mpact | What change in service are you investigating? | Wildridge, V, & Bell, L 2002, 'How CLIP became ECLIPSE: A mnemonic to assist in searching for health policy/management information', Health Information & Libraries Journal , vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 113–115. More frameworksA review of 38 question frameworks Supplementary material from: Booth, A., Noyes, J., Flemming, K., Moore, G., Tunçalp, Ö., & Shakibazadeh, E. (2019). Formulating questions to explore complex interventions within qualitative evidence synthesis. BMJ global health, 4(Suppl 1), e001107. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2018-001107 - << Previous: What is a literature review?
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Quick LinksWhat is a literature review. A literature review is a methodical examination of the published literature on a specific topic or research question, aimed at analyzing rather than merely summarizing scholarly works relevant to your research . It includes literature that offers background on your topic and demonstrates how it aligns with your research question. What is the Purpose of a Literature Review?- To help define the focus of your research topic.
- To identify existing research in your area of interest, pinpoint gaps in the existing literature, and avoid duplicating previous research.
- To gain an understanding of past and current research as well as the current developments and controversies in your field of interest.
- To recognize and assess the strengths and weaknesses of works related to your area of interest.
- To evaluate the contributions of experts, theoretical approaches, methodologies, results, conclusions, and possible opportunities for future research.
A Literature Review is NOT- An annotated bibliography or research paper
- A collection of broad, unrelated sources
- Everything that has been written on a particular topic
- Literature criticism or a book review.
Literature Review vs Annotated BibliographyA literature review and an annotated bibliography are both tools used to assess and present scholarly research, but they serve different purposes and have distinct formats: | Literature Review | Annotated Bibliography | Purpose | Provides an examination of a collection of scholarly work as they pertain to a specific topic of interest. | Provides a summary of the contents of each example in a collection of scholarly works. | Elements | Includes an introduction, body, conclusion, and bibliography similar to a research paper. | A selection of research and/or scholarly works each with its own summary. | Construction | Sources are logically organized and synthesized to demonstrate the author's understanding of the material. | An alphabetized list of works with a complete citation and a brief statement of the main components. | Critical Evaluation | Contains a collective critique of a body of work related to a specific topic. Assesses the strengths, weaknesses, gaps, and possible future research needs for that topic. | Any critique it contains will focus on the quality of the research and/or argument found in each scholarly work. | Where Can I Find a Lit Review?The Literature Review portion of a scholarly article is usually close to the beginning. It often follows the introduction , or may be combined with the introduction. The writer may discuss his or her research question first, or may choose to explain it while surveying previous literature. If you are lucky, there will be a section heading that includes " literature review ". If not, look for the section of the article with the most citations or footnotes . - Next: Steps for Conducting a Lit Review >>
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About this Event Graduate writing is different from undergraduate writing, and writing is a communication skill that you need to master regardless of your major. Do you know all the parts of a graduate research paper? How to write an abstract or literature review? How to find articles based on your research question? How to seamlessly integrate sources into your writing? The Writing Center is here to help! We have partnered with the College of Graduate Studies to help you gain the resources and skills you need to improve your writing skills as you enter into advanced study of your field/discipline. The Foundations of Graduate Writing series includes seven carefully selected workshops to help you increase your confidence and comfort with writing at the graduate level. Learn more about the seven workshop topics . All sessions are conducted online via Zoom. ----------------------------------------------------- Foundations of Graduate Writing Series FULL Schedule Monday, September 23rd, 1:00 PM - 4:00 PM (PT) - Graduate Writer Mindset (Workshop 1), 1:00 - 2:15 - Break, 2:15 - 2:30 - Academic Voice (Workshop 2), 2:30 - 3:45 - Discussion, Q&A, Evaluations, 3:45 - 4:00 Monday, September 30th, 1:00 PM - 4:00 PM (PT) - Recognizing the Parts of a Research Paper (Workshop 3), 1:00 - 2:15 - How to Find Good Articles (Workshop 4 with Librarian Bernd Becker), 2:30 - 3:45 Monday, October 7th, 1:00 PM - 4:00 PM (PT) - Abstracts and Literature Reviews (Workshop 5), 1:00 - 2:15 - Sentence Variety and Rhythm (Workshop 6), 2:30 - 3:45 Monday, October 14th, 1:00 PM - 2:30 PM (PT) - Writing Group