motivation and guidance.

In today’s competitive hiring climate, it pays to advance from an associate to a bachelor’s . * According to BLS, bachelor’s degree holders earned about 41% more in 2023 than workers with an associate degree.*

Bachelor’s degrees like a Bachelor of Science (BS) and Bachelor of Arts (BA) offer more opportunities to focus your learning on a specialized area of study. With a business administration bachelor’s degree , for example, you can concentrate your studies on anything from finance, accounting and healthcare management to marketing, entrepreneurship and public administration.

Earning a bachelor’s degree opens the door to advancing your education with a graduate-level degree — an increasingly common step for workers looking to further their careers.

Read more: Is a Bachelor's Degree Worth It?  

3. Types of Master’s Degrees

Earning a master’s degree can be a great way to position yourself for growth in your desired field. And everyone's path to a master's degree looks different.

Following his time in the military, he worked in the offshore oil industry for several years before deciding to return home and finish his bachelor's degree online.

Shortly after, he became a military academic advisor for SNHU. He then began pursuing his master's degree.

At SNHU's 2023 Fall Commencement , all his hard work paid off as he walked across the stage, earning his Master of Business Administration (MBA) in Project Management .

"I think that having my master's degree is going to help move me onto the next phase of hopefully becoming a project manager," he said.

Employers are also increasing their demand for master’s degree holders.* According to BLS data, jobs requiring master’s degrees are projected to grow by 11.3% through 2032, the largest growth of all the degree types.*

Earning a master’s degree can open the door to advancement within your company, help you tackle new career goals and can also boost your long-term earning potential.* Master’s degree holders’ median weekly earnings were about 16% higher than bachelor’s degree holders and 64% higher than associate degree holders in 2023, according to BLS.*

Master’s degrees, like Master of Science (MS) or Master of Arts (MA), are available across a wide variety of subjects. Master of Business Administration (MBA) programs  are among the most well-known master’s degree programs, with opportunities to study finance, accounting, international business, criminal justice, information technology management and more.

If you’re looking to advance your education even further, you may be wondering what comes after a master’s degree.

Read more: Is a Master's Degree Worth It?  

4. Types of Doctoral Degrees

If you’re looking to advance your education to the highest degree in college , a doctoral degree may be right for you.

Depending on your industry and career goals, there are several types of doctoral degrees to consider. A few include:

• Doctor of Business Administration (DBA): A terminal degree tailored to business professionals looking to explore, examine and address business issues. DBA programs are not currently available at SNHU.
• Doctor of Education (EdD): A doctoral degree geared toward leaders (and aspiring leaders) in educational organizations and the education system itself.
• Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) : An academic doctorate available to a range of fields. A PhD is typically required to become a professor and can help you start a career in research.

"I can see how much the president of a university can impact the trajectory of a school over time, and I'd like to be part of that for an institution," she said.

So, she decided to earn her EdD in Educational Leadership  from SNHU. As she walked across the stage at SNHU's 2023 Spring Commencement , she hoped anyone earning their degree would see her and be inspired to pursue their doctorate.

Doctoral degrees can take up to 7-years of intense study to complete. After completing doctoral degree coursework, you might sit for comprehensive subject matter exams. A dissertation based on your research interests may also be required and reviewed by a committee of graduate school faculty.

Read more: Is a Doctorate Degree Worth It?

Determining Your Educational Path

Each career has its own unique job requirements, and there are often benefits to remaining in the workforce, building your resume  and working toward a college degree simultaneously. Companies may even offer tuition assistance programs that can help you pay for college .

If you research and reflect on your long-term goals, you’ll be on the path toward finding what type of degree is right for you.

A degree can change your life. Find the SNHU degree that can help you meet your goals.

*Cited job growth projections may not reflect local and/or short-term economic or job conditions and do not guarantee actual job growth. Actual salaries and/or earning potential may be the result of a combination of factors including, but not limited to: years of experience, industry of employment, geographic location, and worker skill.

Danielle Gagnon is a freelance writer focused on higher education. She started her career working as an education reporter for a daily newspaper in New Hampshire, where she reported on local schools and education policy. Gagnon served as the communications manager for a private school in Boston, MA before later starting her freelance writing career. Today, she continues to share her passion for education as a writer for Southern New Hampshire University. Connect with her on LinkedIn .

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About southern new hampshire university.

SNHU is a nonprofit, accredited university with a mission to make high-quality education more accessible and affordable for everyone.

Founded in 1932, and online since 1995, we’ve helped countless students reach their goals with flexible, career-focused programs . Our 300-acre campus in Manchester, NH is home to over 3,000 students, and we serve over 135,000 students online. Visit our about SNHU  page to learn more about our mission, accreditations, leadership team, national recognitions and awards.

Types of College Degrees and What They Mean

Going back to school is a way for many Americans to expand their professional opportunities and increase their income. Future students have a plethora of options to choose from depending on their field of study, and this guide provides a foundation to help understand the types of degrees that are available. 

Certificates, Certifications, Diplomas

Depending on your reason for going back to school, there are a few options to consider that impact the financial and time commitment of a particular program. 

Diplomas  typically take the most time to complete and require the largest financial investment, while  certificates  can provide a shorter timeline to completion and may satisfy industry requirements depending on the field of study.  Certifications  help current professionals showcase their industry-specific knowledge to achieve a promotion or demonstrate a specialty. 

Certificates, certifications, and diplomas all require at least a high school diploma or GED.

Types of Associate Degrees and Undergraduate Degrees 

The shortest degree program is the associate track, which typically lasts two years and can be pursued in-person or online via community colleges and some four-year institutions. Graduates with an associate degree can either transfer to a four-year college to complete their bachelor’s degree or directly enter the workforce. 

Depending on your field of study, students might pursue an associate of arts (AA) or associate of applied science (AAS) tracks. The coursework of an AA or AS degree often includes humanities and liberal arts while an AAS teaches practical skills within a field. Your degree track also influences which institutions they can transfer into post-graduation. 

Many students choose to pursue a full four-year bachelor’s degree program due to the variety of majors and subjects offered at the university level. 

Bachelor’s degrees are almost always required to apply to graduate degree programs and provide students the option to enter the workforce immediately after graduation. For example, a Bachelor’s of Arts in Communication graduate can apply to entry-level marketing positions right after they finish school. 

Graduates with a bachelor of business administration have the option to apply for an MBA after graduation to further their studies or apply to entry-level business positions.

Graduate Degree Types

Graduate degrees are advanced degrees that typically require students to have at least a baccalaureate. To apply to a graduate program, Depending on the format and subject matter of a particular degree, master’s programs last anywhere from nine months to four years.

An MBA teaches important business skills in various fields like human resources, finance, and accounting. Many graduates pursue their MBA immediately after they receive their undergraduate degrees, while others enter the workforce first to gain experience prior to applying to a program. 

These programs are offered in a variety of formats, so whether it’s in-person, online, or at night, there are options for everyone. For those with c-level positions in mind, an Executive MBA is a way for them to showcase their prior experience through a business lens. 

Professional Degrees and Doctorate Degrees

Depending on students’ fields of study and desired career paths, professional or doctorate degrees may be required. These terminal programs represent the highest level of education possible in their respective fields.

To practice law, students are required to complete a Doctor of Jurisprudence, or Juris Doctor, program. These law degrees are usually offered in a three-year format and can be paired with a variety of master’s degrees depending on the intended sector or field of work. 

After earning a JD, aspiring lawyers must pass the Bar exam. The Bar exam is specific to the state that a lawyer intends to practice law, so students should plan on identifying where they want to live before they take that next step. 

Nursing Degree Levels

Those planning on entering the lucrative and growing field of nursing must earn specific degrees for specific roles. Here are the most common types of nursing degrees. 

LPN and LVN nurses receive more guidance and schooling than CNA nurses and spend up to two years in their program before they can enter the workplace. 

To become an LPN or LVN, you must complete an approved program in the state where you want to work. LPN’s should be sure that they apply to accredited nursing schools and should expect to be in-person for a majority of the time. Once an LPN or LVN graduates, they can expect an increase in pay compared to CNA-level positions. 

Choosing The Best College Degree For You

Future students should be excited that there are so many degree options to choose from and in a range of formats. Each year more and more online degree programs are developed to help provide flexibility for those that work full-time.

• https://www.bls.gov/ooh/healthcare/registered-nurses.htm
• https://www.bls.gov/ooh/legal/lawyers.htm
• https://www.bls.gov/ooh/management/postsecondary-education-administrators.htm
• https://www.bls.gov/ooh/healthcare/physicians-and-surgeons.htm
• https://sps.columbia.edu/academics/masters/technology-management/executive-master-science

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College degree levels in order

Updated February 1, 2024.

Written by Michael Feder

Reviewed by Marc Booker , PhD,  Vice Provost, Strategy

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In this article

• College degree levels in order from associate to doctoral, as well as certificates as academic credentials.
• The difference between Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Science degrees.
• How to choose degree levels that align with your career goals.

When planning for college and your educational future, it's important to consider all the steps between you and your goals . Chief among these is the depth of knowledge you'd like to attain on a given subject. Are you looking to lay the basic groundwork for a career change or to forge new ideas in your field?

How you answer that question can largely determine the degree — or degrees — you choose to pursue. College degree levels progress in terms of academic achievement. Knowing the types of college degree levels in order can help you determine just how far you'd like to take your academic studies and which ones may be right for you based on your prior educational journey.

It's also important to consider each degree type's time and financial requirements, and a given degree's impact on your career prospects. You might, for example, research what education is typically required for a position in your desired field and which degrees can help you gain skills to potentially move forward in your career. This can help you figure out the degree level you need to pursue your goals.

What are the four types of degrees and their levels?

In terms of level of study, the college degree programs in order are:

• Associate degree
• Bachelor’s degree
• Master’s degree
• Doctoral degree

It’s important to think of college degree levels in order for a few reasons. For starters, knowledge for a bachelor’s degree differs dramatically from what’s required for a doctoral degree. Moving through the degrees in order allows you to leverage previous academic knowledge to address new challenges. Prior education can form a strong foundation for future learning.

It's also important to consider the different time and financial requirements of each degree level and a given degree’s impact on your career prospects. You might, for example, research what education is typically required for a position in your desired field. This can help you determine the level of education you need to earn to reach your goals.

1. Associate degree

Whether looking to move on to a bachelor's degree or join the workforce right away, many students take advantage of the flexibility and affordability of an associate degree.

Associate degrees are beyond a high school diploma but short of a bachelor's degree. In terms of coursework, they are designed to take 15 credit hours per semester to be completed over approximately two years , though students may take longer. 

Associate of Arts (AA) and Associate of Science (AS)

Both AA and AS degrees can provide an entry point into a field of study. Students can build on the credits earned and knowledge gained in these programs and go on to earn a bachelor’s degree to further their studies.

An associate degree is a good option for those who want to earn a degree in a shorter time and aren’t ready for a four-year program. However, the number of credits students can transfer will depend on the institution offering the bachelor’s degree and the course of study chosen.

Examples of AA and AS degrees:

• Business Fundamentals associate degree
• Criminal Justice associate degree
• Cybersecurity associate degree

Associate of Applied Arts (AAA) and Associate of Applied Science (AAS)

AAA and AAS degrees are similar to the other associate degrees but tend to incorporate a more hands-on experience in the classroom and specialized courses. They are designed to provide practical skills and knowledge that students can use in the workforce. University of Phoenix does not offer AAA or AAS degrees but offers other associate degree programs.

2. Bachelor's degree

If you're looking for work, chances are you've noticed that a common prerequisite for employment in many fields is the completion of a bachelor's degree program. With this degree, you demonstrate a strong, foundational level of know-how related to your field.

Of all the college degree levels, jobs requiring a bachelor’s degree have the largest projected growth through 2026 , according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). A bachelor's degree is typically designed to take about four years to complete, though students sometimes take longer. During that time, students take a deep dive into their field of study, often taking several semesters' worth of courses that include lectures, examinations and hands-on experience.

In a traditional four-year bachelor's degree program, students take general education classes primarily during their first two years of schooling. These classes are meant to give students a broad base of knowledge outside their specialization. In the second two years, they take classes that are more focused on the area of study related to their interests and career goals.

Many students choose to satisfy their general education requirements by taking these classes at a community college. They can then use those credits when transferring to and being admitted to a college or university.

Transferability of credit is at the discretion of the receiving institution. It's the student's responsibility to confirm whether credits earned at University of Phoenix will be accepted by another institution of the student's choice.

Bachelor of Arts (BA) 

A BA represents completing an undergraduate program that focuses on a discipline in the arts or humanities. A BA differs from other types of bachelor's degrees in that it tends to emphasize critical thinking and insights in the chosen area of study.

While a BA program has many required classes, students pursuing a BA tend to have more leeway as to how they plan and complete their studies.

• English bachelor’s degree

Bachelor of Science (BS)

As opposed to the more philosophical nature of a BA that focuses on the humanities, a Bachelor of Science tends to focus more on technical and scientific areas of a discipline. While some subjects (like business) can be studied in both BA and BS programs, the latter will likely focus more on a singular path of study with less emphasis on courses in other subjects.

If you have a specific academic focus and career path in mind and aren't as interested in learning about other liberal arts subjects, then a BS program may be more aligned with your goals. These programs tend to hone in on the practical application of a course of study, in which you gain abilities and expertise you can apply immediately when you enter the workforce.

• Accounting bachelor's degree
• Business Administration bachelor's degree
• Health Management bachelor's degree

Bachelor of Fine Arts (BFA)

A BFA is a specific kind of bachelor's degree pursued by students in the arts, particularly performing arts, visual arts and music.

What distinguishes BFA programs from BA programs? A BFA tends to include more focused study and hands-on work, sometimes in a studio, and less emphasis on examinations and lectures.

3. Master's degree

Wondering what types of college degrees you can earn after a bachelor's degree?

While many students stop after earning an undergraduate degree, other graduates — motivated by employment requirements or simply a curious mind — opt to go back to college to go further with their subject of choice.

Typically, master's programs require successful completion of 30 to 60 semester credits. Some master's programs are shorter and can be earned in a year, depending on the college and how many classes the student takes.

Regardless of which program you choose, it should be noted that a bachelor's degree in a relevant field of study is almost always a prerequisite to pursuing a master's degree.

Classes in a master's degree program are more rigorous than in a bachelor's degree program. The classes often build upon the knowledge gained during a bachelor's degree program and introduce students to more specialized and distinct subjects in their field of study.

The class sizes tend to run on the smaller side compared with undergraduate classes, and they might emphasize group discussions with instructor guidance instead of instructor-led lectures. They may also require more projects, including a capstone or thesis project. 

Three common types of master's degrees are:

• Master of Arts (MA)
• Master of Science (MS)
• Master of Fine Arts (MFA)

For brevity, we won't break down the differences between the types of master's degrees, but the distinction is essentially the same as those between the bachelor's degrees. An MA tends to focus on subjects in the arts, MFAs emphasize a narrower field study in the fine arts, and the MS focuses on a scientific subject and its practical applications.

