essay paper mains 2023

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ESSAY QUESTION PAPER : UPSC Civil Services IAS Exam MAINS 2023

DOWNLOAD General Studies 1 QUESTION PAPER : UPSC CSE MAINS 2023

DOWNLOAD General Studies 2 QUESTION PAPER : UPSC CSE MAINS 2023

DOWNLOAD General Studies 3 QUESTION PAPER : UPSC CSE MAINS 2023

ESSAY QUESTION PAPER – UPSC Civil Services IAS Mains – 2023

DOWNLOAD ESSAY QUESTION PAPER : UPSC CSE MAINS 2023 [here]

Thinking is like a game, it does not begin unless there is an opposite team.
Visionary decision-making happens at the intersection of intuition and logic.
Not all who wander are lost.
Inspiration for creativity springs from the effort to look for the magical in the mundane.
Girls are weighed down by restrictions, boys with demands – two equally harmful disciplines.
Mathematics is the music of reason.
A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity.
Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in school.

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Essay Paper UPSC 2023 (Mains) Question Paper and Analysis

Last updated on September 27, 2023 by ClearIAS Team

UPSC conducted the Civil Service Mains exam for essay paper on 15 September 2023.

The CSE mains essay paper comprises two sections. Each section contains 4 essay topics. Out of which 2 topics of choice from each section need to be picked.

Candidates were supposed to answer about 1000-1200 words for each essay.

Table of Contents

UPSC CSE Essay Paper 2023 Instructions

General instructions mentioned on the essay paper, that need to be followed by every aspirant are provided here.

Total Marks: 250 marks, Time duration: 3 hours.
The essay must be written in the medium authorized in the admission certificate which must be stated clearly on the cover of this question-cum-answer (QCA) booklet in the space provided.
No marks will be given for answers written in a medium other than the authorized one.
Word limit, as specified, should be adhered to.
Any page or portion of the page left blank, must be struck off clearly.

Essay Question Paper: UPSC Civil Services Main Exam (Written) 2023

The question paper of the UPSC CSE mains essay paper is provided here.

Write two essays, choosing one topic from each of the following Sections A and B, in about 1000-1200 words each:

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1: Thinking is like a game, it does not begin unless there is an opposite team.

2: Visionary decision-making happens at the intersection of intuition and logic.

3: Not all who wander are lost.

4: Inspiration for creativity springs from the effort to look for the magical in the mundane.

5: Girls are weighed down by restrictions, boys with demands- two equally harmful disciplines.

6: Mathematics is the music of reasons.

7: A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity.

8: Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in school.

UPSC Mains Essay Paper 2023: Exam Analysis

The essay topics for the UPSC Civil Services Main Exam in 2023 were intellectually demanding and philosophical in nature.

They required candidates to engage in deep critical thinking and present their thoughts logically.

All the questions in this year’s paper aimed at assessing the candidates’ ability to handle abstract concepts and express their ideas effectively in a structured manner.

This year’s essay topics look like that UPSC has taken inspiration from a wide range of sources, including philosophical and literary works.

Thinking is like a game, it does not begin unless there is an opposite team

This topic seems to revolve around the idea that critical thinking often emerges in response to opposing viewpoints or challenges.

Candidates may have been asked to explore how the clash of ideas leads to innovation and progress.

Visionary decision-making happens at the intersection of intuition and logic.

This famous saying belongs to Paul O’Brien.

This statement likely prompted candidates to discuss the balance between intuition and rationality in making important decisions.

It encourages a reflection on the role of both factors in effective leadership and problem-solving

Not all who wander are lost

This saying belongs to J.R.R. Tolkien, The Fellowship of the Ring.

The topic expected from candidates to think about how exploring and being spontaneous in life’s journey can be really good.

It’s a deep topic that can be understood in many different ways.

Inspiration for creativity springs from the effort to look for the magical in the mundane

This essay topic appears to emphasize the idea that creativity is not limited to rare moments of inspiration but can be found in everyday experiences.