Creation Training (Workshop 7), 1:00 - 2:15 - Discussion, Q&A, Evaluations, 2:15 - 2:30 Zoom registration is required to attend. Spots fill quickly, so sign up soon! Though attendees will receive the most benefit from attending all the workshop sessions as a cohesive whole, you are welcome to register for whichever dates you can attend. Register: https://sjsu.zoom.us/meeting/register/tZAqcumhqjkuHdCc2HZEWNkfx54Q5htBEw1t Questions? Contact the Writing Center Director, Michelle Hager ( [email protected] ). Event DetailsTarget Audience Phone Number 408-924-2308 Writing Center See Who Is Interested0 people are interested in this event Powered by the Localist Community Events Calendar © Enter your email address and password to get started: InformationInitiativesYou are accessing a machine-readable page. In order to be human-readable, please install an RSS reader. All articles published by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of the article published by MDPI, including figures and tables. For articles published under an open access Creative Common CC BY license, any part of the article may be reused without permission provided that the original article is clearly cited. For more information, please refer to https://www.mdpi.com/openaccess . Feature papers represent the most advanced research with significant potential for high impact in the field. A Feature Paper should be a substantial original Article that involves several techniques or approaches, provides an outlook for future research directions and describes possible research applications. Feature papers are submitted upon individual invitation or recommendation by the scientific editors and must receive positive feedback from the reviewers. Editor’s Choice articles are based on recommendations by the scientific editors of MDPI journals from around the world. Editors select a small number of articles recently published in the journal that they believe will be particularly interesting to readers, or important in the respective research area. The aim is to provide a snapshot of some of the most exciting work published in the various research areas of the journal. Original Submission Date Received: . - Active Journals
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Find support for a specific problem in the support section of our website. Please let us know what you think of our products and services. Visit our dedicated information section to learn more about MDPI. JSmol ViewerStrengthening akis for sustainable agricultural features: insights and innovations from the european unio: a literature review. 1. Introduction2. materials and methods, 2.1. data collection procedure, 2.2. identification criteria, 2.3. screening and selection criteria, 2.4. eligibility and inclusion criteria. - The studies that were carried out or considered the 28 countries in the European Union (including the United Kingdom until 2019 and excluding Romania).
- Studies published in the English Language.
- Studies that were published within the past 11 years (the review covers the period from 2014 to 2024, a period in which the two previous Programming Periods of the Common Agricultural Policy were implemented).
- Studies covering the inclusion of a transparent description of the process of data acquisition and interpretation.
- Studies covering a primary or secondary class investigation on the subject matter.
- Studies showcasing the effects of AKISs and FASs on agricultural knowledge advancement.
- Studies published in a non-English language.
- Studies carried out outside the EU.
- Studies with unclear methodology of data collection and analysis.
- Studies lacking author names and affiliation.
- Studies not covering both the main issues of this review (i.e., AKIS and FAS).
4. Discussion4.1. akis and fas in the foreground through the new cap, 4.2. improving the effectiveness of an akis, 5. conclusions, author contributions, institutional review board statement, data availability statement, conflicts of interest. - Kuiper, D.; Roling, N.G. Proceedings of the European Seminar on Knowledge Management and Information Technology ; Wageningen Agricultural University: Wageningen, The Netherlands, 1991; pp. 8–20. [ Google Scholar ]
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- Amerani, E.; Michailidis, A. The Agricultural Knowledge and Innovation System (AKIS) in a Changing Environment in Greece. In Proceedings of the 17th International Conference of the Hellenic Association of Agricultural Economists, Thessaloniki, Greece, 2–3 November 2023. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
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- Charatsari, C.; Michailidis, A.; Francescone, M.; De Rosa, M.; Aidonis, D.; Bartoli, L.; La Rocca, G.; Camanzi, L.; Lioutas, E.D. Do Agricultural Knowledge and Innovation Systems Have the Dynamic Capabilities to Guide the Digital Transition of Short Food Supply Chains? Information 2024 , 15 , 22. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
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- Sturel, S. AKIS and Advisory Services in France. Report for the AKIS Inventory (Task 1.2) of the i2connect Project. i2connect INTERACTIVE INNOVATION 2021. Available online: https://i2connect-h2020.eu/resources/akis-country-reports/ (accessed on 30 January 2024).