In addition to those listed above, here are more types of master's degrees:

• Master of Business Administration (MBA)
• Master of Library Science (MLS)
• Master of Public Administration (MPA)
• Master of Public Health (MPH)
• Master of Social Work (MSW)
• Master of Laws (LLM)
• Master of Arts in Liberal Studies (MLS)
• Master of Music (MM)
• Master of Education (MEd)
• Master of Engineering (MEng)
• Master of Architecture (MArch)

Each type represents a specialization within a field, whether that be an MPH for public health or an MSW for social work. While the curriculum, rigor, and requirements of each master's program differ, they commonly require a bachelor's degree in the field of study or a related field. In addition, some programs require professional experience in the given field.

Some master’s degrees, such as the MSW and the MPH, may also have a fieldwork requirement in which students work in a real-world setting.

4. Doctoral degree

At the top of the hierarchy of college degree levels, a doctoral degree represents the most in-depth education within a discipline..

Completing a doctoral program isn't just a feather in your cap. Nationwide in 2022, those with a doctoral degree, on average, had lower unemployment rates and higher median weekly earnings than individuals with less education, according to BLS.

As the level of attainment is so high, these types of degrees expect a lot from prospective students. Most doctoral programs require students to have already earned bachelor's and master's degree s. Upon entering a doctoral program, students may face a difficult but rewarding curriculum in their subject before culminating their studies with a dissertation or, depending on the degree, an applied project.

A dissertation is at the heart of any doctoral program. A final project of sorts, a dissertation requires doctoral students to conduct research, present their conclusions to faculty in their program, and defend those conclusions. This process can take months, and many doctoral students fail to complete their degree precisely because of how difficult and time-consuming dissertations can be.

Those who successfully complete their dissertation are rewarded with a doctoral degree and the honorific title of “doctor.”

Doctor of Philosophy

The most commonly known and recognized doctoral degree is the Doctor of Philosophy, or PhD. Despite the name, these degrees are not exclusively conferred on students of philosophy. Instead, a PhD is a research degree that can be completed in a number of subjects, including science, math, the humanities, business and social science.

Less focused on applying learned skills in the marketplace, research in a PhD program is focused on enriching and furthering knowledge in a specific field. Original research is often a requirement for graduation in this kind of program. PhD students often work at the outer bounds of their field to uncover new discoveries and insights.

Practitioner doctoral degrees

In contrast to PhDs, other doctoral degrees focus on practical applications within a specific industry, similar to the difference between a BA and a BS. University of Phoenix, for example, does not offer PhD programs; rather, its doctoral degrees are designed for scholar-practitioners.

• Doctor of Business Administration (DBA)
• Doctor of Health Administration (DHA)
• Doctor of Education (EdD)
• Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP)
• Doctor of Management (DM)

How to choose degree levels to pursue

Knowing the types of college degree levels can help you feel better equipped to plot out your educational future. Which degrees you choose and how many you decide to earn throughout your career depends on your goals. Many people also decide to change careers at some point, which may mean earning a different degree or level of degree. Ready to start your educational journey? Explore more than 100 online programs aligned to 300+ careers at University of Phoenix.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

A graduate of Johns Hopkins University and its Writing Seminars program and winner of the Stephen A. Dixon Literary Prize, Michael Feder brings an eye for detail and a passion for research to every article he writes. His academic and professional background includes experience in marketing, content development, script writing and SEO. Today, he works as a multimedia specialist at University of Phoenix where he covers a variety of topics ranging from healthcare to IT.

ABOUT THE REVIEWER

Dr. Marc Booker, University of Phoenix Vice Provost for Strategy, has more than two decades of experience working with online and distance education students at the post-secondary level. He currently oversees critical path academic initiatives to improve the student experience. Dr. Booker is a regular speaker, author and contributor to national higher education associations.

This article has been vetted by University of Phoenix's editorial advisory committee.  Read more about our editorial process.

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Types of Degrees in College College Degree Levels in Order

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Get a personalized list of degree programs that fit your needs.

High school seniors find themselves faced with a bewildering choice of college degree levels and majors  as they work out what kind of degree they’d like to pursue. The types of degrees in college range from an associate degree to a doctorate. At stake is finding a satisfying career path that delivers a comfortable income at the very least, provides further career opportunities and advancement, and is a degree that stays in demand during one’s prime employment years. 

The types of college degrees you earn greatly influence all of these needs and desires, but where do you start? Do you want to enter into a career that you can start after a couple of years of education? Or are you willing to set aside the time to attend school for the requisite number of years to earn your doctorate?

Ultimately, only you can decide upon the type of college degree you want to earn, how long you want to attend college, and the major you want to engage in. Whether you earn an associate degree

in nursing or a  doctor of nursing science , you’ll find that you have multiple degree types that you have to complete to reach your educational and professional goals. The following is a guide covering the different types of degrees in college available at the undergraduate and postgraduate levels, their requirements for entry, and their subtypes. 

Associate’s Degree

An  associate’s degree is an undergraduate degree that is given to students who earn at least 60 credit hours over the course of two or three years. They’re most commonly associated with community colleges, but colleges and universities also offer associate degrees.

This degree is the first advanced degree a student can earn after graduating high school or earning their GED, and many or all of the credits earned can often be transferred to a four-year school for a bachelor’s degree program. It’s also the lowest of the college degree levels, but provides an excellent foundation for students who are not sure about which subject they want to study. 

Community College Admissions

The application process for community colleges is straightforward and easy to understand, but it’s worth noting that all community colleges have their own unique application process. However, you can be sure that you’ll need to supply your personal information, your high school diploma, GED certificate, or final high school transcript, and complete your FAFSA application.

You may be asked about your intended major on the application, but you probably won’t have to write a personal statement. Community colleges are designed to put a college education within reach of everyone in the community they serve, which means the applications are straightforward, easy to understand, and simple to fill out.

Community College Degree Options

The general associate degree titles include arts, sciences, and applied sciences, which are commonly known as an AA, AS, or AAS. These are the most commonly known titles, but you can earn titles that include:

• Associate of Applied Business (AAB)
• Associate of Forestry (AF)
• Associate of Arts in Teaching (AAT)
• Associate of Nursing/Associate Degree Nurse (AN/ADN)
• Associate of Technology (AT)
• Associate of Electrical Engineering Technology (AEET)
• Associate of Occupational Studies (AOS)
• Associate of Business Administration (ABA)
• Associate of Applied Science in Paralegal Studies

Just about all associate degrees are designed to impart a basic understanding of the given field of study even though it’s the first of the multiple levels of college degrees. You can expect to enter your chosen field at the entry-level after earning an associate’s degree.

Some areas of employment, such as nursing and paralegal studies, become lifelong careers on the strength of an associate degree alone. But you always have the option to return to school, or transfer your community college credits to a college or university through a reciprocal agreement, and earn a bachelor’s degree to open up more career opportunities and reach higher types of college degrees. 

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Bachelor’s Degree

The bachelor’s degree, also known as a baccalaureate degree , is the second and last of the undergraduate college degrees. This is the most common of all the college degree types. It requires the completion of at least 120 credit hours, and can take four to five years to complete. Some college degrees, such as accountancy, require 150 credit hours if you want to become a Certified Public Accountant (CPA). Once you have completed the requisite amount of credit hours for your area of study, you earn your bachelor’s degree, and can find employment commensurate with your education, or continue on to your master’s degree or doctoral degree to reach the highest college degree levels. 

College Admissions

Applying to attend a college or university in pursuit of a bachelor’s degree program is more complicated than applying to a community college. You may need to take an ACT or SAT, although some schools are moving away from this requirement. However, it’s still a good idea to take these tests for the purpose of applying to colleges. You may benefit from an SAT Prep Course or an ACT Prep Course to help achieve the highest scores. Another requirement some schools ask for is one or two letters of recommendation from teachers in your chosen academic subject, or from respected members of your community. Last, but not least, you may have to write a personal essay about why you want to attend the college you’re applying to, and you may be required to speak with an academic advisor about your educational goals. 

Bachelor’s Degree Options

As you look into majors for bachelor’s degrees, you’ll find that the three most common types of bachelor’s degrees include:

Bachelor of Arts

• Bachelor of Fine arts

Bachelor of Science

You’ll graduate with a BA, BFA, or BS depending on the type of degree program you entered into. All bachelor’s degrees require the completion of core curriculum classes that give you the foundation for your college degree with the remaining credit hours consisting of your major and electives.

The differences between the three college degree types come down to the type of study that’s required by the major. That is, you can earn an economics degree in the arts or sciences, but the classes you take for an arts degree aren’t the same

as the ones you’ll take for a science degree. Some schools only offer one type of degree while others offer two or all three types of college degrees.

The bachelor of arts degree covers all liberal arts majors that rely on a theoretical understanding of a subject as opposed to a mathematical and fact-based understanding. The classes for the given major under the arts designation are primarily thought or experience-driven, and are designed to get students to use their critical thinking skills, improve their ability to grasp nuance, and take some science classes to provide foundational knowledge.

A bachelor of science degree covers majors that are based on mathematics and science. Classes for a science major are based on factual knowledge that is accepted by academia and society at large. Classes for majors in science teach students how to use accepted theories, facts, and formulas to help them make decisions with provable results, and also use that knowledge to work on making the theoretical into actual. 

Bachelor of Fine Arts

A fine arts degree is limited to degree programs that have a type of arts as its primary focus. Majors such as creative writing, painting, sculpture, acting, animation, graphic design, and similar all fall under the fine arts degree umbrella. Students are required to complete the core curriculum, but the rest of the course work may be spent supervised by faculty. This degree can take longer to earn because students spend a lot of time turning their ideas into a finished piece or product. 

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Master’s Degree

A  master’s degree is a postgraduate degree , and is one of the higher levels of college degrees, that enables a student to further refine their knowledge of a particular aspect of their chosen field of employment. For example, you’ve earned a bachelor’s degree of science in mechanical engineering, and you’d like to add electrical engineering to your body of knowledge. A master’s degree in electrical engineering builds upon your undergraduate knowledge and draws from your work experience to help you become proficient in both mechanical and electrical engineering. 

A master’s degree takes anywhere from 18 months to three years to complete, depending on the program and credits required for successful completion. A master’s degree program can require 36 to 54 credit hours in order to earn the degree. Many schools offer programs that include accelerated, online, and night classes to accommodate working students and make it easier for them to attend classes in pursuit of a degree. Graduate degrees are also often called professional degrees, since they are focused on professional degree careers.

Master’s, like undergraduate degrees, are typically either master of science or master of arts. Other common master’s include:

• Master of Education
• Master of Engineering
• Master of Business Administration
• Master of Social Work

The application process for a master’s degree is similar to that of a bachelor’s degree program, but you typically need a completed bachelor’s degree with at least a C average in order to apply for a master’s degree. Some schools accept extensive work experience in a given field in lieu of a bachelor’s degree, but it’s easier to gain acceptance when you’ve already taken classes as an undergraduate and earned your bachelor’s degree. Other items you’ll need to prepare for your application include:

• Letters of recommendation
• Unofficial or official transcripts of previous academic records and diplomas
• Academic statement of purpose
• Personal statement 
• Application fee
• Test scores from GRE, GMAT, TOEFL, PTE, or IELTS

Every school is different when it comes to the information it expects from applicants. Always go over the requirements and make sure that you’ve supplied all of the relevant information in order to ensure your application is accepted and processed. You may also be interested in hiring an Admissions Consultant.

Degree Options

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Doctorate .

The  doctorate degree is the highest of the college degree  types a student can earn in a given field of study. It’s a graduate degree, and it’s divided into two categories with differences that are similar to those between the arts and sciences.

A PhD is a degree that focuses on creating knowledge and higher thinking while a professional doctorate degree is someone who’s expert in using knowledge. Someone who has earned a PhD is most likely to be found working in a research or educational field, and someone with a doctoral degree such as a medical doctor or juris doctor work as doctors and lawyers in a capacity that helps society at large. 

A master’s degree isn’t always required for entry into a PhD program or other doctoral programs. Students can earn their bachelor’s degree, then go on to a PhD or doctoral degree program afterward. Some areas of study do require a master’s degree for entry into a doctoral program, or you may prefer to earn your master’s before you decide to get your PhD. What is certain is the fact that it takes three to four years to earn a PhD, and most of that time is spent doing research in order to support a thesis and dissertation.

In contrast, a doctoral degrees focus on teaching students the practical skills they need to become effective in their chosen industry. Doctoral students are expected to invest a lot of time and effort into their studies the same as a PhD candidate, but the expected outcome is to become capable of applying their knowledge in a practical manner. Students who earn a professional doctoral degree typically work with the public at large, and have to learn a large body of knowledge, then apply it to the public who needs their help. The amount of time required to earn a doctoral degree depends on which of the types of college degrees you’re looking to earn. 

What is a PhD?

PhD is shorthand for Doctor of Philosophy, although someone who has a PhD doesn’t necessarily find work as a philosopher. Instead, the use of the word philosopher is a literal translation from Greek that means “a lover of wisdom”. A student who’s working on their PhD starts out with their chosen thesis, then spends the next few years performing research that supports their thesis. As the student researches and learns about the topic of their thesis, they have to write down what they’ve learned, then put together a dissertation. The final dissertation has to be approved by the faculty before the student can earn their PhD.

What is a Professional Doctorate Degree?

A professional doctoral degree is less focused on research than the PhD. Instead, professional doctorate students have to spend a certain amount of time learning about their profession in the classroom and real-life settings – a process often literally called “professionalizing.” Once a student has completed the required amount of hours for their profession, they earn their professional doctorate degree and are qualified to work in their chosen profession. A doctoral degree is also often called a terminal degree, since it is the highest and last level.

The application requirements for a PhD and doctoral degree program are almost the same as a master’s degree. Certain doctoral degrees typically require you to submit test scores from a standardized test provider that’s related to the degree field. For example, if you want to attend law school, you’ll take the LSAT test and submit your score as part of your application. 

Examples of professional doctorate degrees include:

• Doctor of Social Work (DSW)
• Doctor of Public Health (DrPH)
• Doctor of Education (EdD)
• Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP)
• Doctor of Business Administration (DBA)
• Juris Doctor (JD)
• Doctor of Computer Science (DCSC)
• Doctor of Medicine (MD)

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School Leavers

• Nov 7, 2023
• 15 min read

5 Types of College Degrees: Levels and Requirements

Everything you need to know about college qualifications.

Electra Michaelidou

Career and Lifestyle Writer

Reviewed by Chris Leitch

Pursuing a degree is a great way to gain knowledge and develop skills in a specific field. Not only will further education help with your own personal development, but it’ll also enhance your career opportunities. Before you enroll in a course, however, you must carefully consider your short- and long-term goals and what career path  you want to follow, so that you may pick the type of degree that’s right for you.

So, where do you start with so many options available? The first step to making an informed decision is to, well, inform yourself. And you’ve come to the right place for that! In this article, we’ll discuss the various types of degrees that exist, the role each of them can play in a person’s professional development, as well as the requirements to enroll in each one.

What is an academic degree?

An academic degree is what’s awarded to you once you complete your higher education studies. You can think of it as a credential vouching for your hard work and dedication that’s led to the successful completion of the course of your choice, be that at undergraduate or postgraduate level. This, of course, signals to potential employers that you’ve received instruction in a particular field and are a step ahead of other candidates who haven’t.

Depending on the field of study you choose and the level at which you’re taught, you might graduate with one of various different types of college degrees, including an associate’s, bachelor’s or master’s degree.