It probably asked people to think about where creativity comes from and how we can express it in our daily lives.

Girls are weighed down by restrictions, boys with demands- two equally harmful disciplines

This is the saying of Simone de Beauvoir

Simone de Beauvoir was a prominent French existentialist philosopher and feminist thinker. She made significant contributions to feminist philosophy through her work, including “The Second Sex,” where she discussed the concept of “The Other” and examined the role of societal expectations in shaping women’s lives.

The quote by Simone de Beauvoir presented the idea that both girls and boys or individuals of different genders, often face distinct but equally harmful forms of societal pressures and constraints.

It suggests that expectations placed on girls (referred to as “restrictions”) and boys (referred to as “demands”) can be damaging and limit their potential.

Mathematics is the music of reasons

The complete saying of James Joseph Sylvester is that mathematics is the music of reason. May not music be described as the mathematics of the sense, mathematics as music of the reason? The musician feels mathematics, the mathematician thinks music: music the dream, mathematics the working life.”

This statement suggests a poetic connection between mathematics and music. Candidates likely had to discuss the beauty and logic inherent in mathematics and its role in shaping our understanding of the world.

A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity

This topic seems to touch upon the ideas of social justice and charity, which have been discussed by philosophers like John Rawls and the concept of the “veil of ignorance.”

Candidates may have been asked to explore the relationship between justice, equality, and philanthropy in society.

Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in school

Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in school – Albert Einstein .

This essay topic likely demands from candidates to reflect on the value of education beyond rote memorization.

It may have expect discussion on the practical application of knowledge and lifelong learning.

What Should Aspirants Preparing for UPSC CSE for Next Year do for an essay paper?

Taking the essay paper in the UPSC exam seriously is important. This paper requires you to write 10-12 pages about abstract or philosophical topics, which can be challenging if you’re not well-prepared.

To succeed in this exam and perform well in the essay paper, you should work on improving your comprehension and analytical skills. To get additional guidance you can join the ClearIAS essay writing program as well.

One helpful way to prepare is by reading various types of essays, especially philosophical ones. Pay special attention to the ideas of famous philosophers like Immanuel Kant, Thomas Aquinas, John Locke, Friedrich Nietzsche, Karl Marx, and others.

Practice writing essays based on famous quotes, as this is a common format in UPSC exams.

Additionally, be ready to write essays on a wide range of topics, including society, politics, the economy, and technology. UPSC asks such types of questions too.

Keep in mind that there isn’t a fixed pattern for UPSC questions. Analyze previous year’s question papers to get valuable insight. So, focus on understanding the way UPSC frames questions rather than expecting a consistent trend.

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UPSC Essay Paper 2023, Download PDF

Upsc mains 2023 essay question paper: the union public service commission (upsc) mains exam started today, september 15, 2023, at 24 centres across the country. check and download the mains essay question paper pdf from this article..

UPSC Essay Paper 2023

Download UPSC IAS Essay Question Paper 2023 PDF

Topics Asked in the IAS Mains Essay Paper

The UPSC IAS Essay question consists of two sections where questions from 4 topics were asked in each section. Candidates need to write an essay of 1000-1200 words on 1 topic of their choice from the section

Thinking is like a game, it does not begin unless there is an opposite team
Visionary decision-making at the intersection of intuition and logic
Not all who wander are lost
Inspiration for creativity springs from the effort to look for the magical in the mundane
Girls are weighed down by restrictions, boys with demands - two equally harmful disciplines
Mathematics is the music of reason
A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity
Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in school

UPSC IAS Mains Exam Dates

For more details click here

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General Studies

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UPSC Mains Question Paper 2023

by Vajiram & Ravi

Model Answers GS Paper I PDF

Model Answers GS Paper II PDF

Model Answers GS Paper III PDF

Model Answers GS Paper IV PDF

The UPSC Mains Question Paper 2023 will help you understand the exam pattern being followed by UPSC in this year. The exam dates for the UPSC CSE Mains are 15th, 16th, 17th, 23rd and 24th September 2023. The examination was conducted in two shifts: the first shift is from 9.00 a.m. - 12.00 p.m., and the second shift is from 2.00 p.m. -5.00 p.m . The pattern of the UPSC Mains 2023 question paper consists of a comprehensive assessment designed to evaluate the knowledge, analytical abilities, and writing skills of aspirants for various civil services positions in India. There are 9 papers in total, and all are descriptive in nature.