- Enfedaque Diaz, L.; Jimenez Gonzalez, A.; Pures Pato, M.A. AKIS and advisory services in Spain. Report for the AKIS inventory (Task 1.2) of the i2connect Project. i2connect INTERACTIVE INNOVATION 2020. Available online: https://i2connect-h2020.eu/resources/akis-country-reports/ (accessed on 5 February 2024).
- Almeida, R.; Viveiros, F. AKIS and Advisory Services in Portugal. Report for the AKIS Inventory (Task 1.2) of the i2connect Project. i2connect INTERACTIVE INNOVATION 2020. Available online: https://i2connect-h2020.eu/resources/akis-country-reports/ (accessed on 3 February 2024).
- Birke, F.; Bae, S.; Schober Gerster-Bentaya, M.; Knierim, A.; Asensio, P.; Kolbeck, M.; Ketelhodt, C. AKIS and Advisory Services in Germany. Report for the AKIS Inventory (Task 1.2) of the i2connect Project. i2connect INTERACTIVE INNOVATION 2021. Available online: https://i2connect-h2020.eu/resources/akis-country-reports/ (accessed on 30 January 2024).
- Jelakovic, K. AKIS and Advisory Services in Croatia. Report for the AKIS Inventory (Task 1.2) of the i2connect Project. i2connect INTERACTIVE INNOVATION 2021. Available online: https://i2connect-h2020.eu/resources/akis-country-reports/ (accessed on 28 January 2024).
- Stankovic, S. AKIS and Advisory Services in Serbia. Report for the AKIS Inventory (Task 1.2) of the i2connect Project. i2connect INTERACTIVE INNOVATION 2020. Available online: https://i2connect-h2020.eu/resources/akis-country-reports/ (accessed on 4 February 2024).
- Hrovatic, I. AKIS and Advisory Services in Slovenia. Report for the AKIS Inventory (Task 1.2) of the i2connect Project. i2connect INTERACTIVE INNOVATION 2020. Available online: https://i2connect-h2020.eu/resources/akis-country-reports/ (accessed on 4 February 2024).
- Bachev, H. Governance of Agricultural Knowledge and Innovation System (AKIS) in Bulgaria. SSRN Electron. J. 2022 . [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
- Koutsouris, A.; Zarokosta, E.; Kanaki, V. AKIS and Advisory Services in Cyprus. Report for the AKIS inventory (Task 1.2) of the i2connect Project. i2connect INTERACTIVE INNOVATION 2020. Available online: https://i2connect-h2020.eu/resources/akis-country-reports/ (accessed on 28 January 2024).
- Knierim, A.; Kernecker, M.; Erdle, K.; Kraus, T.; Borges, F.; Wurbs, A. Smart farming technology innovations—Insights and reflections from the German Smart-AKIS hub. NJAS Wagening. J. Life Sci. 2019 , 90–91 , 1–10. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
- Koutsouris, A.; Zarokosta, E.; Pappa, E.; Kanaki, V. AKIS and Advisory Services in Greece. Report for the AKIS Inventory (Task 1.2) of the i2connect Project. i2connect INTERACTIVE INNOVATION 2020. Available online: https://i2connect-h2020.eu/resources/akis-country-reports/ (accessed on 30 January 2024).
- Coquil, X.; Cerf, M.; Auricoste, C.; Joannon, A.; Barcellini, F.; Cayre, P.; Chizallet, M.; Dedieu, B.; Hostiou, N.; Hellec, F.; et al. Questioning the work of farmers, advisors, teachers and researchers in agro-ecological transition. A review. Agron. Sustain. Dev. 2018 , 38 , 47. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
- Lybaert, C.; Debruyne, L. AKIS and Advisory Services in Belgium. Report for the AKIS Inventory (Task 1.2) of the i2connect Project. i2connect INTERACTIVE INNOVATION 2020. Available online: https://i2connect-h2020.eu/resources/akis-country-reports/ (accessed on 27 January 2024).