The importance of higher education

Besides what the cynically inclined may believe (that degrees are no more than expensive bits of paper, that is), they are, in fact, preferred by most employers and can allow you to negotiate a higher starting salary when you’re first joining a company. According to the Social Security Administration , higher education benefits lifetime earnings, too, allowing you to earn more over the course of your life.

Besides the financial benefits, higher education helps you develop a deeper understanding of the subjects that interest you, allowing you to explore the things you’re passionate about in more depth. At the same time, you’ll be meeting students and professors with similar interests as you, which can enhance your professional network and present you with job opportunities in the future.

Types of degrees

The US Department of Education recognizes the following five main types of degrees. Depending on your career goals and the type of future you envision for yourself, you may choose to pursue more than one degree. Let’s look at these below!

Associate degrees

What is an associate degree.

An associate degree course is one of the academic programs that can be completed at undergraduate level after finishing secondary education. If you pursue one, you can then easily transfer to a bachelor’s degree.

The first associate degrees were awarded in the UK in 1873 before spreading to the US in 1898. Today, an associate degree is equivalent to a Higher National Certificate or a Higher National Diploma in the UK.

How long does it take?

Associate degrees are becoming increasingly more sought after by high school leavers , as they are quicker to complete and cost less than bachelor’s degrees.

Full-time associate degrees, like HNDs, take around two years to complete.

What are the entry requirements?

Entry requirements for associate degrees are typically less competitive than those for bachelor’s degrees. Admissions deadlines also tend to be set later in the year.

To apply, in most cases, you’ll need to meet the following criteria: be 18 years of age by the time your classes begin; hold a high school diploma or GED; and meet any GPA requirements that your college of choice has established.

Types of associate degrees

There are a number of associate degree types you can pursue, including (but not limited to):

• AA (Associate of Arts) — Focused on liberal arts like music, history and English .
• AS (Associate of Science) — Common AS programs include biology and chemistry.
• AAS (Associate of Applied Science) — This broad subject includes programs in business, math and related topics.
• AE (Associate of Engineering) — Focuses on engineering
• AAA (Associate of Applied Arts) — Deals with applied arts only.

What can you do with an associate degree?

Once you’ve earned your associate degree, you can either continue your studies by applying to a bachelor's degree program (for which your associate degree will count towards, in most cases), or you can start applying for jobs .

Associate degrees can help you land roles in a field like medicine, engineering, computer science or even law.

Bachelor’s degrees

What is a bachelor’s degree.

Though not everyone’s heard of an associate degree, we’re willing to bet you’ve come across the term “bachelor's degree” multiple times before.

This is the type of degree that most undergraduates decide to enroll in, and can be pursued right after high school. To put things into perspective, of the 4.5 million students that graduated from US universities in 2021, 48.6% received bachelor’s degrees .

In the US, a bachelor's degree will normally take four or five years to complete if studied full time. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, however, a large chunk of the nation’s undergraduates often takes six years to complete their studies .

In the UK, only Scottish bachelor’s programs last four years. Higher education institutions in English, Wales and Northern Ireland have bachelor’s degrees with a three-year duration.

Entry requirements for bachelor’s degrees vary from course to course, but you’ll usually be required to hold a high school diploma that meets the minimum GPA for your chosen program, as well as meet the required SAT score for the program. Some universities , like Harvard, have such competitive acceptance rates that candidates are required to have a GPA of at least 4.18 and an SAT score of 1580 or over.

In the UK, things work a little differently: to enroll in a bachelor’s degree, you’ll need to meet the required A-level grades. Alternatively, you can go down the HNC, HND or foundation degree path.

Types of bachelor’s degrees

Some of the most frequently pursued bachelor’s degrees include:

• BA (Bachelor of Arts) — It’s one of the most common bachelor’s degree types and includes humanities, some social sciences and liberal arts.
• BS or BSc (Bachelor of Science) — It usually covers majors such as engineering, physics, accounting, computing and other related subjects.
• BFA (Bachelor of Fine Arts) — Fine arts include acting , dancing, singing, sculpting and painting.
• BBA (Bachelor of Business Administration) — BBA degrees cover courses in management strategy, decision making and even organizational psychology.
• BE or BEng (Bachelor of Engineering degree) — This degree focuses solely on the field of engineering.

What can you do with a bachelor’s degree?

According to a report by Cengage Group , the majority of US employers (62%) require a degree for all their entry-level positions. The most commonly reported reason for this is that companies believe that candidates who hold a college degree are “more equipped” for the role. So, if you’re hoping to find work right after you finish your studies, your chances to land a job will improve with a bachelor’s degree.

Alternatively, a bachelor’s degree can lead to a master’s degree or, in some cases, even a PhD.

Professional degrees

What is a professional degree.

Formerly known as first professional degrees in the US, professional degrees can be either undergraduate or graduate degrees that prepare individuals for work in a specific field. They are awarded on the basis of developing practical skills that allow you to take on the day to day of particular profession, as opposed to undergraduate degrees that put more emphasis on the analytical and theoretical side of things.

Normally, professional degrees take three to five years to complete. Depending on your field of interest and the institution you enroll in, however, some can require as little as one year of full-time study.

Most of the time, a professional degree will come after an undergraduate (academic) degree in the same field, so that the student may be able to harness what they already know in terms of the theory and analysis that relate to the subject.

The idea of a professional degree, after all, is to develop practical skills that will allow the students to enter a profession — but understanding the general theory is also equally important to developing the appropriate skill set.

Types of professional degrees

Here are some examples of professional degree titles:

• JD (Juris Doctor) — A professional degree that prepares students for a career in law , and more specifically for practicing law.
• MD (Doctor of Medicine) — This is a professional degree that medical students must complete before proceeding to get further training and practicing medicine.
• PharmD (Doctor of Pharmacy) — A program that typically leads to opportunities in research, clinical practice and other areas of the pharmacy field .

What can you do with a professional degree?

If you want to pursue certain professions, such as in the field of medicine, social work or veterinary science , you’ll be required — by law — to hold a professional degree. So, the best way to determine whether a professional degree is right for you is to consider the type of work you’d like to be doing in the future.

As we’ve seen, professional degrees focus on real-world application and allow you to undergo extensive on-the-job training which, in fields like medicine, is vital.

Master’s degrees

What is a master’s degree.

A master’s degree is a type of postgraduate degree that a student can pursue after completing their undergraduate studies. It provides a more in-depth level of instruction compared to a bachelor’s program and is normally designed to focus on one specific area of your chosen subject.

In the US, master’s degrees usually take a year and a half or two years of full-time study to complete. However, some master’s degrees (like postgrad engineering degrees) can have a longer duration.

In the UK, master’s degrees can take as little as one year to complete, with the most common duration being somewhere between one and two years.

In both cases, part-time study will typically last twice as long.

Admission requirements for postgraduate degrees will vary between subjects as well as schools. Generally, a GPA of 3.0 is the standard minimum, although, as you’d expect, some higher education institutions will set the bar higher. But even if your GPA is lower, a good GRE score could get your school to consider your application anyway!

In the UK, master’s degrees will usually require a grade of 2:1 at undergraduate level, although those with a 2:2 are also often accepted.

Types of master’s degrees

There’s a graduate degree  for every single subject out there, it seems! But the most common categories are:

• MA (Master of Arts) or MFA (Master of Fine Arts) — These degrees cover topics including education, communication, social sciences and music.
• MS or MSc (Master of Science) — This degree is awarded at the end of a range of scientific, healthcare and even social science programs.
• MRes (Master of Research) — It’s designed to offer training on how to become a researcher.
• MBA (Master of Business Administration) — These degrees are often designed for management professionals with some experience.
• MPhil (Master of Philosophy) — It’s a research-only degree and is often studied before a PhD.

What can you do with a master’s degree?

At a time when financing your studies can be incredibly difficult, many young adults wonder if doing a master’s degree is worth the trouble. While many professions don’t require a master’s degree, having one can make you stand out among other candidates and also help you earn more.

At the same time, other roles, like clinical psychology , financial management and college teaching require you to have a postgraduate degree. Similarly, a number of PhD programs also require you to hold a master’s degree to enroll.

Whether you do a master’s degree or not, therefore, boils down to your future plans and chosen career path .

Research doctorates

What is a research doctorate.

A  doctorate degree , also known as a doctoral degree, is the highest level of education you can obtain in a field. Doctorate degrees are either academic or professional, research focused, and useful for further advancing your knowledge and skills in a subject you’re truly passionate about.

Although the term “PhD” is sometimes used interchangeably with doctorate degree, PhDs are a specific type of doctorate degree — specifically, they’re Doctor of Philosophy degrees. PhDs are highly theoretical and aim to generate new knowledge through research.

The duration of doctorate degrees can vary. Typically, in the US, they take between four and six years to complete, depending on the area of study. It’s not uncommon, however, for some candidates to take seven years or longer to finish their doctorate degree.

In the UK, full-time doctorate degrees are designed to last between three and four years. (Whether they are completed in that short a time span is another story!)

Usually, to get into a doctorate degree program, you must first complete a bachelor’s and a master’s degree. However, some doctoral programs do admit students that don’t have a postgraduate degree.

So, if you decide that you want to cry for four years straight (we jest — although some people will tell you it’s true ), you will need to specifically check the requirements for your chosen program.

Types of research doctorates

Here is a list of some of the most popular doctoral degrees:

• PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) – These are research-based doctorate degrees often awarded to recognize original academic research.
• DEd or EdD. (Doctor of Education) — This is the most advanced degree in the field of education.
• DBA (Doctor of Business Administration) — This degree is the highest academic qualification you can receive in the field of business administration.
• DEng or EngD (Doctor of Engineering) — A highly specialized degree for those interested in academia, research or the highest roles within engineering firms.
• DSocSci or SScD (Doctor of Social Sciences) — This can cover a wide range of subjects including sociology, anthropology, archaeology and human geography.

What can you do with a research doctorate?

If your plan for the future is to work in academia, then a research doctorate will likely be required of you by prospective employers. This includes working as a professor at a higher education institution, conducting research on or outside college campuses, and pursuing leadership roles in academia or consulting firms.

Can I complete two degrees simultaneously?

Dual enrollment, also known as concurrent enrollment, usually refers to when high school students take some university courses in parallel to their secondary education. Less commonly, it can refer to a student being enrolled in more than one academic degree at once, although as each course has its own requirements and schedules, this can be near impossible to arrange.

The best way, therefore, to pursue two different subjects at once is to enroll in a joint degree program, also referred to as a dual degree program. This enables you to graduate with two bachelor’s, two master’s or, in some cases, a combined bachelor’s and master’s degree from the same university.

Can I complete a degree online?

A growing number of tertiary education institutions are offering undergraduate as well as graduate courses online. This can be a great option for those who can’t physically attend classes, either due to work , location or other responsibilities and restrictions.

Earning an online degree has many benefits, such as:

• Lower tuition fees
• More flexible scheduling and autonomy
• More free time, as no commuting is required
• Unrestricted access to resources and course materials

Accredited institutions that offer online academic degrees in the US include Columbia University, John Hopkins University, Boston University and the University of Florida.

Key takeaways

In 2023, there are an estimated 19 million students enrolled in colleges and universities around the US. When you zoom out further, that number shoots up to 235 million around the entire world .

Although often involving a significant amount of commitment in terms of money, time and effort, degrees can improve a person’s employability, teach vital soft skills such as time management and collaboration , and lead to the formation of lifelong friendships and connections.

To summarize:

• Thanks to their shorter duration and lower cost, associate degrees are becoming some of the most commonly pursued degrees in the United States .
• In most cases, associate degrees can help you transfer to a four-year course and earn a bachelor degree without losing your credits.
• Online courses can be an excellent option for those who desire a more flexible learning schedule and can’t (or don’t wish to) commute to campus.
• Although not always a requirement, academic and professional degrees can boost your job applications and help you stand out to prospective employers .

Are you thinking of pursuing a degree in the near future? Let us know your thoughts in the comments section below.

Originally published on January 3, 2018. Contains contributions by Joanna Zambas.

Courses and Qualifications

Choosing a University

Types of College Degrees — The Ultimate Guide

All types of college degrees are earned by completing a certain number of credits in a given program at a specific educational level. That said, there are certain factors you need to consider when deciding on the next step in your education.

In this comprehensive guide, we’re providing an in-depth description of the four main types of academic degrees available in the US, followed by the most common programs at each level, the entry requirements, and the cost of obtaining each degree. 

What’s the Difference Between College Degree Levels?

Different college degrees equip students with diverse knowledge and skills. Some provide technical knowledge and prepare students to enter the workforce immediately after graduation. Other degree types emphasize developing critical thinking and productivity skills. 

Furthermore, different degree types will provide you with various career opportunities. For example, some careers require a minimal college education, whereas others require more intensive study and multiple degrees. 

Levels of Degrees in Order

There are multiple types of degrees to choose from, so if you feel unsure about what’s the best educational path for you, read on to discover how college degrees rank from lowest to highest. Additionally, we’re sharing important educational details like the benefits of each degree, the potential career path with that specific education, the requirements to enter the program and obtain the degree, and more. 

Undergraduate Types of College Degrees 

Undergraduate degree programs are more general compared to graduate programs. Typically, students have five to six courses every semester. 

Undergraduate studies are also more flexible than graduate studies, allowing students to switch majors even when they are one or two years in the program. Career-wise, these programs enable students to apply for entry- or manager-level positions. Below, we’re diving deeper into the types of undergraduate degrees.

Associate’s Degree

Community colleges , vocational schools, and junior colleges offer associate degrees. These degrees require a completion of 60 semester credit hours which should take about two years. 

After completing the associate degree, graduates are prepared for technical and entry-level roles in the workforce. Also, they can continue their education. About 57% of associate degree recipients who continue their education do so in academic schools, whereas 42.7% attend vocational schools. 

Generally, students who earn this type of degree in college and complete their general education courses go to a four-year university to complete their bachelor’s degree program. If the community college is regionally accredited, this can be a great plan for attaining a bachelor’s degree at a significantly lower cost. 

The Most Common Types of Associate Degrees

Predictions are that in the 2029-2030 school year, there will be 615,000 female and 392,000 male associate’s degree holders in the US. This stat confirms that associate’s degrees continue to be some of the most popular community college degree types. Read on and discover the most popular types of degrees that can be earned at this level. 

Associate in Applied Science 

The AAS degree program focuses on one career field, usually technical. It’s perfect for students who want to immediately start building a high-paying career. Potential working positions include web developer, chemical technician, radiologic technologist, geological and petroleum technician.

Associate of Arts 

The AA degree studies are focused on liberal arts, general, or pre-professional studies. It’s the broadest of all associate’s degrees. Common AA majors include business administration, law, and psychology. In addition, these types of college degrees prepare graduates for work across a broad range of industries instead of a specific one. As a result, the career options for AA graduates are plenty. They can work as paralegals, customer service representatives, HR managers, art directors, and more. 

Associate in Science

The AS degree has broad but more specific scope than an AA degree. Typically, students who intend to pursue education in science-related fields choose AS studies. Earning this degree can pave the way to working in an in-demand field like IT, web development, and healthcare, to name a few. 

Entry Requirements

Compared to the requirements for other types of degrees in college, the entry prerequisites for an associate’s degree are less competitive. Considering that the deadlines for these programs are usually longer, it’s not a surprise that they are often an alternative for students who don’t meet the requirements for entering a bachelor’s degree program. Admissions require a high school diploma or equivalent. Some colleges might require a minimum GPA and a completed state’s pre-college curriculum, including math, English, and science courses.