Analysing the UPSC Mains 2023 paper will help you analyse the pattern of questions and fill in the gaps in your preparation for UPSC 2024 . Therefore, this article will focus on providing UPSC Mains Question Papers 2023 for all 9 papers that are taking place from 15th to 24th September 2023.

UPSC Mains 2023 Question Paper PDF

The UPSC Mains Question Paper consists of a set of nine papers, out of which two are qualifying in nature, namely the English Language Paper and an Indian Language Paper (selected by the candidate). The remaining seven papers are counted for merit, covering a wide spectrum of subjects, including General Studies, Essay, and optional subjects selected by the candidates. These papers are designed to evaluate a candidate's in-depth understanding of various subjects, critical thinking ability, analytical skills, and ability to articulate thoughts clearly.

Here, you can download the UPSC Mains Question Paper 2023 PDF of GS Paper- I, II, III and IV consisting of the General Studies subjects part of the UPSC Syllabus . Each Paper carries 250 Marks.

General Studies I (Indian Heritage and Culture, History and Geography of the World and Society)
General Studies II (Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice, and International Relations)
General Studies III (Technology, Economic Development, Biodiversity, Environment, Security and Disaster Management)
General Studies IV (Ethics, Integrity, and Aptitude)

You can download the UPSC Mains Question Paper 2023 of General Studies - I, II, III, and IV from the given link below:

GS Paper I Mains Question Paper 2023
GS Paper II Mains Question Paper 2023
GS Paper III Mains Question Paper 2023
GS Paper IV Mains Question Paper 2023

Model Answers of UPSC Mains 2023 General Studies Questions

Those who have taken the UPSC Mains 2023 exam from 15th to 24th September or those who are planning to appear next year can download the model answers of UPSC Mains question papers of GS I, II, III, and IV from the following links. These answers will help you identify the structure and important points that could be included in the answers.

GS Paper 1:

Question 1: Explain the role of Geographical Factors towards the development of Ancient India .
Question 2: What was the difference between Mahatma Gandhi and Rabindranath Tagore in their approach towards education and nationalism?
Question 3: Bring about the Socio-Economic Effects of the Introduction of Railways in Different Countries of the World.
Question 4: Discuss the Consequences of Climate Change on the Food Security in Tropical Countries.
Question 5: Why is the world today confronted with a crisis of availability of and access to freshwater resources?
Question 6: How are the fjords formed? Why do they constitute some of the most picturesque areas of the world?
Question 8: Do you think marriage as a sacrament is losing its value in modern India?
Question 9: Explain why suicide among young women is increasing in Indian society.

GS Paper 2:

Question 1: "Constitutionally guaranteed judicial independence is a prerequisite of democracy”. Comment.
Question 2: Who are entitled to receive free legal aid? Assess the role of the National Legal Services Authority (NALSA) in rendering free legal aid in India.
Question 3: “The states in India seem reluctant to empower urban local bodies both functionally as well as financially.” Comment.
Question 4: Compare and Contrast the British and Indian approaches to Parliamentary Sovereignty.
Question 5: Discuss the role of Presiding Officers of state legislatures in maintaining order and impartiality in conducting legislative work and in facilitating best democratic practices.

GS Paper 3:

Question 1: Faster economic growth requires increased share of the manufacturing sector in GDP, particularly of MSMEs. Comment on the present policies of the Government in this regard.
Question 2: What is the status of digitalization in the Indian economy? Examine the problems faced in this regard and suggest improvements.
Question 3: How does e-Technology help farmers in production and marketing of agricultural produce? Explain it.
Question 4: State the objectives and measures of land reforms in India. Discuss how land ceiling policy on landholding can be considered as an effective reform under economic criteria.
Question 5: Introduce the concept of Artificial Intelligence (AI). How does AI help clinical diagnosis? Do you perceive any threat to privacy of the individual in the use of AI in the healthcare?
Question 6: Discuss several ways in which microorganisms can help in meeting the current fuel shortage.