- Dortmans, E.; Van Geel, D.; Van der Velde, S. AKIS and Advisory Services in Netherlands. Report for the AKIS Inventory (Task 1.2) of the i2connect Project. i2connect INTERACTIVE INNOVATION 2020. Available online: https://i2connect-h2020.eu/resources/akis-country-reports/ (accessed on 2 February 2024).
- Gaborne, J.A.; Varga, Z.; Ver, A. AKIS and Advisory Services in Hungary. Report for the AKIS inventory (Task 1.2) of the i2connect Project. i2connect INTERACTIVE INNOVATION 2020. Available online: https://i2connect-h2020.eu/resources/akis-country-reports/ (accessed on 31 January 2024).
- de Foliveira, M.; Gomes da Silva, F.; Ferreira, S.; Teixeira, M.; Damαsio, H.; Ferreira, A.D.; Gonηalves, J.M. Innovations in Sustainable Agriculture: Case Study of Lis Valley Irrigation District, Portugal. Sustainability 2019 , 11 , 331. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
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- Cristiano, S.; Carta, V.; Sturla, V.; D’Oronzio, M.A.; Proietti, P. AKIS and Advisory Services in Italy. Report for the AKIS Inventory (Task 1.2) of the i2connect Project. i2connect INTERACTIVE INNOVATION 2020. Available online: https://i2connect-h2020.eu/resources/akis-country-reports/ (accessed on 31 January 2024).
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- Dzelme, A.; Zurins, K. AKIS and Advisory Services in Latvia. Report for the AKIS inventory (Task 1.2) of the i2connect Project. i2connect INTERACTIVE INNOVATION 2021. Available online: https://i2connect-h2020.eu/resources/akis-country-reports/ (accessed on 1 February 2024).
- Matuseviciute, E.; Petraitis, R.; Sakickiene, A.; Titiskyte, L.; Urbanaviciene, S. AKIS and Advisory Services in Lithuania. Report for the AKIS Inventory (Task 1.2) of the i2connect Project. i2connect INTERACTIVE INNOVATION 2021. Available online: https://i2connect-h2020.eu/resources/akis-country-reports/ (accessed on 1 February 2024).
- Zimmer, S.; Stoll, E.; Leimbrock-Rosch, L. AKIS and Advisory Services in Luxembourg. Report for the AKIS Inventory (Task 1.2) of the i2connect Project. i2connect INTERACTIVE INNOVATION 2020. Available online: https://i2connect-h2020.eu/resources/akis-country-reports/ (accessed on 1 February 2024).
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- Knierim, A.; Boenning, K.; Caggiano, M.; Cristσvγo, A.; Dirimanova, V.; Koehnen, T.; Labarthe, P.; Prager, K. The AKIS Concept and its Relevance in Selected EU Member States. Outlook Agric. 2015 , 44 , 29–36. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
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Click here to enlarge figure Article ID | Country | Factor(s) Investigated | Key Results Obtained | Suggested Improvements |
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[ ] Kiraly et al. (2023). | European Union countries | Assessing the behavior of European farmers, foresters and advisors regarding the frequency of searching for information on digital transformation using the EU Farmbook application. | | | [ ] Ingram and Mills (2019). | European countries | Advisory services regarding sustainable soil management. | | | [ ] Laurent et al. (2021). | Southwestern France | Evaluation of the processes by which farmers combine different sources of agricultural advice (micro-AKIS) for three types of innovation. | | | [ ] Madureira et al. (2022). | Europe | The role of farm consultancy in agricultural innovation in relation to the microAKIS. | | | [ ] Amerani et Michailidis (2023). | Greece | Evaluation of the contribution of the Greek AKIS and its adaptation to modern requirements of Greek agriculture | | | [ ] Kiljunen et Jaakkola (2020). | Finland | AKIS and the Farm Advisory System in Finland. | | | [ ] Charatsari et al. (2023). | Greece, Italy | Investigation of the possibility of AKIS actors to develop dynamic capacities during the supply process of the food chain. | | | [ ] Masi et al. (2022). | Italy | Evaluation of precision agriculture tools as an innovation and the variables that facilitate or hinder their implementation in agricultural practice. | | | [ ] Nordlund and Norrby (2021). | Sweden | Detailed description of the Swedish agricultural advisory services. | | | [ ] Sturel (2021). | France | French AKIS and Farm Advisory System combined with the promotion of interactive innovation to support the transition in agriculture and forestry. | | | [ ] Enfedaque Diaz et al. (2020). | Spain | AKIS and Advisory Services in