Associate Degree Cost

Comparing the college degrees in order from lowest to highest cost-wise shows that associate programs are the most affordable. The total cost of a degree for in-state students pursuing an associate degree in a public college is $31,496, including $6,754 in tuition costs and $24,742 in additional expenses.  

Students would have to pay $68,038 in private, non-profit colleges and $64,758 in private for-profit colleges. These include $33,796 and $30,666 in tuition and $34,242 and $34,092 in additional expenses, respectively. 

However, according to college graduation rates , only 13% of students actually graduate within two years, which means the cost is usually much higher than the average. 

Bachelor’s Degree

Bachelor’s degree is the most popular of all types of degrees in college. It has a completion rate of 60% and allows graduates to enter the workforce, taking entry- or management-level positions. This undergraduate degree is earned in colleges and universities, and it takes four years to complete. Typically, the program is divided into two years of general education and two years of specialized education. 

The general education courses often include English, foreign language, mathematics, and social science. Those enrolled in a bachelor’s degree program need to choose a major area of study like history, biology, finance, or communication.  

Bachelor Types of Degrees in College in Order of Popularity

Bachelor’s degree programs are offered in multiple fields. Below, we outline the most popular ones.

Bachelor of Arts 

BA lets you focus on specific areas of study in the humanities and social sciences fields like languages, journalism, communication, and international relations. Possible majors in BA programs are English, foreign language, history, fashion merchandising, interior design, psychology, sociology, and political science. 

Bachelor of Science 

The BSc is a common bachelor degree’s type. It’s very similar to the BA program. The main distinction is in the additional course requirements, with the BSc requiring more science and math courses than BA. BSc also focuses more on combining theoretical knowledge with research practice. BSc programs are offered in numerous fields like natural sciences, mathematics, computer science and IT, and engineering and technology fields. 

Bachelor of Fine Arts 

The BFA is one of the professional types of college degrees, proving that graduates have gained specific skills to enter the world of fine arts and be actors, singers, authors, dancers, or sculptors. The main difference between BA and BFA is that the program focuses more on majors rather than general studies. The coursework is dedicated to performing or visual arts and may also involve studying liberal arts like psychology, literature, and history. 

Bachelor of Business Administration

As one of the basic types of college degrees in business, the BBA programs cover accounting, management, business operations, marketing, and economics courses. At the core of the program are business theory and practice, so students can learn how to analyze complex business issues, approach them from different perspectives, and overcome problems within and between organizations. 

Bachelor of Architecture 

The Bachelor of Architecture (BArch) involves hands-on experience and theoretical knowledge courses to prepare graduates for employment in the building industry as interior designers, architects, city planners, industrial designers, or other related roles. Students gain fundamental skills and knowledge of architecture while combining theory and history and acquiring digital, technological, legal, artistic, and financial expertise. 

Different types of degrees in college involve different requirements. The conditions for enrolling into bachelor’s degree programs might differ from course to course. Generally, students need to have completed high school education and GED or be transfer students from another accredited institution with a minimum GPA of 2.0.

Bachelor Degree Cost

The total cost of a degree for a student living on campus at a public, in-state school is $25,487 per year, which amounts to $101,948 for four years.  

As with other types of degrees you can get in college, the cost is higher for out-of-state students who pay on average $43,161 per year or $172,644 for four years. Keep in mind that only 33.3% of students enrolled in bachelor’s degree programs graduate on time—a whopping 57.6% graduate within six years, which increases the cost of attendance to $152,922. 

In private schools, the total cost of earning a bachelor’s in a private non-profit institution is estimated at $212,868, whereas in a private for-profit organization is $140,500. 

Graduate Types of College Degrees

Graduate degrees provide specialized education on a particular subject or discipline. These studies usually take about three advanced level courses and require higher academic performance. 

The studies are fast-paced, more hands-on, and very competitive. Students in graduate programs can work closely with professors and have access to more advanced tools for research purposes. A graduate degree gives better career opportunities and market favorability.  

Master’s Degree

A master’s degree is one of the two highest college degrees. It proves the student has a high level of mastery in a specific subject area. The program demands the completion of 30-60 credits which usually takes between one and two years. 

The program’s goal is to improve students’ knowledge and technical skills in a specialized area. Students usually decide to pursue a master’s degree to advance in a particular field, boost their job appeal, or find a better-paid role in a senior position.  

Master’s Types of College Degrees in Order of Popularity

There are two main types of master’s degrees — course-based and thesis-based. The course-based degree programs are based on structured modules taught through lectures, seminars, or practical work, whereas research-based degree programs require students to do their own research projects in the focus field of study. Additionally, master’s degree programs can be categorized based on the subject matter, specialization level, coursework type, and more.  

Master of Arts

A Master of Arts degree is one of the most common types of college degrees in master’s programs. It’s awarded in disciplines that fall under the arts and social sciences category like languages, linguistics, communication, history, geography, and music. The program involves a combination of lectures and seminars and culminates with a student’s dissertation based on a research project.  

Master of Science

The Master of Science degree is awarded in science for disciplines like biology, engineering, health, and chemistry. Students enrolled in these kinds of degrees learn through lab work, analysis, and scientific research. The degree holders have high prospects for working in one of the best jobs for the future. 

Master of Research

An MRes degree provides training on how to become a researcher. Usually, students pursue this degree if they want to implement research skills and knowledge in their careers or prepare for a PhD program. The MRes program involves courses that focus on research principles, methods, and tools. They need to conduct research and write a thesis to earn the degree. 

Professional Master’s Degrees

Professional master’s degrees are specialized kinds of degrees that are more hands-on than traditional master’s degree programs and heavily concentrate on giving students practical skills and knowledge. 

Master of Laws

The Master of Laws degree program allows students who have earned a professional law degree to combine basic skills with specialized knowledge acquired through researching specific law areas. Earning an LLM provides great career benefits and helps boost career prospects. 

Master of Business Administration

The MBA is one of the most common types of business degrees in college. The program is designed to provide students with the skills and knowledge needed for career advancement in business and management roles. Students go through extensive training in all business aspects. The majority of programs require at least three years of professional experience.  

Master of Education

The MEd degree prepares students to pursue a career in education, as well as get certified or specialize in specific areas like special education, curriculum, counseling, instruction, and administration. The programs usually combine both coursework and internship.

Master of Architecture

The MArch degree is one of the most extensive types of degrees you can get in college. It assesses students through internships and a final thesis or project. Students are also required to produce coursework in subjects like building science, architectural history, design, theory, and professional practice. In the end, students get licensed and can consider wide career possibilities.

Postgraduate master’s degrees are open to students who hold a bachelor’s degree or an undergraduate degree in an appropriate subject. Additionally, schools usually require an undergraduate GPA of 3.0. Some schools might also require students to take entrance exams. The professional master’s degrees generally have additional prerequisites like having professional experience or holding specific bachelor’s degrees.

Doctoral Degree

A doctorate is the highest college degree. The standard title for students obtaining a doctorate is Ph.D, which stands for Doctor of Philosophy. It’s the final degree available in a specific discipline. 

A doctorate follows the completion of bachelor’s and master’s degrees. That said, some programs also admit students who don’t hold a master’s degree. 

The doctorate programs are designed to help students get advanced knowledge and skills and reach the highest level of academic mastery in their chosen field. It takes about four years to complete doctoral types of college programs.

Studies are complex and require a great deal of commitment, focus, energy, and money. In the first year of the program, the content is standard. However, in the next few years, students move toward in-depth analysis and research. Finally, before earning the doctoral degree, students need to defend a thesis in front of an expert panel.  

After the program’s completion, the Doctor of Philosophy can work as a university professor, a professional researcher, or take an executive leadership role. Thus, a doctorate often leads to significant professional advancement and tremendous earning potential. In fact, Ph.D holders earn a median weekly pay of $1,885.

Types of Doctoral Degrees

A doctorate is the highest degree in college, and there are several different types of degrees available at this level. If you’re unsure where to start, here are the four key programs available in the US. 

Research-Based Doctorate

Research-based doctorates are also known as academic doctorates and are usually awarded for original research in traditional academic subjects. The main focus is on expanding the theoretical understanding of a subject rather than advancing professional practice. 

Professional Doctorate

A professional doctorate program focuses on applying research to practical issues, designing effective professional practices, and creating solutions to complex problems in a specific profession. Examples of such types of college programs include Doctor of Business Administration, Doctor of Education, Doctor of Public Health, and Doctor of Nursing Practice, to name a few. 

Professional doctorates are awarded to candidates who directly contribute to a specific vocational field by conducting research and analysis. These programs might require the candidate to have specific field experience.

Higher Doctorates

Usually awarded later in one’s career, higher doctorates aim to recognize esteemed practitioners and researchers. They are one of the highest types of educational degrees that candidates don’t need to enroll in; the degree is awarded based on a published scholarly work that establishes the candidates as making a significant contribution to the advancement of the specific field. Examples of higher doctorate degrees might include Doctor of Science, Doctor of Laws, Doctor of Engineering, Doctor of Business, and Doctor of Music.

Honorary Doctorates

Honorary doctorates are awarded to celebrate one’s achievement in a specific field. It’s one of the highest college degrees that aren’t rewarded for academic achievements but for lifetime accomplishments that benefit humanity. Some institutions allow candidates to apply for an honorary degree, whereas others require third-party nominations. 

These schools also create their own criteria for acceptance. They may present different types of degrees like Doctor of Laws, Doctor of Fine Arts, Doctor of Humane Letters, and Doctor of Divinity, to name a few. 

The Cost of Doctoral Degree

When comparing the college degrees in order from lowest to highest, doctorates are the most expensive. According to the latest data published by Education Data, a doctorate costs on average $114,300. The average cost is higher for some fields like Psychology ($132,200) and Education ($111,900). That said, some programs might offer financial aid in the form of fellowships and assistantships or work within the academic department. 

Degree Requirements

The requirements for getting a doctorate vary from program to program. Usually, the research-based doctorate programs require specific coursework, whereas requirements for professional degree programs typically include fieldwork, residencies, or at least internships. It’s important to note that internships increase job offers by 16% . Often, the final step to a doctorate is a comprehensive research work or a dissertation thesis.  

How to Choose From the College Degree Levels

When preparing for college and considering which degree level to pursue, the first and most important step is to identify your interests and the career path you want to follow. While you can start working with an associate degree, the higher degree level you reach, the more advanced career opportunities you’ll have. 

Furthermore, make sure to do comprehensive research on the position you’d like to have and take note of the job requirements to ensure the degree will make you competitive. Finally, consider your budget and whether you can afford the potential debt. Keep in mind that advanced degrees will cost you more, but the potential salary you’ll earn often outweighs the tuition cost. 

People Also Ask

College degrees are first divided into undergraduate and graduate degrees. The two main types under the undergraduate category are associate’s and bachelor’s degrees. The former requires only two years and can be the first step towards earning a bachelor’s degree, which takes four years to complete. The graduate category consists of master’s degree and doctoral degree problems. These degree programs are more extensive and represent a form of field specialization.

The next level after graduating from high school is the associate’s degree. It is the least advanced degree, followed by the bachelor’s, one of the most common degrees. Next comes the master’s, followed by the doctoral degree—the highest degree one can earn in college. Within these four categories, there are different types of degree programs that differ based on the area of study.

A bachelor’s degree program usually requires the completion of 120 credits and takes four years. However, due to social, academic, and financial strains, graduating on time has become nearly impossible. In fact, the average full-time student takes six years to graduate. According to recent data, only 33.3% of students graduate on time, and 57.6% do so within six years.

A two-year degree is called an associate degree. It requires the completion of 60 semester credit hours and prepares students for entry-level work positions. Students can earn an associate’s degree in a community, junior, or technical college. Afterward, they can start working or continue their education by pursuing a bachelor’s degree. Associate of Arts, Associate in Science, and Associate in Applied Science are the three most common types of associate’s degrees.

Doctoral is the highest degree one can earn. It’s also commonly referred to as a “terminal degree” as it’s the highest academic mastery level in a particular field. The degree is awarded to academics who have completed a doctoral program and have prepared research or defended a thesis in front of an examination committee. Professional degrees are also doctoral types of college degrees that focus on a specific vocational field.

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Types of College Degrees and Degree Levels

College degree finder, certificates and licenses.

• All Undergraduate Degrees
• All Graduate Degrees
• Transfer Degrees
• Associate Degrees

Bachelor’s Degrees

Master’s degrees, specialist degrees, doctorate degrees, professional degrees, what degree is right for me.

The best way for you to answer that is to answer these questions:

• Is there a specific degree that my ideal career requires?
• How long am I willing to stay in school?
• What total tuition amount can I afford to pay for either by myself, with help from family, through financial aid or student loans ?

The most important question in that list – and the one that will greatly affect how you may think about the others – is the second question: Is there a specific degree that my ideal career requires?

There are many great trade careers that may require only a certificate or vocational certificate for consideration. However, most jobs that pay more than minimum wage require a specific college degree, experience, and training.

For example, teachers are required to have a bachelor’s in education, whether that’s a bachelor’s in early elementary education, elementary education, or secondary education. If you want to teach at a college level, you’ll have to get a PhD if not a master’s degree. Doctors are required to have an MD or DO medical degree and need to complete multiple years of rotations and residencies before they can practice medicine on their own.

Certain jobs and careers in business require a, Master’s in Business Administration (MBA) Degree for consideration. In fact, an MBA is quickly becoming the new normal for companies that are hiring management-level employees.

As you can see, each college degree or certificate opens a door to different opportunities and career paths. Use the list of college degrees below to determine which degree type is right for you.

Earn Your Associate or Bachelor’s Degree Online. You May Qualify For $6,095 in Grants!

List of College Degree Levels and Types of Degrees

Unlike degree programs, which typically include general education courses, certificates and licenses are designed to teach you a particular skill-set set to prepare you for a specific job or to perform a specific function.

Certificates and licenses typically take 1-2 years to complete. They can be earned at community colleges and technical and vocational schools. Several 4-year colleges also offer certificate programs.

In some fields, professional certification and licensing are synonymous, in others they are not. Before choosing one or the other you’ll want to first, thoroughly research the career you are interested in and second, explore the job requirements within the state where you want to work.

Most U.S. states and regions have their own governing organization that determines the required credentials and training for different jobs. The best way to determine what is required is to contact the local regulatory agency for your field and/or professional association (e.g. California Board of Nursing, Colorado Psychology Examiners, etc.).

Undergraduate Degrees

Simply put, undergraduate degrees is the category of degree you can earn after you finish high school diploma or GED and before a master’s or doctoral degree. Undergraduate degrees are sometimes referred to as post-secondary degrees. Courses in the undergraduate degree level incorporate general education learning material as well as curricula from elective, pre-requisite, and core classes.

General education courses are required if you are pursuing an undergraduate degree, regardless of your chosen field of study. General education courses may include subjects related to math, history, art, science, and English.

Pre-requisites and core courses will often be specific to the field of study that you choose to pursue. For example, a psychology program may require certain prerequisite courses to be taken before you are able to apply for entrance into the program. Once admitted into the psychology program, you can then take core classes in behavioral science, adolescent psychology, psychology research and statistics, abnormal psychology, counseling, neuroscience, and more.