GS Paper 4:

Differentiate ‘moral intuition’ from ‘moral reasoning with suitable examples.
What were the major teachings of Guru Nanak? Explain their relevance in the contemporary world.
Explain the term social capital. How does it enhance good governance?

UPSC Mains Essay Paper 2023

The UPSC Mains Essay paper 2023 consists of two sections, Section A and Section B. Each section has four essay topics. Aspirants must choose one topic from each section for a total of two essays. Each essay must be between 1,000 and 1,200 words long and is worth 125 marks. The Essay paper is not just for qualifying purposes but also counts towards the final merit ranking. Candidates are expected to stay on topic, organise their thoughts logically, and write concisely.

The UPSC Mains Essay Paper 2023 can be downloaded here.

UPSC CSE Mains 2023 Essay Question Paper PDF

UPSC Mains Question Paper 2023 Language Papers

The UPSC Mains exam has nine papers, of which Paper A is the mandatory Indian Language Paper. Candidates must select an Indian language from a list given by the UPSC in the official notification.

Paper B is the required English Language Paper. It is a qualifying paper, meaning that candidates must score at least 25% marks in order to be considered for the final merit list.

The UPSC Mains question papers for Indian language and English language can be downloaded from the following links:

Paper A: Indian Language Mains Question Paper 2023 (Hindi)
Paper B: English Language Question Paper 2023

UPSC Mains Optional Question Papers

The UPSC Mains Exam has a list of 48 optional subjects from which aspirants must choose one. Each optional subject is divided into two papers, each of which carries 250 marks. The choice of an optional subject is an important factor in determining the candidate's rank in the final merit list, so it should be made carefully. The UPSC Mains 2023 question paper of optional subjects can be downloaded from the following links:


Anthropology
Botany
Chemistry
Civil Engineering
Commerce and Accountancy
Economics
Electrical Engineering
Geography
Geology
History
Law
Management
Mathematics
Mechanical Engineering
Medical Science
Philosophy
Physics
Political Science and IR
Psychology
Public Administration

Pattern of UPSC Mains 2023 Paper

To know about the exam pattern and the release dates of UPSC Mains 2023 question papers, refer to the following table:


Paper A: Compulsory Indian Language	Qualifying	23rd September 2023	300 (Qualifying)
Paper B: English	Qualifying	23rd September 2023	300 (Qualifying)
Essay Paper	Merit	15 September 2023	250
General Studies Paper I (GS-I)	Merit	16th September 2023	250
General Studies Paper II (GS-II)	Merit	16th September 2023	250
General Studies Paper III (GS-III)	Merit	17th September 2023	250
General Studies Paper IV (GS-IV)	Merit	17th September 2023	250
Optional Subject Paper I	Merit	24th September 2023	250
Optional Subject Paper II	Merit	24th September 2023	250

Is UPSC Mains Question Paper 2023 released?

The UPSC Mains Question Paper 2023 has not been released on the Official UPSC Website yet. However, you can download the Mains Question Paper 2023 from our given page after the paper has been successfully concluded on the given day.

How many papers are there in UPSC Mains?

There are a total of 9 papers for UPSC Mains 2023. Each paper is descriptive in nature.

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Essay Question Paper (Analysis & Solutions) – UPSC Civil Services Mains 2023

This topic of “Essay Question Paper (Analysis & Solutions) – UPSC Civil Services Mains 2023” is important from the perspective of the UPSC IAS Examination , which falls under General Studies Portion.