Spain. | | | [ ] Almeida et Viveiros (2020). | Portugal | Report of the AKIS in Portugal, with an emphasis on agricultural advisory services. | | | [ ] Birke et al. (2021). | Germany | Overview of the AKIS and the Forestry Knowledge and Innovation System (FKIS) in Germany. | | | [ ] Jelakovic (2021). | Croatia | Overview of the Croatian AKIS. | | | [ ] Stankovic (2020). | Serbia | Report of the Serbian AKIS and FAS. | | | [ ] Hrovatic (2020). | Slovenia | Description of the Slovenian AKIS and FAS. | | | [ ] Bachev (2022). | Bulgaria | Analyzing Governance, Efficiency and Development of the AKIS. | | | [ ] Koutsouris et al. (2020). | Cyprus | Comprehensive overview of the Cyprus AKIS and the Agricultural Advisory System. | | | [ ] Knierim et al. (2019). | Germany | Smart Farming Technologies (SFT) and their degree of perception by farmers. | | | [ ] Koutsouris et al. (2020) | Greece | AKIS and agricultural advisory services in Greece. | | | [ ] Coquil et al. (2018). | France | The transformations of farmers and AKIS actors’ work during agroecological transitions. | | | [ ] Lybaert et Debruyne (2020). | Belgium | Overview of the Belgian AKIS, focusing on agricultural advisory services. | | | [ ] Dortmans et al. (2020). | Netherlands | Insight into the Dutch AKIS actors and factors that play a role in the system. | | | [ ] Gaborne et al. (2020). | Hungary | The general characteristics of the Hungarian agricultural and forestry sector and AKIS, as well as the historical development of the advisory system. | | | [ ] Oliveira et al. (2019). | Portugal | The Portuguese irrigation system of the Lis Valley, within the framework of the EIP AGRI Program of the European Union. | | | [ ] Mirra et al. (2020). | Campania region, Italy | Analysis of the implementation of an experimental AKIS model through the RDP. | | | [ ] Cristiano et al. (2020). | Italy | An overview of the Italian AKIS and the local Farm Advisory Services (FASs). | | | [ ] Todorova (2021). | Bulgaria | A comprehensive description of the Bulgarian AKIS and FAS. | | | [ ] Dzelme et Zurins (2021). | Latvia | A description of the AKIS in Latvia and brief outlook of the Forestry AKIS (FKIS). | | | [ ] Matuseviciute et al. (2021). | Lithuania | AKIS and FAS in Lithuania. A detailed report. | | | [ ] Zimmer et al. (2020). | Luxembourg | Description of the AKIS in Luxembourg. | | | [ ] Giagnocavo et al. (2022). | Spain | The reconnection of the farm production system with nature, especially where the production procedure is embedded in less sustainable conventional or dominant regimes and landscapes. | | | [ ] Klitgaard (2019). | Denmark | A comprehensive description of the AKIS and FAS in Denmark. | | | [ ] Cristiano et al. (2020). | Malta | Description of the AKIS with a focus in the FAS in the Republic of Malta. | | | [ ] Knierim et al. (2015) | Belgium, France, Ireland, Germany, Portugal and the UK | The AKIS concept in selected EU member states. | | | [ ] Terziev and Arabska (2015). | Bulgaria | Quality assurance and sustainable development in the agri-food sector. | | | [ ] Konecna (2020). | Czech Republic | A comprehensive description of theAKIS in the Czech Republic, with a particular focus on farm and forestry advisory services. | | | [ ] Kasdorferova et al. (2020). | Slovak Republic | Description of the AKIS and FAS in Slovak Republic. | | | [ ] Boczek et al. (2020). | Poland | An overview of the AKIS and FKIS, as well as the FAS in Poland. | | | [ ] Ingram et al. (2022). | Europe countries | Evaluation of the advisory services of European countries in the context of sustainable soil management. | | | [ ] Herzog et Neubauer (2020). | Austria | Evaluation of the Austrian AKIS. | | | [ ] Banninger (2021). | Switzerland | Description of the Swiss AKIS and advisory services. | | | [ ] Maher (2020). | Republic of Ireland | Description of the Irish AKIS, with an emphasis on methods of knowledge dissemination and innovation. | | | [ ] Dunne et al. (2019). | Laois county, Republic of Ireland | Evaluating the interaction characteristics of public and private Farm Advisory Services in County Laois, Ireland. | | | [ ] Knuth and Knierim (2014). | Germany | Scientific bodies and providers of agricultural advisory services: finding ways to strengthen their relationship. | | | [ ] Konecna (2018). | Czach Republic | Evaluation of the Institute of Agricultural Economy and Information (IAEI) regarding its innovation potential. | | | [ ] Hermans