Some programs require a declaration rather than admission and thus the courses in that program are open to anyone who has declared that to be their major or minor; sometimes these courses have no enrollment restrictions and are open to anyone who has interest in the course.

Types of Undergraduate Degrees

There are two general types of undergraduate degrees: Associate Degrees and Bachelor’s Degrees . Associate Degrees earned at a community college with the intent of transferring to an accredited four-year institutions are sometimes referred to Transfer Degrees.

Associate degrees are undergraduate degrees that typically take 2 years to complete. They are offered at community colleges, vocational colleges, technical schools, and some 4-year colleges.

Credits earned through an associate degree program often cost less than those earned at a four-year college and are usually transferable to a four-year college if earned at a community college or vocational school that is regionally accredited.

The most traditional associate degrees are the Associate of Arts (AA) and Associate of Science (AS) . There are also several other types of associate degrees, including the Associate of Applied Science (AAS) , which is designed to prepare students for a particular career path.

Most traditional associate degrees programs consist of three parts: general education requirements, major or subject-specific requirements, and electives.

There is a type of associate degree that is called a transfer degree. If you plan on completing your first two years of college at a community college and then transferring to a four-year college or university, you’ll want to enroll in a program that allows you to earn one of the transfer degrees listed below.

• Associate of Arts (AA)
• Associate of Science (AS)
• Associate of Arts in Teaching (AAT)
• Associate of Engineering Science (AES)
• Associate of Fine Arts (AFA)

You’ll also want to make sure that the institution where you earn your degree is regionally accredited and that the credits will transfer to the four-year college that you want to attend. A majority of four-year colleges and universities are regionally accredited and will only accept transfer credits earned at community colleges that are also regionally accredited.

When earned from an accredited school, the associate degrees listed above will typically fulfill your general education requirements as well as many of the beginning courses for your major that you’ll need to fulfill at a 4-year college.

When considering attending a community college or any 2-year undergraduate program, discuss your choices with a college advisor at your current school or an enrollment office at the 4-year college you plan to attend down the road for more confirmation of transferability.

Common Associate Degrees and Their Abbreviations

• AA – Associate of Arts
• Associate of Engineering or Associate in Electronics Engineering Technology (AE)
• Associate of Science in Nursing (AN)
• Associate of Forestry (AF)
• Associate of Technology (AT)
• Associate of Applied Arts (AAA)
• Associate of Applied Business (AAB)
• Associate of Applied Science or Associate of Arts and Sciences (AAS)
• Associate of Business Administration (ABA)
• Associate of Baccalaureate Studies (ABS)
• Associate Degree in Nursing (ADN, ASN)
• Associate in Engineering Technology (AET)
• Associate of General Studies (AGS)
• Associate of Industrial Technology (AIT)
• Associate of Occupational Studies (AOS)
• Associate of Pre-Engineering (APE)
• Associate of Political Science or Associate of Public Service (APS)
• Associate in Physical Therapy (ASPT-APT)

A bachelor’s degree is an undergraduate degree offered at a four-year college or university. Bachelor’s degrees typically take 4-5 years to complete.

Bachelor’s degrees are the most commonly sought undergraduate degrees. This is most likely because they are the degree of choice among employers looking to fill entry-level positions and are required for entry into most graduate programs.

The bachelor’s degree requires that you complete several general education core courses, such as English, math, science, humanities, communications, and social sciences. If you are entering a bachelor’s degree program, having already completed an associate degree, you may be exempt from taking several, if not all, of the required general education courses.

At some point during the course of your bachelor’s degree, you will also be required to choose a college major , which is a subject or field of academic study and focus.

Two Categories of Bachelor’s Degrees

There are several different types of bachelor’s degrees. The two main categories of bachelor’s degrees are the Bachelor of Arts (BA) and Bachelor of Science (BS) . BA degrees typically focus in the humanities and social science fields. BS degrees usually focus on scientific and technical fields.

Other bachelor’s degrees include the Bachelor of Fine Arts (BFA) or the Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA) , to name just a couple.

Not only is the bachelor’s degree often the minimum degree requirement of employers but students who want to pursue a graduate or professional degree must typically first earn a bachelor’s degree.

In some industries, graduate degrees – master’s degrees and doctoral degrees (PhD, PsyD, M.Ed., etc.) – are the new required minimum for entry into an increasing number of career fields. These fields include clinical psychology, medicine, law, and college teaching.

Types of Bachelor’s Degrees and Their Abbreviations

Architecture and Design

• Bachelor of Architecture (BArch)
• Bachelor of Design (BDes, or SDes in Indonesia)
• Bachelor of Arts (BA, AB)
• Bachelor of Applied Arts (BAA)
• Bachelor of Applied Arts and Science (BAAS)

Engineering

• Bachelor of Engineering (BEng, BE, BSE, BESc, BSEng, BASc, BTech, BSc(Eng), AMIE, GradIETE)
• Bachelor of Technology (BTech or BTech)
• Bachelor of Engineering Technology (BSET)

Business and Management

• Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA)
• International Business Economics (BIBE)
• Bachelor of Science in Business (BSBA)
• Bachelor of Management Studies (BMS)
• Bachelor of Administrative Studies
• Bachelor of International Business Economics (BIBE)
• Bachelor of Commerce (BCom, or BComm)
• Bachelor of Business (BBus or BBus)
• Bachelor of Management and Organizational Studies (BMOS)
• Bachelor of Business Science (BBusSc)
• Bachelor of Accountancy (BAcy or BAcc or BAccty)
• Bachelor of Comptrolling (BAccSci or BCompt).
• Bachelor of Economics (BEc, BEconSc; sometimes BA(Econ) or BSc(Econ))
• Bachelor of Arts in Organizational Management (BAOM)

Computer Science and Information Systems

• Bachelor of Computing (BComp)
• Bachelor of Computer Science (BCompSc)
• Bachelor of Science in Information Technology (BSc IT),
• Bachelor of Computer Applications (BCA)
• Bachelor of Applied Science in Information Technology (BAppSc(IT)
• Bachelor of Business Information Systems (BBIS)

Healthcare and Medicine

• Intercalated Bachelor of Science (BSc)
• Bachelor of Medical Science (BMedSci)
• Bachelor of Medical Biology (BMedBiol)
• Doctorate of Dental Surgery (DDS)
• Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BN, BNSc, BScN, BSN, BNurs, BSN, BHSc)
• Bachelor of Science in Public Health (BSPH)
• Bachelor of Health Science (BHS & BHSc)
• Bachelor of Science in Human Biology (BSc)
• Bachelor of Kinesiology (BKin, BSc(Kin), BHK)
• Bachelor of Aviation (BAvn)

Divinity and Theology

• Bachelor of Divinity (BD or BDiv)
• Bachelor of Theology (BTh; ThB or BTheol)
• Bachelor of Religious Studies (BRS)
• Bachelor of Religious Education (BRE)
• Bachelor of Fine Arts (BFA)

Film and Television

• Bachelor of Film and Television (BF&TV)

Integrated Studies

• Bachelor of integrated studies (BIS)
• Bachelor of Journalism (BJ, BAJ, BSJ or BJourn)

Landscape Architecture

• Bachelor of Landscape Architecture (BLArch)

Liberal Arts

• Bachelor of Liberal Arts (BLA; occasionally ALB)
• Bachelor of General Studies (BGS, BSGS)
• Bachelor of Applied Studies (BAS)
• Bachelor of Liberal Studies
• Bachelor of Professional Studies (BPS)

Library Science

• Bachelor of Library Science (BLS, BLib)
• Bachelor of Library and Information Science (BLIS)
• Bachelor of Music (BM or BMus)
• Bachelor of Art in Music (BA in Music)

Music Education

• Bachelor of Music Education (BME)

Mortuary Science

• Bachelor of Mortuary Science (BMS)
• Bachelor of Philosophy (BPhil, PhB)
• Bachelor of Arts in Psychology (BAPSY)
• Bachelor of Science in Psychology (BSc(Psych))
• Bachelor of Science in Education (BSE, BS in Ed)
• Bachelor of Arts for Teaching (BAT)
• Bachelor of Science and/with education degree (BScEd)
• Bachelor of Science in Forestry (BSF or BScF)
• Bachelor of Science (Bc, BS, BSc, less commonly SB, or ScB)

Science in Law

• Bachelor of Science in Law (BSL)

Social Sciences

• Bachelor of Social Science (BSocSc)

Social Work

• Bachelor of Arts in Social Work (BSW or BASW)
• Bachelor of Technology (BTech)

Talmudic Law

• Bachelor of Talmudic Law (BTL)

Tourism Studies

• Bachelor of Tourism Studies (BTS)

Mathematics

• Bachelor of Mathematics (BMath)
• Bachelor of Mathematical Sciences (BMathSc)

Urban and Regional Planning

• Bachelor of Urban and Regional Planning (BURP and BPlan)

Public Affairs and Policy Management

• Bachelor of Public Affairs and Policy Management (BPAPM)

Graduate Degrees

Graduate degrees are advanced programs of academic and professional study that focus on a particular discipline or profession (e.g. healthcare and medicine, psychology, business, etc.). Graduate degrees can take anywhere from 2-6 years to complete.

In the past, graduate programs were primarily “academic” in nature (research and education oriented). Today most are “professional” (skills development and knowledge application oriented) or are a combination of professional and academic.

How is a Graduate Degree Different from an Undergraduate Degree?

In relation to an undergraduate degree, graduate degrees are much more focused on a particular discipline and offer a field-intense education. In addition, there is a much higher expectation regarding the quantity and quality of students’ academic work.

Differences Between Graduate and Undergraduate Degree Programs

• Fast-paced and demanding
• Studies focused around core discipline with few electives
• Higher standard of required work and performance
• Smaller class size with more interaction between students and teachers
• More hands-on and clinical experience
• Real-world application of classroom instruction
• Work experience via teaching, internships, fellowships, or research
• Original work and research often required
• Higher level of competition between students

Types of Graduate Degrees

There are two general categories of graduate-level degrees: master’s and doctoral.

A master’s degree is a post-secondary or graduate degree that is often pursued following a bachelor’s degree. Although a master’s degree is much more rigorous and demanding than a bachelor’s degree, it can usually be completed in two years of full-time study.

The majority of master’s degrees involve intricate analysis and/or extensive research.

5 Reasons to Get a Master’s Degree

• To better meet job requirements
• Qualify for career advancement and management opportunities
• Deeper knowledge of career field and needed skills
• Set yourself apart from other professionals
• Increase salary potential

General Master’s Degree Areas

• Master of Arts (MA)
• Master of Science (MS)
• Master of Fine Arts (MFA)

Types of Master’s Degrees

• Master of Accountancy (MAcc, MAc, or MAcy)
• Master of Advanced Study (M.A.S.)
• Master of Economics (M.Econ)
• Master of Applied Science (MASc, MAppSc, MApplSc, M.A.Sc. and MAS.)
• Master of Architecture (M.Arch.)
• Master of Arts (M.A., MA, A.M., or AM)
• Master of Arts in Teaching (MAT)
• Master of Arts in Liberal Studies (MA, ALM, MLA, MLS or MALS)
• Master of Business Administration (MBA)
• Master of Business (MBus)
• Master of Business Informatics (MBI)
• Master of Chemistry (MChem)
• Master of City Planning
• Master of Commerce (MCom or MComm)
• Master of Computational Finance (or Quantitative Finance)
• Master of Computer Applications (MCA)
• Master of Criminal Justice (MCJ)
• Master in Creative Technologies
• Master of Design (MDes, M.Des. or M.Design)
• Master of Divinity (M.Div.)
• Master of Economics (M.Econ.)
• Master of Education (M.Ed., MEd, Ed.M., M.A.Ed., M.S.Ed., M.S.E., or M.Ed.L)
• Master of Engineering (M.Eng., ME or MEng)
• Master of Engineering Management (MEM)
• Master of Enterprise (M.Ent.)
• Master of European Law (LL.M. Eur)
• Master of Finance (M.Fin.)
• Master of Financial Economics
• Master of Financial Engineering (Master of Quantitative Finance)
• Master of Financial Mathematics (Master of Quantitative Finance)
• Master of Fine Arts (MFA, M.F.A.)
• Master of Health Administration (MHA)
• Master of Health Science (MHS)
• Master of Humanities (MH)
• Master of Industrial and Labor Relations (MILR)
• Master of International Affairs
• Master of International Business
• Masters in International Economics
• Master of International Studies (MIS)
• Master of Information System Management (abbreviated M.ISM, MS.IM, M.IS or similar)
• Master of IT (abbreviated MSIT, MScIT, M.Sc.IT, MSc.IT or M.Sc IT.)
• Master of Jurisprudence (M.J. or M.Jur)
• Master of Laws (LL.M. or LLM)
• Master of Studies in Law (M.S.L.)
• Master of Landscape Architecture (M.Arch.)
• Master of Letters (MLitt)
• Master of Liberal Arts (MA, ALM, MLA, MLS or MALS)
• Master of Library and Information Science (MLIS)
• Master of Management (MM)
• Master of Mathematical Finance
• Master of Mathematics (or MMath)
• Master of Medical Science
• Master of Music (M.M. or M.Mus.)
• Master of Occupational Therapy (OT)
• Master of Pharmacy (MPharm or MPharm)
• Master of Philosophy (M.Phil.)
• Master of Physician Assistant Studies
• Master of Physics (MPhys)
• Master of Political Science
• Master of Professional Studies (MPS or M.P.S.)
• Master of Public Administration (MPA)
• Master of Public Affairs (M.P.Aff.)
• Master of Public Health (M.P.H.)
• Master of Public Policy (M.P.P.)
• Master of Public Management
• Master of Quantitative Finance
• Master of Rabbinic Studies (MRb)
• Master of Real Estate Development
• Master of Religious Education
• Master of Research – MSc(R)
• Master of Sacred Music (MSM)
• Master of Sacred Theology (S.T.M.)
• Master of Science (M.Sc., MSc, M.Sci., M.Si., Sc.M., M.S., MSHS, MS, Mag., Mg., Mgr, S.M., or SM)
• Master of Science in Education
• Master of Science in Engineering (MSE)
• Master of Science in Finance (M.Fin.)
• Master of Science in Human Resource Development (HRD or MSHRD)
• Master of Science in Information Systems (MSIS)
• Master of Science in Information Systems Management (MSMIS)
• Master of Science in Information Technology (MSIT, MScIT, M.Sc.IT, MSc.IT or M.Sc IT.)
• Master of Science in Leadership (MSL)
• Master of Science in Management (MSc or MSM)
• Master of Science in Nursing (MSN)
• Master of Science in Project Management (M.S.P.M.)
• Master of Science in Supply Chain Management (SCM or MSSCM)
• Master of Science in Teaching (MST)
• Master of Science in Taxation
• Master of Social Science (MSSc)
• Master of Social Work (MSW)
• Master of Studies (M.St. or MSt)
• Master of Surgery (Ch.M. or M.S., as well as M.Ch. and M.Chir.)
• Master of Theological Studies (M.T.S.)
• Master of Theology (Th.M. or M.Th.)
• Master of Urban Planning
• Master of Veterinary Science (MVSC or MVSc)

A specialist degree is a type of professional degree that is typically earned in addition to a master’s degree. Specialist degrees are designed to provide working professionals with an additional certification to fulfill licensing requirements (e.g. EdS for a school principal).