Write two essays, choosing one topic from each of the following Sections A and B, in about 1000 – 1200 words each: (125×2=250 marks)

(Click the links to read the solutions)

Thinking is like a game, it does not begin unless there is an opposite team.
Visionary deci sion-making happens at the intersection of intuition and logic.
Not all who wander are lost.
Inspiration for creativity springs from the effort to look for the magical in the mundane .
Girls are weighed down by restrictions, boys with demands – two equally harmful disciplines.
Mathematics is the music of reason.
A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity.
Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in school.

Express Learning Programme (ELP)

Optional Notes
Study Hacks
Prelims Sureshots (Repeated Topic Compilations)
Current Affairs (Newsbits, Editorials & In-depths)
Ancient Indian History
Medieval Indian History
Modern Indian History
Post-Independence Indian History
World History
Art & Culture
Geography (World & Indian)
Indian Society & Social Justice
Indian Polity
International Relations
Indian Economy
Environment
Agriculture
Internal Security
Disasters & its Management
General Science – Biology
General Studies (GS) 4 – Ethics
Syllabus-wise learning
Political Science
Anthropology
Public Administration

Analysis & Approach

Each question in the essay paper reflects a different dimension of thinking, and the aspirant is expected to demonstrate their analytical skills, coherence in arguments, and proficiency in language while addressing these questions.

Analysis: This topic seems to delve into the dialectical nature of thought. It could be interpreted that for any idea or thought to be truly explored or expanded upon, there must be an opposing or challenging force. This could relate to the Hegelian dialectic (thesis-antithesis-synthesis) or even the fundamental nature of debates.
Approach: A candidate can start by illustrating the importance of opposition in any form of critical thinking or decision-making. Real-world examples like scientific debates, democratic procedures, and the role of a loyal opposition in a parliament can be cited.
Analysis: Visionary decisions are those that shape the future, and they strike a balance between intuition (which is often based on subconscious processing) and logic (structured reasoning).
Approach: Candidates can discuss examples of visionary leaders and their decisions. For instance, Steve Jobs’ intuition in product design combined with logical market analysis, or Mahatma Gandhi ’s intuition about non-violence and its logical implications in the Indian freedom struggle.
Analysis: This statement, borrowed from J.R.R. Tolkien’s work, implies that not all who seem directionless are without purpose; sometimes, wandering can be a form of discovery.
Approach: This can be addressed by discussing the importance of exploration, serendipity in scientific discoveries, or even the self-exploratory journey that many individuals undertake in life.
Analysis: This implies that true creativity often arises from observing and interpreting everyday life in unique ways.
Approach: Real-life examples of artists, writers, and scientists who drew inspiration from everyday occurrences can be highlighted. Picasso’s simplistic drawings or Archimedes’ Eureka moment in his bathtub, for instance.
Analysis: This topic brings out the gender disparities and societal norms and expectations imposed upon individuals based on their gender.
Approach: It’s crucial to address both sides of the coin, discussing how gender norms restrict the potential and well-being of both girls and boys. Comparisons of societal expectations, real-life anecdotes, and data-driven evidence on gender disparities can be effective.
Analysis: The quote explores the harmony, structure, and beauty in mathematics similar to the rhythm and patterns in music.
Approach: Discussing the inherent order and logic in mathematics, and drawing parallels with musical structures can be a starting point. Mentioning mathematicians who were also musicians or vice versa might add value.
Analysis: This touches upon the idea that if a society is just, equitable, and provides opportunities for all, then the need for charity diminishes as fewer people would be in a position of deprivation.
Approach: Highlighting the correlation between justice and social welfare, discussing models of developed nations, and contrasting them with societies where charity becomes a band-aid solution for deeper systemic issues can be effective.
Analysis: This topic delves into the difference between rote learning and true education – the values, critical thinking skills, and character that endure beyond mere facts.
Approach: Drawing a distinction between learning for exams and learning for life, discussing the role of education in character building, and bringing in philosophical views on education would be insightful.

For all the essays, it’s essential to remember to structure the arguments coherently, provide relevant examples, and ensure a holistic view is presented. Best of luck to all the aspirants!