et al. (2019). | England, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, the Netherlands, Switzerland | Effect of AKIS structural factors of eight European countries on cooperative schemes or social learning in innovation networks. | | | [ ] Klerkx et al. (2017). | Norway | Challenges for advisory services in serving various types of farmers seeking and acquiring farm business advice. | | | [ ] Tamsalu (2021). | Estonia | Presentation of the AKIS in Estonia. | | | [ ] Kania and Zmija (2016). | Poland | How cooperation between AKIS stakeholders is assessed from the standpoint of the 16 provincial Agricultural Advisory Centers (ODRs). | | | | The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. |
Share and CiteKountios, G.; Kanakaris, S.; Moulogianni, C.; Bournaris, T. Strengthening AKIS for Sustainable Agricultural Features: Insights and Innovations from the European Unio: A Literature Review. Sustainability 2024 , 16 , 7068. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16167068 Kountios G, Kanakaris S, Moulogianni C, Bournaris T. Strengthening AKIS for Sustainable Agricultural Features: Insights and Innovations from the European Unio: A Literature Review. Sustainability . 2024; 16(16):7068. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16167068 Kountios, Georgios, Spyridon Kanakaris, Christina Moulogianni, and Thomas Bournaris. 2024. "Strengthening AKIS for Sustainable Agricultural Features: Insights and Innovations from the European Unio: A Literature Review" Sustainability 16, no. 16: 7068. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16167068 Article MetricsArticle access statistics, further information, mdpi initiatives, follow mdpi. Subscribe to receive issue release notifications and newsletters from MDPI journals |
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A literature review is a survey of scholarly knowledge on a topic. Our guide with examples, video, and templates can help you write yours.
How to Write a Literature Review A self-guided tutorial that walks you through the process of conducting a Literature Review.
Interactive learning module that guides you through the process of identifying, evaluating, and using scholarly information to research and write a literature review.
Once you have identified gaps in the literature, the next step is to formulate a research question that addresses these gaps. This involves synthesizing your findings from the literature review and aligning them with your research objectives. A well-formulated research question should be specific, focused, and feasible.
How to Conduct a Literature Review (Health Sciences and Beyond) Overview of how to get started writing a health sciences literature review.
You need to follow the below-mentioned steps, to write a literature review: 1. Outline and identify the purpose of a literature review. As a first step on how to write a literature review, you must know what the research question or topic is and what shape you want your literature review to take.
Learn how to write a literature review in three straightforward steps. Includes free literature review templates and resources.
You can meet with a librarian to talk about your literature review, or other library-related topics. Identify the question In some cases, such as for a course assignment or a research project you're working on with a faculty mentor, your research question will be determined by your professor.
A literature review is a comprehensive analysis of existing research on a topic, identifying trends, gaps, and insights to inform new scholarly contributions. Read this comprehensive article to learn how to write a literature review, with examples.
Formulating a research question Clarifying the review question leads to specifying what type of studies can best address that question and setting out criteria for including such studies in the review. This is often called inclusion criteria or eligibility criteria. The criteria could relate to the review topic, the research methods of the studies, specific populations, settings, date limits ...
What is a literature review? A literature review is an integrated analysis -- not just a summary-- of scholarly writings and other relevant evidence related directly to your research question. That is, it represents a synthesis of the evidence that provides background information on your topic and shows a association between the evidence and your research question.