Specialist degrees are typically only offered at certain U.S. graduate colleges and universities. These degree programs require additional coursework, training, and/or internship experience.

Types of Specialist Degrees

• Specialist of Education (EdS, SpEd)
• Specialist in Psychology (PsyS)
• Specialist in School Psychology (SSP)
• Specialist in Arts (SpA)
• Specialist in Community College Teaching (SCCT)
• Specialist in Library and Informational Science (SLIS)

A doctoral degree is an advanced graduate degree that typically follows a master’s degree program. Depending on the field of study, some students can go from a bachelor’s program directly into a joint masters/doctorate program.

In many fields, a doctoral degree is considered a “terminal degree”, the highest academic degree in a given field of study. Depending on the field of study and previous education, a doctoral degree can take anywhere from 3-7 years to complete, sometimes longer.

Unlike bachelor’s and master’s degrees that can be completed on a part-time basis, doctoral degrees are work-intensive and usually require full-time attention. Sometimes up to 40 to 60 hours a week of research and studying. Most doctoral degrees are research-oriented and are earned under the supervision and tutelage of a professor.

Historically doctorate degrees were primarily research-oriented and designed to prepare students for a career in research and teaching. Now they are required for entry into several professional career fields like psychology, college teaching, and medicine.

Many professionals now pursue these degrees in an effort to increase their career options and salary.

Categories of Doctorate Degrees

• Professional Doctorates – The professional doctorate, as the name suggests, is a professionally oriented doctorate degree that focuses on a particular profession. These programs typically emphasize skill development and knowledge acquisition. An example of a professional doctorate is the Doctor of Business Administration (DBA).
• Research Doctorates – These doctorate degrees are research-oriented doctorates that focus almost exclusively on academic research. Common research doctorates include Ph.D. and Doctor of Philosophy.
• Higher Doctorates – A higher doctorate is a tiered research degree. While not as common in the United States, these degrees are awarded in several countries including France, Great Britain, and Ireland.
• Honorary Doctorates – An honorary doctorate is degree in which the usual requirements have been waived. This degree is typically awarded as a way of honoring or recognizing an individual’s contributions in a specific field, or to society in general. Honorary doctorates are not awarded by all universities that award doctorate degrees.

Types of Professional Doctorate Degrees

• Doctor of Chiropractic (DC)
• Doctor of Dental Medicine (DMD)
• Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP)
• Doctor of Ministry (DMin)
• Doctor of Occupational Therapy (OTD)
• Doctor of Optometry (OD)
• Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO)
• Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD)
• Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT)
• Doctor of Practical Theology (DPT)
• Doctor of Public Administration (DPA)
• Doctor of Social Work (DSW)
• Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (DVM)
• Juris Doctor (JD)
• Medicinae Doctor (MD)

Types of Research Doctoral Degrees

• Doctor of Arts (DA)
• Doctor of Business Administration (DBA)
• Doctor of Design (D.Des.)
• Doctor of Education (Ed.D.)
• Doctor of Engineering (D.Eng./D.E.Sc./D.E.S.)
• Doctor of Fine Arts (DFA)
• Doctor of Industrial Technology (DIT)
• Doctor of Music (DM)
• Doctor of Nursing Science (DNSc)
• Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
• Doctor of Physical Education (DPE)
• Doctor of Public Health (DPH)
• Doctor of Science (DSc/ScD)
• Doctor of Theology (ThD)

A professional degree professional degree is a doctorate-level degree that is required as a prerequisite to working in a particular career field.

Types of Professional Degrees

• Chiropractic (DC, DCM)
• Dentistry (DDS, DMD)
• Law (JD, LLB)
• Medicine (MD)
• Optometry (OD)
• Osteopathic Medicine (DO)
• Pharmacy (PharmD)
• Podiatry (DPM, DP, PodD)
• Theology (MDiv, MHL, BD, Ordination)
• Veterinary Medicine (DVM, VMD)

Professional degree programs are typically offered by specialized schools that focus in a particular area of expertise like law, medicine, psychology, engineering, business, etc.

Most professional degree programs require a bachelor’s degree, at a minimum, as a condition for application and acceptance. All classes, coursework, internships, residencies within these programs focus on the specific field of study. These degrees are sometimes referred to as “First Professional Degrees”.

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Types of college degrees.

• Associate of Applied Science (AAS)
• Bachelor's Degrees
• Bachelor of Arts (BA)
• Bachelor of Science (BS)
• Master's Degrees
• Doctoral Degrees (PhD)

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TheBestSchools’ Degrees Guide

Are you ready to discover your college program?

Let our degrees guide help you find the right major and education level for your professional goals.

In 2020, nearly 20 million students enrolled in U.S. colleges and universities at the undergraduate and graduate levels. These students declare majors in diverse fields, and a growing number of them choose an online learning format . But what is the best fit for you?

Choosing an educational path takes time. Instead of changing majors multiple times, invest energy ahead of time in researching college majors, universities that specialize in different subjects, and options within each degree level. Narrowing your focus to a discipline — like healthcare, business, computer science, social science, or art and design — helps you find the right fit.

Selecting a major is only the first step — not the final one. After declaring a major and earning a bachelor’s degree, some careers require additional study. For example, many careers in healthcare, psychology, social work, and education require a master’s degree. Learning more about degree levels and career paths while you are an undergraduate helps you plan ahead.

Students need an up-to-date resource on news that impacts prospective and current students. That’s why TheBestSchools offers a variety of tools and resources for college students.

Selecting a Major

What are the most popular majors ? Is there a list of college majors ? And how should you choose a major ? Most undergrads wrestle with these questions at some point in their college career.

When it comes to selecting a major, students need all the information they can get. Resources about the most common majors and career paths for each can help degree-seekers narrow their options.

In addition to researching majors, students should consider their circumstances. What fields interest you? What kinds of careers would you like to pursue? What are your strengths? Answering these questions can help students narrow their choices and pick a major.

How to Choose Your College Major

College Majors List

Most Popular Majors

Health Professions Degrees

With 2.4 million new jobs projected between 2019-2029, the healthcare field will grow more than any other occupational field.

Earning a degree in healthcare prepares graduates for careers working with diverse patient populations. Nursing degrees , for example, train students for high-paying careers. An RN degree or an RN-to-BSN degree leads to entry-level roles. An MSN degree opens the door to advanced practice roles.

In addition to nursing, students interested in healthcare can earn pharmacy degrees , allied health degrees, and kinesiology degrees . Universities also offer specialized training for substance abuse counseling careers and roles in healthcare administration .

Kinesiology

Substance Abuse Counseling

Social Sciences Degrees

The social sciences investigate social institutions and human communities. This includes fields like political science , sociology, and women and gender’s studies . Degree-seekers in these fields explore political institutions, human behavior, and culture. For example, a sociology degree or an economics degree emphasizes qualitative and quantitative data analysis.

Students earning a history degree critically examine the past while strengthening their research and writing skills. An anthropology degree similarly encourages critical thinking and analysis.

In addition to these social science majors, students can earn a criminal justice or law degree to examine the criminal justice system and prepare for careers in law enforcement or criminal defense.

What Can You Do With a Sociology Degree?

What Can You Do With a Political Science Degree?

What Can You Do With a History Degree?

What Is a Women, Men, and Gender Studies Degree?

Business Management and Administration Degrees

Business management and administration professionals learn how to manage complex projects and make strategic decisions. Within the business field, students usually specialize. For example, a business degree can lead to opportunities in project management, entrepreneurship, and organizational leadership. Business majors can also specialize in human resources , logistics, and international business.

Meanwhile, an accounting degree or a finance degree leads to careers like accountant, financial specialist, or personal financial planner. Degree-seekers can earn degrees in public administration to take on leadership positions in public and nonprofit organizations.

What Is a Business Degree?

What Can You Do with an Accounting Degree?

What Can I Do With a Human Resources Degree?

What Can You Do With a Public Administration Degree?

Computer Science and Information Technology Degrees

Computer science and information technology careers pay a median salary of more than double the national average. They also report high projected job growth.

Within these growing fields, students earn degrees in varied majors, including computer science and information technology. These majors emphasize technical and problem-solving skills. Students often add business training to their course of study, too.

Specialized majors like cybersecurity, database management, network architecture, and information security offer focused training for technical careers. For instance, a cybersecurity degree leads to opportunities as an information security analyst.

Graduate-level training prepares professionals for leadership and decision-making roles.

What Is a Computer Science Degree?

What Can You Do With a Cybersecurity Degree?

Information Technology Degree Guide

Art and Design Degrees

The art and design field draws on creative skills to create visually engaging fine art and design pieces.

Within an art and design program, students can specialize in fine arts, like drawing and illustration, or in design fields, like graphic design and web design. Many programs offer specialized training in game design — a growing field with exciting career opportunities.

Art and design majors increasingly need technical skills to advance in their careers. Artists and designers rely on software programs to create 3-D models, graphic art, and video games. These programs blend creativity with technical training.

What Can You Do With an Art and Design Degree?

What Can You Do With a Degree in Video Game Design?

Marketing, Communication, and Journalism Degrees

The fields of marketing, communication, and journalism analyze data and communicate information to people.

A marketing degree strengthens research skills and leads to roles like market research analyst or marketing manager. With a communications degree , graduates can pursue careers in public relations, corporate communications, and writing. A journalism degree emphasizes writing, research, and journalism ethics.

Graduates in these fields develop strong communication abilities. As a result, they may work in many industries. Learn more about available career paths with a marketing, communication, or journalism degree at the links below.

What Can I Do With a Marketing Degree?

What Can I Do With a Communication Degree?

What Is a Journalism Degree?

Science Degrees

Science degrees investigate the natural world using observation, experiments, and mathematics. Within the sciences, students can pursue degrees in several major fields. A biology degree , for instance, investigates the living world and diverse ecosystems. Common subfields include microbiology, biochemistry, and biomedicine.

A chemistry degree examines the smallest particles and their interactions, while a physics degree investigates motion and force. Other science majors include genetics, zoology, ecology, planetary science, and Earth science. Graduate programs offer even more specialized options.

After earning a science degree, graduates can pursue STEM careers or move into related fields, like medicine.

What Can You Do With a Chemistry Degree?

What Is a Physics Degree?

What Can You Do With a Biology Degree?

Psychology, Counseling, and Social Work Degrees

Psychology, counseling, and social work degrees build strong critical thinking, interpersonal, and analytical abilities.

During a psychology degree , for example, students learn about human development, social behavior, and abnormal psychology. A counseling degree emphasizes therapeutic treatment, assessment, and diagnosis. Meanwhile, social work degrees train students in the social welfare system, client advocacy, and clinical social work practice.

Careers in psychology, counseling, and social work often require a graduate degree. Students can study at the undergraduate level and decide whether to pursue a career in psychology, counseling, or social work . Pursuing those careers often requires a master’s degree.

Psychology Degree Guide

Social Work Degree Overview

Language and Literature Degrees

Language and literature degrees build fluency in foreign languages and strengthen literary analysis and writing skills.

During an English degree , for example, majors analyze rhetorical approaches, critically assess literature, and build strong research and writing abilities. English majors can pursue a variety of career paths after graduation, including roles in education, public relations, writing, and editing.

Many employers look for strong language skills, which students can gain through a Spanish degree or a different language degree. Many colleges offer multiple language degrees. Romance languages like French are popular options, as are German, Russian, Arabic, and Mandarin Chinese. Language degrees can lead to opportunities as translators and interpreters.

What Can You Do with an English Degree?

What Is a Spanish Degree?

Theology and Religious Studies Degrees

Theology and religious studies majors investigate religious systems and personal faith in an academic setting. During a religious studies degree , learners compare religious systems and study how they evolve over time. The major also emphasizes the intersections between religion and culture.

A theology degree builds pastoral and ministry skills. Many theology programs incorporate counseling courses, training in biblical ministry, and missionary coursework. With a theology degree at the undergraduate or graduate level, people pursue careers in the church or in nonprofit and social services organizations.

What Can You Do With a Religious Studies Degree?

What Can You Do With a Theology Degree?

Math and Engineering Degrees

Many math and engineering careers report high demand. A math or engineering major also strengthens analytical and logic-based skills. During a math major , for example, students study calculus, statistics, and math theory. They can also pursue training in math education to become a math teacher.

An engineering degree leads to many high-paying careers, including electrical engineer, civil engineer, and mechanical engineer. Engineering programs often emphasize materials science, engineering theory, and the best practices for designing and testing new products.

Graduate-level training in math or engineering prepares graduates for careers as mathematicians, statisticians, data scientists, and engineering managers.

What Is a Math Degree?

What Can You Do With an Engineering Degree?

Education, Fine Arts, and the Humanities

Students in education, the fine arts, and the humanities develop strong critical thinking, communication, and creative skills.

An education degree emphasizes teaching skills. Students specialize in areas like early childhood education , elementary education, or secondary education. At the graduate level, education programs train principals and other school administrators.

The fine arts and humanities include fields like creative writing, English, philosophy, and graphic art. In related fields, like library science , learners build problem-solving and information management skills.

Like other arts majors, a music degree blends theory and practice to strengthen creative abilities.

What Can You Do with an Education Degree?

What Can You Do With a Music Degree?

What Is a Library Science Degree?

Choosing a Degree Level

When choosing an education path, ask yourself: Do you need an undergraduate degree or a graduate degree to enter your preferred profession? Or will a certificate program prepare you for the workforce?

When choosing a degree level, prospective students should understand the difference between an associate degree and a bachelor’s degree . At the graduate level, both master’s programs and doctoral programs offer advanced coursework in a specialized field.

Associate Degree

Bachelor’s Degree

Master’s Degree

Doctoral Degree

Certificates

Bootcamps, Trade Schools, and Other Career Paths

College is not the only route to a fulfilling, lucrative career . Many students choose alternative pathways like trade school, vocational training, or coding bootcamps . These programs offer career-ready training that blends lectures with practical experience.

Vocational programs offer degrees in areas like automotive technology , hospitality management , the culinary arts, and fire science . Learners can also study to become paralegals and allied health professionals through vocational training. Trade schools offer training in-demand fields like aviation technology or military science , which help service members advance to leadership roles.

Rather than limiting your search to traditional colleges and universities, consider career paths that require a 1-2 year vocational certificate or degree.

Automotive Technology Degree

Military Science Degree

Pursuing an Online Degree

A growing number of colleges and universities offer online degrees . But what do you need to know before enrolling in an online college?

Know what to look for when researching online programs . There are many advantages to online education — including a flexible schedule . Check out our online education checklist to make sure you are prepared for the first day of class. Build up your online college tools to hit the ground running on your way to a degree.

The Best Online Colleges and Universities

What to Look for in an Online College

Advantages of a Dedicated Online Program

Online Education Checklist

Synchronous Learning vs. Asynchronous Learning

Essential Tools for Online College Students

Paying for Your Education

Paying for college stresses out many students. Before applying to schools, consider your college finances and your budget. Then, research college scholarships and student loans . Getting educated about college costs can help students make informed decisions and limit their debt after graduation.

If you are considering online college, learn more about financial aid at online schools . The following resources can help you understand your options and secure financial aid for your degree.