You may need to find answers to background questions (i.e. about general knowledge) before forming a research question. Learn more about how to develop research topics into a researchable question.
Where, when, and why would I write a lit review? There are a number of different situations where you might write a literature review, each with slightly different expectations; different disciplines, too, have field-specific expectations for what a literature review is and does. For instance, in the humanities, authors might include more overt argumentation and interpretation of source ...
Formulate your question Formulating a clear, well-defined, relevant and answerable research question is essential to finding the best evidence for your topic. On this page we outline the approaches to developing a research question that can be used as the basis for a review.
Reviewing the literature requires the ability to juggle multiple tasks, from finding and evaluating relevant material to synthesising information from various sources, from critical thinking to paraphrasing, evaluating, and citation skills [7]. In this contribution, I share ten simple rules I learned working on about 25 literature reviews as a PhD and postdoctoral student. Ideas and insights ...
The research question will guide the development of your search strategy so it's important that you take time to do some testing of your proposed question. Having done the preliminary scoping searches as noted above will be helpful in understanding the volume of the literature. This guide will provide a sample search for a health/medical topic ...
What is a literature review? A literature review is a summary of the published work in a field of study. This can be a section of a larger paper or article, or can be the focus of an entire paper. Literature reviews show that you have examined the breadth of knowledge and can justify your thesis or research questions. They are also valuable tools for other researchers who need to find a ...
Defining the research question and developing a protocol are the essential first steps in your systematic review. The success of your systematic review depends on a clear and focused question, so take the time to get it right. A framework may help you to identify the key concepts in your research question and to organise your search terms in ...
Step 1. Formulate the Research Question A systematic review is based on a pre-defined specific research question ( Cochrane Handbook, 1.1 ). The first step in a systematic review is to determine its focus - you should clearly frame the question (s) the review seeks to answer ( Cochrane Handbook, 2.1 ). It may take you a while to develop a good review question - it is an important step in your ...
Define your research question. Defining your research question is the key to beginning, so while you may be clear on the area you want to study, chances are there are some nuances that you need to think through. Part of this process may require exploratory searching in databases so that you can see what's already been published on your topic.
The literature review is more than just a list of previous research papers in the field. If you think of writing a thesis or dissertation as writing a story of your research, the literature review then will be a story within a story. In the literature review story, you tell the reader about general trends, traditions, and approaches to your subject, ones that surround and support your study.
The reasons for undertaking a literature review are numerous and include eliciting information for developing policies and evidence-based care, a step in the research process and as part of an academic assessment. To many qualified nurses and nursing students faced with undertaking a literature review the task appears daunting. Frequently-asked questions range from where to start, how to ...
Research questions are the beginning to all of your research processes. A research question provides focus to your searches and guides you in selecting the correct sources for your literature review. Either way, research questions: Must be clear and concise in order to be effective. Must consider key themes and elements of the assigned topic ...
An introduction to the Literature Review process and resources to help you get started.
The Literature Review portion of a scholarly article is usually close to the beginning. It often follows the introduction, or may be combined with the introduction.The writer may discuss his or her research question first, or may choose to explain it while surveying previous literature.. If you are lucky, there will be a section heading that includes "literature review".
Frequently asked questions about how to write a research paper; How to write a research paper in 7 steps: So you're sitting at your computer, staring at a blank document. ... Required components and length—abstract, literature review, reference list, etc. Style guide for citations and body text—MLA, APA, CMOS, AMA, or other;
As already indicated by others, a literature review should relate to your research question, so have a look what the relation is between your approach and that of others, where it differs, adds ...
How to write an abstract or literature review? How to find articles based on your research question? How to seamlessly integrate sources into your writing? The Writing Center is here to help! We have partnered with the College of Graduate Studies to help you gain the resources and skills you need to improve your writing skills as you enter into ...
The present literature review was based on the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) method, using a checklist, which is linked to a flow diagram of three phases: identification, screening and inclusion. PRISMA is an evidence-based minimum set of items for reporting in systematic reviews and meta-analyses.
Background: This scoping review accompanies our research study "The Experience of Health Professionals With Misinformation and Its Impact on Their Job Practice: Qualitative Interview Study." It surveys online health misinformation and is intended to provide an understanding of the communication context in which health professionals must operate.