TheBestSchools’ College Finances Guide

How to Find Scholarships for College

Paying for Online College

What You Should Know About Student Loans

Recent Publications on Degrees and Majors

College offers students an opportunity to explore and grow while expanding their intellectual horizons. In between general education requirements and final exams, students can benefit from an outside perspective on degrees and majors.

Our recent blog posts have examined topics like the role of the humanities and journalism in our modern era, unexpected majors to help you land a tech job, and celebrities who earned surprising degrees. For more recent news on majors, bookmark TheBestSchools’ Magazine .

The Best Degrees for Landing a Tech Job

Lindsay Fargo was on a path to Hollywood with a bachelor’s degree in film and television production. But when she had trouble landing a job in a studio, Fargo pivoted in an unexpected direction: tech jobs. Years later, Fargo has led anti-piracy and app development teams, been a product manager for Amazon, and headed technology …

Frequently Asked Questions About Choosing a Degree

What is the college major with the highest employment rate.

Business, healthcare, and education all report high employment rates for graduates. Undergrads should always research projected job growth in different fields when choosing a major.

What College Major Pays the Most?

Computer science, engineering, statistics, and nursing all rank among the college majors that pay the highest salaries, according to Glassdoor data .

What College Major Is Right for Me?

Every student must find the right major for their personal interests, strengths, and career goals. Taking a variety of courses and researching career paths can help undecided students choose their majors.

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Are you thinking of getting a college degree or advancing your education? Having a degree positions you for success in your career. It helps you build the kind of future you want by providing the knowledge and skills needed to succeed. Key Takeaways: There are 4 main types of college degrees: associate, bachelor, master, and doctoral. Additionally there are specialized certifications and degrees for certain professions, such as a Juris Doctor (J.D) for lawyers. 35% of the job openings will require at least a bachelor’s degree and 30% of the job openings will require some college or an associate’s degree. When pursuing a degree, align it with your interests, career aspirations, financial needs, and time considerations. In This Article    Skip to section Types of Degrees Specialty Degrees and Certifications Advantages of a College Degree Who Benefits from Completing a Degree Program? Deciding What Major is Right For You Steps to Selecting the Right College Degree Sign Up For More Advice and Jobs Show More Types of Degrees

There are four levels of college degrees: associate , bachelor’s, masters, and doctoral degrees. Below is a description of each type of degree.

Associate degrees. This is a two-year degree that can provide education for entry level jobs or fulfill general education requirements for those who wish to obtain a bachelor’s degree in the future. Associate degrees are usually provided by community colleges and technical schools. You can earn one of three types:

Associate of Arts degree

Associate of Science degree

Associate of Applied Science

Associate of Applied Business degree

Associate degrees a great option because it allows you to pursue your career goals in greater depth without racking up college tuition fees in the process.

Bachelor’s degrees. Most bachelor degrees take four years to earn. However, some accredited colleges offer fast track programs. They are degrees that offer in depth education on a specialized field of study. Most graduate level degree first require a bachelor’s degree. Broadly speaking there are two main types of degrees:

Bachelor of Arts (BA). If you are creative and enjoy English, Arts, Languages, and Humanities, then a BA degree is right for you.

Bachelor of Science (BS). If you excel at math and science, then a BS degree might be for you. It’s typically geared toward a career in a scientific or technical field.

Master’s degrees. This is an advanced degree that you can earn after completing an undergraduate degree. Most students can earn a master’s degree in two to three years. Many take night classes while working during the day. Sometimes an employer will cover the cost of a master’s degree.

Having a master’s degree helps you advance in your field. It sets you apart and positions you to earn higher salaries.

One of the most popular master’s degrees is the MBA, which covers advanced coursework in business, marketing, and finance. Having an MBA makes it easier to get hired for higher-level positions and achieve bigger raises .

Some in-demand Masters degrees include

Master of Arts (M.A.)

Master of Social Work (MSW

Master of Business Administration (M.B.A.)

Master of Computer Applications (M.C.A.)

Master of Engineering (M.Eng.)

Master of Philosophy (M.Phil.)

Master of Science (M.Sc.)

Master of Technology (M.Tech.)

Master of Statistics (M.Stat.)

Master of Laws (LL.M.)

Doctoral degrees (Ph.D.) A Ph.D. is a sign of mastery in your field. You must have a master’s degree before pursuing your doctoral degree. Completing a Ph.D. opens up a lot of doors in terms of career advancement.

This degree takes three to four years to earn. You complete your degree by writing a thesis or dissertation that contributes original work in your field. Popular Ph.D. specializations include science, law, and education.

There are two major types of doctoral degrees: the research-oriented degree and the professional application degree. Some examples of doctoral degrees include:

Juris Doctor (J.D.)

Doctor of Medicine (M.D.)

Doctor of Education (EdD)

Specialty Degrees and Certifications

Many students obtain a degree or certification that specializes in a certain area of study and prepares them for a professional career. These can come at all levels, from associate all the way to doctoral. Some include:

Professional certificates. Earning this helps you gain the critical skills and knowledge you need to stand out in your field. It demonstrates the professional competence of in-demand skills for your career. Having a certificate sets you apart as a top candidate with recruiters.

Here are some top sought after professional certificates.

Google Certificates

Help Desk/Desktop Analyst Certifications (A+, Network+)

Human Resources Certifications (PHR, SPHR, SHRM)

Network Certifications (CCNA, CCNP, CCIE)

Project Management Certifications (PMP)

Sales Certifications

Salesforce Certification

Hubspot Inbound Certificatio

Juris doctor degrees (J.D.) A Juris Doctor or J.D. is what you receive upon graduation from law school. It prepared a lawyer to take the state bar exam, which will allow them to practice law in their state.

Doctor of medicine degrees (M.D.) Having an M.D. ( medical doctor ) degree qualifies you to become a physician in primary care and a number of specialized medical fields.

Doctor of dental surgery degree (D.D.S.) You can become a Doctor of Dental Science or a Doctor of Dental Surgery and practice dentistry.

Specialist degrees . This is a type of graduate degree. To earn a specialist degree, you must have first earned a master’s degree.

Here are some types of specialist education degrees that you can pursue:

Education specialist degree (Ed.S.) Having this degree designated that you have advanced proficiency in your educational field. Areas of specialty can include adult education, instructional technology, curriculum and instruction, educational psychology, educational leadership, or special education.

Psychology specialist (Psy.S.) After earning a BS degree, you can pursue a Psy.S. It furthers knowledge in psychological and educational foundations, research methods, psychological and educational assessment, intervention strategies, and professional school psychology.

Advantages of a College Degree

Competition for the job market is fierce. Employers look for the candidate with the best training and education. Having a degree in your field positions you for success.

You earn more when you have a college degree. According to CNN , college grads earn $30,000 a year more than people with just a high school degree.

It empowers you with the latest skills for your industry. In addition to job skills, you can develop your leadership , tenacity, problem resolution , and critical thinking skills .

Having a degree can help you advance your career. According to Recovery: Job Growth and Education Requirements Through 2020 : 35% of the job openings will require at least a bachelor’s degree, 30% of the job openings will require some college or an associate’s degree, and 36% of the job openings will not require education beyond high school.

It can help you switch into an entirely new field. If you are ready to take the leap into a different line of work , earning a degree empowers you to lead with confidence in that line of work.

Earning a college degree gives you better job security. Individuals with college degrees not only earn more than those without degrees do, but they are also far more likely to keep their jobs when times get tough.

Who Benefits from Completing a Degree Program?

For many, graduating high school means that college is the next step toward training for a career. Some will get higher education as a way to grow in their career path . For example, someone with a bachelor’s degree may pursue an MBA to advance their career options.

Someone who didn’t go to college may attend college later in life to boost their earning power and support their family.

Maybe you want a midlife transition. Perhaps you always wanted to be a nurse but never pursued it. Now is the perfect chance to enroll in an online degree program for your nursing education and transition to a rewarding career in nursing.

A retired person may be a lifelong learner and want to take coursework in music or philosophy just because they enjoy it.

Education is what unleashes our full potential. As Nelson Mandela said, “Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world.”

Deciding What Major is Right For You

Start with determining where your interests and passions lie. Then you can select a major. Once you do that, choose a degree program to take the first steps toward your new career.

Here are the most popular college and university majors.

Chemical Engineering.

Computer Science

Communications

English Language and Literature

Political Science

If you want to avoid a struggle finding a job after earning your degree, here are some of the toughest college majors for finding jobs .

Steps to Selecting the Right College Degree

Selecting which degree to pursue can feel overwhelming. With the information we have shared, you have everything you need to plan a course of study that is right for you.

Self-reflect. Look at your interests and talents. Doing work you love is so rewarding. There are also career aptitude and personality tests like the Myers-Briggs to help you see what you are good at .

List career interests. Make a list of top career choices you’d like to learn more about. Research online to see what different careers are like. Find out how much they earn. Discover different career options in that field.

Ask for help. Talk to friends, family, and professionals. Learn from what they have to offer, but remember, in the end it is your choice to own. If you feel stumped, schedule an appointment with a counselor to craft an education plan.

Research schools. Then determine the best place to earn your degree. It may be a local college for basic educational coursework. Many will then transfer to a four-year program at a major university.

Some will pursue advanced degrees or certification attending classes online or with night school. These educational options are very flexible for someone working during the day to attend school at night.

Best of luck to you as you pursue your degree!

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Chris Kolmar is a co-founder of Zippia and the editor-in-chief of the Zippia career advice blog. He has hired over 50 people in his career, been hired five times, and wants to help you land your next job. His research has been featured on the New York Times, Thrillist, VOX, The Atlantic, and a host of local news. More recently, he's been quoted on USA Today, BusinessInsider, and CNBC.

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What qualification levels mean

England, wales and northern ireland.

There are 9 qualification levels.

Entry level

Each entry level qualification is available at three sub-levels - 1, 2 and 3. Entry level 3 is the most difficult.

Entry level qualifications are:

• entry level award
• entry level certificate ( ELC )
• entry level diploma
• entry level English for speakers of other languages ( ESOL )
• entry level essential skills
• entry level functional skills
• Skills for Life

Level 1 qualifications are:

• first certificate
• GCSE - grades 3, 2, 1 or grades D, E, F, G
• level 1 award
• level 1 certificate
• level 1 diploma
• level 1 ESOL
• level 1 essential skills
• level 1 functional skills
• level 1 national vocational qualification ( NVQ )
• music grades 1, 2 and 3

Level 2 qualifications are:

• CSE - grade 1
• GCSE - grades 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4 or grades A*, A, B, C
• intermediate apprenticeship
• level 2 award
• level 2 certificate
• level 2 diploma
• level 2 ESOL
• level 2 essential skills
• level 2 functional skills
• level 2 national certificate
• level 2 national diploma
• level 2 NVQ
• music grades 4 and 5
• O level - grade A, B or C

Level 3 qualifications are:

• access to higher education diploma
• advanced apprenticeship
• applied general
• international Baccalaureate diploma
• level 3 award
• level 3 certificate
• level 3 diploma
• level 3 ESOL
• level 3 national certificate
• level 3 national diploma
• level 3 NVQ
• music grades 6, 7 and 8

Level 4 qualifications are:

• certificate of higher education ( CertHE )
• higher apprenticeship
• higher national certificate ( HNC )
• level 4 award
• level 4 certificate
• level 4 diploma
• level 4 NVQ

Level 5 qualifications are:

• diploma of higher education ( DipHE )
• foundation degree
• higher national diploma ( HND )
• level 5 award
• level 5 certificate
• level 5 diploma
• level 5 NVQ

Level 6 qualifications are:

• degree apprenticeship
• degree with honours - for example bachelor of the arts ( BA ) hons, bachelor of science ( BSc ) hons
• graduate certificate
• graduate diploma
• level 6 award
• level 6 certificate
• level 6 diploma
• level 6 NVQ
• ordinary degree without honours

Level 7 qualifications are:

• integrated master’s degree, for example master of engineering ( MEng )
• level 7 award
• level 7 certificate
• level 7 diploma
• level 7 NVQ
• master’s degree, for example master of arts ( MA ), master of science ( MSc )
• postgraduate certificate
• postgraduate certificate in education ( PGCE )
• postgraduate diploma

Level 8 qualifications are:

• doctorate, for example doctor of philosophy ( PhD or DPhil )
• level 8 award
• level 8 certificate
• level 8 diploma

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How to Become a Financial Manager

Approaching your education with a future career in mind is both smart and practical. With finance being one of the fastest-growing and most in-demand fields, it’s no surprise that more people are interested in becoming financial managers every day. Financial management is an exciting and rewarding profession that combines analytical skills, strategic thinking, collaboration, and ongoing learning opportunities. As a financial manager, you’ll oversee an organization’s financial health, develop strategies for long-term goals, and manage finance reports, investments, and cash flow.

Table of Contents

Financial management overview, what education do i need for finance, career path and progression, growth opportunities, start a new career as a financial manager.

Your career as a financial manager begins with earning a degree in finance, accounting, economics, or another related field that provides a solid foundation in financial principles. Later, pursuing advanced certifications or even a master’s degree can open further professional opportunities. Whether you’re a current or prospective student still deciding on a career path, someone already in the workforce ready for a change, or looking to earn your degree on your own schedule, a future in financial management could be for you.

This guide will outline the educational and professional steps toward becoming a successful financial manager.

You might be wondering: what exactly is financial management? It refers to the comprehensive practice of planning, organizing, directing, and controlling an organization’s fiscal activities. Through skillful financial management, which includes efficient and effective allocation of resources, thoughtful budgeting, accurate forecasting, careful investment planning, and proper consideration of financial risks, organizations can maximize their value and achieve their goals for economic stability and growth.

Successful financial management requires a combination of technical skills, analytical thinking, and strategic planning. Financial managers use various tools and techniques to assess economic performance, identify areas for improvement, and implement corrective actions. While the job can be demanding and full of responsibilities, financial managers are highly valued within their organizations for their expertise and are well compensated.

What does a Financial Manager do?

Financial managers play a critical role in their organizations by providing the proper fiscal guidance and insights to support business goals and achieve long-term financial health and stability. They act as an important link between financial markets and their organizations, working to identify trends and risks, direct investment activities, and develop strategies for economic growth. With many responsibilities, a financial manager’s job is multifaceted and can involve a wide range of day-to-day activities:

• Compiling and Reviewing Financial Reports: Analyzing daily, weekly, monthly, and annual fiscal data to monitor the company’s financial status.
• Budget Management: Overseeing and managing the company’s budget to ensure financial efficiency and adherence to budgetary constraints.
• Cash Flow Monitoring: Tracking daily cash flow to ensure that the company has enough liquidity for its operations.
• Financial Forecasting: Developing and updating financial forecasts based on current data and market trends.
• Investment Analysis: Assessing potential investment opportunities and making recommendations based on risk and return.
• Risk Management: Identifying and mitigating financial risks through strategic planning and analysis.
• Supervising Accounting Staff: Leading and mentoring the accounting team, ensuring accurate and timely financial reporting.
• Preparing Financial Statements: Overseeing the preparation of balance sheets, income statements, and cash flow statements.
• Conducting Financial Audits: Ensuring that all financial activities comply with regulations and internal policies through regular audits.
• Cost Control: Identifying areas where costs can be reduced without impacting the quality of operations.
• Strategic Planning: Participating in the development of long-term financial strategies to support the company’s growth and stability.
• Regulatory Compliance: Ensuring that the company adheres to financial regulations and standards.
• Advising Management: Providing financial insights and advice to senior management to support decision-making.
• Managing Debt: Overseeing an organization’s debt obligations and working to optimize the debt structure.
• Stakeholder Communication: Communicating financial performance and strategies to stakeholders, including investors, board members, and other executives.

Work Environments

Financial managers work in various settings, reflecting the diverse nature of the role. They might work in:

• Corporate Offices: Managing the finances of large companies or organizations.
• Banks and Financial Institutions: Overseeing investment strategies and risk management.
• Government Agencies: Planning budgets and financial strategies for public sector organizations.
• Nonprofits: Ensuring financial stability and regulatory compliance for nonprofit entities.
• Consulting Firms: Providing financial advice and strategic planning for a range of clients.
• Remote Work: Many financial managers have the flexibility to work remotely, especially in today’s digital age.

A career as a financial manager begins with your education. Typically, aspiring financial managers pursue a degree in accounting, finance, economics , business, or a closely related field. The foundational education you’ll get in these areas of study provides essential knowledge of fiscal principles, accounting practices, and economic theories, all of which are fundamental to an eventual career in financial management.

A bachelor’s degree, such as a Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA) in Accounting or a Bachelor of Science in Financial Management , is often enough to qualify you for certain entry-level positions in finance—additionally, many educational institutions offer work placements, internships, or other opportunities to help you gain practical experience and strengthen your potential as an employee. However, in today’s competitive job market, many finance professionals further their education as a means of advancing their careers. A master’s degree in business administration , finance, economics, or accounting can provide a significant advantage.

Fortunately, both undergraduate and advanced degree programs offer flexible options. Many institutions offer online courses, evening classes, and part-time options that allow you to balance your education with work and personal commitments. This flexibility ensures that you can pursue a bachelor’s or master’s degree and move closer to becoming a financial manager at a pace that suits your schedule and career goals.

Certifications and Licensing

One of the best ways to advance your career as a financial manager is by obtaining specialized certifications, licenses, or other credentials that reflect your areas of expertise or experience. Consider some of the prominent certifications you might pursue as a financial manager:

• Certified Financial Manager (CFM): Offered by the Institute of Management Accountants (IMA), the CFM certification is designed for professionals aiming to showcase their expertise in financial management and ethics. It emphasizes the integration of fiscal and strategic planning, making it valuable for those in leadership roles and as an early stepping stone in the financial management field. The CFM credential demonstrates expertise in areas such as performance measurement, risk management, and decision-making.
• Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA): The CFA designation is a prestigious award from the CFA Institute and is highly regarded in the investment management and financial analysis sectors. It signifies a deep understanding of investment analysis, portfolio management, and ethical standards. Earning the CFA involves passing a series of rigorous exams and demonstrating substantial professional experience.
• Certified Public Accountant (CPA): The CPA credential is widely recognized and respected in the accounting and financial management fields. Licensed by state boards of accountancy, the CPA certification confirms proficiency in accounting principles, auditing, and taxation. It is essential for financial managers who must demonstrate expertise in financial reporting and regulatory compliance.
• Certified Treasury Professional (CTP): Offered by the Association for Financial Professionals (AFP), the CTP certification validates skills in corporate treasury and cash management, emphasizing corporate liquidity, risk management, and investments. It is particularly valuable for financial managers focusing on treasury operations and financial planning.
• Financial Risk Manager (FRM): Awarded by the Global Association of Risk Professionals (GARP), the FRM designation is focused on risk management and analysis. It indicates an ability to identify, assess, and mitigate financial risks and is important for financial managers involved in risk management, financial modeling, and regulatory compliance.

Key Skills for Financial Managers

Through an education in fiscal management, you will acquire and hone the following skills:

• Analytical Skills: Essential for interpreting financial data, identifying trends, and making informed decisions. Financial managers use these skills to analyze complex financial reports and forecasts.
• Attention to Detail: Financial managers are responsible for reviewing financial documents and transactions and ensuring compliance with regulations. They must do so with precise accuracy and reliability.
• Leadership and Management: Financial managers facilitate critical projects, oversee staff, delegate tasks, and ensure departmental and company-wide goals are met.
• Communication Skills: It’s important that a financial manager can clearly convey complex fiscal concepts and recommendations to stakeholders, including executives and board members, in an understandable and accessible manner.
• Problem-Solving: Developing and implementing effective solutions to financial challenges (budget shortfalls, investment risks, etc.) is essential to maintaining financial stability.
• Strategic Thinking: Long-term financial planning and aligning fiscal strategies with organizational goals requires a financial manager who can see the big picture and anticipate future needs and market conditions.
• Technical Proficiency: Financial managers need to be adept with accounting systems and financial modeling software and tools to analyze data and prepare reports.
• Ethical Judgment and Integrity: Maintaining trust and ensuring compliance with high ethical standards and regulations across all of an organization’s financial practices and decision-making is essential to success as a financial manager.

Most financial management careers tend to follow a similar trajectory. Your path toward becoming a financial manager can begin even before you complete your degree. Internships, accounting assistantships, and other roles that serve as practical training opportunities are often available to aspiring financial managers in the early stages of their career journey. Once you gain some relevant industry experience, it will also be easier to secure a role at the entry-level, from which you can further develop your career.

Below, let’s explore some of the jobs available to those with a financial management education and their growth and earning potential (based on BLS records and other data).

Entry-Level Positions

Financial analyst.

Financial analysts help businesses and individuals make decisions about how to spend money to achieve a profit. They research and interpret data in order to inform investment strategies and provide advice. The role has a higher-than-average projected growth of 8% between 2022 and 2032 and paid a median annual salary of $99,890 in 2023.

Junior Accountant

Junior accountants assist with preparing financial statements, maintaining financial records, and performing basic bookkeeping tasks. They also help reconcile accounts, process invoices, and ensure compliance with financial regulations and company policies. In 2023, the role paid a median annual salary of $50,315.

Budget Analyst

Budget analysts prepare budget reports and monitor spending, helping public and private organizations plan their finances. The role is projected to grow at the average rate of 3% between 2022 and 2032 and paid an average annual salary of $84,940 in 2023.

Credit Analyst

Credit analysts evaluate the creditworthiness of individuals or businesses by reviewing and interpreting financial statements, credit reports, and payment histories. They assess risk and make recommendations on loan approvals, credit limits, and interest rates to minimize financial risk for their organization or client. The role paid an average annual salary of $58,675 in 2024.

Mid-Level Career Positions

Senior financial analyst.

Senior financial analysts often work in more specialized areas that require further experience or credentials than entry-level financial analysts. One such role, financial risk specialist , earned a median annual salary of $106,090 as of 2023.

Accounting Manager

Accounting managers often oversee entire accounting departments, ensuring accurate financial reporting, compliance with regulations, and efficient financial operations. They manage staff, review financial statements, and develop financial strategies to support organizational goals. The role is projected to grow at a rate of 4% between 2022 and 2032.

Financial Reporting Manager

Financial reporting managers oversee preparation and distribution of financial reports, ensure accuracy and compliance with regulatory standards, and maintain alignment with company policies. They analyze financial data, coordinate with necessary departments, and present findings to senior management and stakeholders. The role paid a median salary of $101,000 in 2024.

Treasury Manager

Treasury managers manage their organization’s cash flow, liquidity, and financial risk management. They manage investments, optimize financial strategies, and ensure a company’s financial stability by monitoring cash positions and forecasting future financial needs. The role paid an average annual salary of $103,370 in 2024.

With financial health critical to most organizations, including those in corporate finance, banking and financial services, healthcare, government, nonprofits, and more, there will always be a need for financial managers. In fact, according to BLS, financial management is one of the fastest-growing careers, with growth expected at a rate of 16% between 2022 and 2032—more than four times the average 3% projected rate across all occupations.

And not only is there a high and increasing demand, but there is clearly ample room within the industry to advance, especially if you obtain further education and other credentials beyond a bachelor’s degree. Additionally, the median annual salary was reported as $156,100 in 2023—more than three times the median annual wage for all workers of $48,060—making it an appealing and lucrative career.

Financial management is a rewarding and challenging career with plenty of advancement opportunities, the chance to make strategic decisions, and the ability to impact your organization’s success. With strong job prospects, competitive salaries, and the ability to apply your expertise across various industries, it’s an excellent option for anyone considering a career change or interested in finance.

Ready to take the next step? Check out our Bachelor of Science in Financial Management and Master of Business Administration (MBA) in Financial Management Specialization programs designed to provide you with the skills and knowledge to succeed as a financial manager and the flexibility to achieve it at your own pace. Start your path with National University today!

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How to Become a Leader in Public Health Administration

• Kate Gibson

Related topics

• Public Health

Leadership in public health administration is pivotal in shaping the health outcomes of communities. Effective leaders in this field drive initiatives that improve public health infrastructure, manage health crises, and advocate for policy changes that promote overall well-being.

If you’re interested in breaking into this exciting and fulfilling field, here’s everything you need to know about public health administration, and how you can become an effective public health leader.

What Is Public Health Administration?

Public health administration involves the planning, directing, and coordination of health services and programs. Administrators work to ensure communities have access to necessary health services, oversee health policies, and lead health promotion activities.

Some of the most prominent challenges in this field include:

• Managing interdisciplinary teams
• Addressing diverse health needs
• Navigating the complexities of public health crises

“That’s why public health is so collaborative,” says Neil Maniar, Director of the Master of Public Health program at the Bouvé College of Health Sciences. “Public health is very interdisciplinary, especially in a leadership role. So you’ll find yourself really trying to get a number of people to work together to solve a variety of problems. And that can be really challenging at times.”

If you want to become a leader in public health administration, but are unsure if you’re ready to take on today’s complex healthcare challenges, here’s everything you need to know about breaking into this rewarding profession.

1. Choose the Right Educational Pathway

Educational requirements are a cornerstone for aspiring public health administrators. 

“A public health degree enables individuals to really understand what those factors are that are impacting a person’s health and how to address them effectively,” Maniar says.

A bachelor’s degree in public health provides a blend of theory and practice that’s foundational to the field, covering topics like:

• Epidemiology
• Biostatistics
• Health policy

However, if a leadership role is your professional aspiration, it’s important to consider more advanced public health education like a Master of Public Health (MPH).

“Having a master’s degree gives an additional layer of credibility and is an important tool to acquiring a leadership position,” Maniar says. “That’s because it really helps you understand the root causes of public health issues, and whether it’s at a system-, community-, or individual-level.”

Top MPH programs also provide specializations in areas like global health, environmental health, and health policy, allowing you to tailor your education to your career interests. This specialization can prove helpful for leaders trying to navigate these niche areas of public health.

“I can confidently say that I’ve held leadership positions in the healthcare system because of my education, and I don’t think I could have done it without a public health degree,” Maniar adds.

2. Develop Essential Skills for Public Health Leaders

Developing interdisciplinary skills is essential for anyone aspiring to become a leader in public health administration. These skills help you manage complex healthcare programs and ensure your initiatives are carried out ethically and effectively.

For example, strategic decision-making is a critical competency for public health leaders. It involves analyzing data, forecasting future trends, and making informed choices that align with the organization’s goals and the broader public health objectives. 

It can help leaders:

• Allocate resources strategically
• Manage emergency situations effectively
• Promote long-term planning

Consider the public health crisis during the COVID-19 pandemic. Public health leaders were needed to make fast, strategic decisions on implementing lockdown procedures, allocating medical resources to hospitals, and planning vaccination campaigns based on evolving data.

Another important skill for leaders in public health administration is effective communication. This competency is essential for conveying information clearly and persuasively to communities.

Public health leaders use communication skills in public outreach programs to educate the community on health risks and preventive measures, as well as public health advocacy at the local, state, or federal level.

3. Gain Relevant Experience

Real-world experience is invaluable for developing the skills needed to become an effective leader. Aspiring public health leaders should seek out professional development opportunities that can bolster their resume. 

You can gain hands-on experience through:

• Internships
• Volunteer opportunities
• Previous roles in healthcare settings

“I would highly recommend volunteering with local nonprofits,” Maniar advises. “If you have the opportunity, you should even consider serving on a nonprofit board. That’s a great way to get leadership experience.”

Participating in research projects and community health assessments can also provide practical insights into public health issues and solutions. These experiences won’t just enhance your resume, but build your confidence and competence in real-world public health settings.

4. Stay Informed on Industry Trends

Prospective public health administrators should stay updated with the latest public health challenges, technologies, and policies. This knowledge provides a competitive edge and informs better decision-making.

“One of the big challenges that you’ll continually face as a leader is that healthcare is constantly changing,” Maniar warns. “There’s always another crisis on the horizon, and you have to be adaptable as a public health leader.”

To stay informed, consider regularly reading public health journals, attending conferences, and participating in professional organizations. Some of the most notable sources include:

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
• The New England Journal of Medicine
• World Health Organization

These publications can be valuable resources into the latest innovations, technologies, and future threats to community health.

According to the National Association of County and City Health Officials, more than nine in ten Americans are endangered by the underfunding of local public health —with 312 million people in the U.S. living in areas with reduced budgets for local health departments.

“There also always seems to be a budget crunch or issues around funding,” Maniar adds. “And that’s something you’ll have to navigate as a public health leader.”

5. Build a Strong Professional Network

Building a professional network within the public health sector is essential for career advancement. Mentorship and peer collaboration can provide guidance, support, and opportunities for growth.

“I think building a strong professional network is a really important tool in a public health professional’s toolkit,” Maniar says. “It’s really important to build one’s network throughout your career. I often will tell my students that they should think about the relationships they’re building as something that could serve them throughout their career.”

You can find networking opportunities through: 

• Professional associations
• Conferences
• Social media platforms

Joining groups such as the American Public Health Association (APHA) or local public health organizations can also provide access to resources, job opportunities, and professional development events.

6. Continuing Education

Most of the time, an MPH education is sufficient to become a leader in public health administration. It provides a solid foundation in public health principles, equipping professionals with the knowledge and skills needed to address a wide range of public health challenges.

However, other degrees and certifications can enhance your ability to lead in public health, depending on the leadership role you’re interested in.

“If somebody is in a leadership position that deals with finances, then having an MBA in addition to the MPH could be really beneficial,” Maniar says. “Or, if someone wants to be a leader in a clinical area, then having an additional clinical degree is gonna be important as well. So it really depends on what the leadership position is.”

Earning another degree isn’t the only way to continue your education. Valuable certifications, including the Certified in Public Health (CPH) credential, can demonstrate a comprehensive understanding of public health competencies and commitment to the field. 

To determine if you need to advance your educational background, it’s important to assess your career goals and the specific requirements of your desired leadership.

Become the Future of Public Health

Effective leadership is essential to ensuring communities receive optimal care and advice that promotes long-term health. While a passion for helping others is an important element of any public health leader, having a strong advanced education—like an MPH degree—is also essential.

“I think an MPH degree has become more popular over the last several years because we’re starting to see the value of public health in so many aspects of individual and community well-being,” Maniar says.

Choosing the right program can be challenging. However, earning a Master of Public Health degree from Northeastern University can prepare you to become an innovative and impactful public health leader across many different industries and sectors. The interdisciplinary coursework and experiential learning model provides a strong and enduring foundation of knowledge and skills to address complex public health challenges in nearly every industry.

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Forecasting the Future of Public Health: 5 Trends

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