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UPSC Mains: Syllabus, Question Papers, Mock Tests, Art of Answer Writing

Mains GS Papers Topicwise from 2013-2023
Mrunal’s Model Answers for UPSC GSM-2020 Paper

Mains GS Paper1: History, Social Science, Geography

Mains gs paper2: polity, governance,international relation, mains gs paper3: economy, environment, sci-tech, internal security, mains gs paper4: ethics, integrity, attitude, mains gs and essay papers topicwise from 2013-2022.

[Download] UPSC Mains Essay Paper, Including Topicwise last 30 YEARS Essay Question Papers (1993-2023) with booklist, strategy!
[Download] Topicwise UPSC Mains General Studies Paper-1 (GSM1): History, Geography, Social Science
[Download] Topicwise UPSC Mains General Studies Paper-2 (GSM2): Polity, Welfare, Governance, International Relations (IR) since new Syllabus of 2013-2023
[Download] Topicwise UPSC Mains General Studies Paper-3 (GSM3): Economy, Agriculture, Disaster Management, EIA, Science, Internal Security since new Syllabus of (2013-2023)
[Download] UPSC Mains General Studies Paper-4 (GSM4) Topicwise Ethics, Integrity & Aptitude – All Papers (2013-2023)
Indian culture covers the salient features of Literature, Art Forms, and Architecture from ancient to modern times.
Modern Indian history include the significant events, personalities, issues during the middle of the eighteenth century until the present
Various stages and important contributors and contributions from different parts of the country in ‘The Freedom Struggle’
Post-independence consolidation and reorganization within the country
History of the world includes events, forms and effect on the society from 18th century like world wars, industrial revolution, colonization, redrawal of national boundaries, decolonization, political philosophies like communism, capitalism, socialism etc
Salient aspects of Diversity of India and Indian Society
Role of women and women’s organization, population and associated issues, poverty and developmental issues, urbanization, their problems and remedies
Social empowerment, communalism, regionalism & secularism
Distribution of key natural resources across the world including South Asia and the Indian sub-continent; factors responsible for the location of primary, secondary, and tertiary sector industries in various parts of the world including India
Effects of globalization on Indian society
Salient features of world’s physical geography
Important Geophysical phenomena such as earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic activity, cyclone etc., geographical features and their location- changes in critical geographical features (including water-bodies and ice-caps) and in flora and fauna and the effects of such changes
[Download] ALL UPSC GSM1 Question Papers (Topicwise) from 2013-22 with Analysis & Future Strategy
[Model Answer] UPSC GSM1: Urban poor women living conditions more deplorable than rural counterparts
[Lecture] UPSC Mains Answer Writing with Self-Assessment-Benchmarks: Democractic Elements in Religious Reforms (250 Words)
[Lecture] UPSC Mains Answer Writing with Self-Assessment-Benchmarks: Quit India Movement- Planned or Spontaneous? (250 Words)
[Lecture] UPSC Mains Answer Writing with Self-Assessment-Benchmarks: Gandhi’s Secular Image vs. Khilafat Support
[Lecture] UPSC Mains Answer Writing with Self-Assessment-Benchmarks: British Imperialism Exigencies
[Lecture] UPSC Mains Answer Writing with Self-Assessment-Benchmarks: Hindu elements in Mughal Architecture
[Lecture] UPSC Mains Answer Writing with Self-Assessment-Benchmarks: Chola Bronze Sculptures
[Model Answer] UPSC GSM1-2017/Q20: Geography / Urbanization- New Problems of IT-BPO Cities (250 words, 15 marks)
[Model Answer] UPSC GSM1-2017/Q19: How religiosity transformed into communalism in Independent India? (250 words)
[Full Length Mock] UPSC Mains General Studies Paper-1 with FREE Question-cum-Answerbooklet (QCA)
[Model Answer] UPSC GSM1-2017/Q18: Women Issues & Debates in the 19th Century India (250 words, 15 marks)
[Model Answer] UPSC GSM1-2017/Q17: Geography- Monsoon climate that feeds over 50% population of World
[Model Answer] UPSC GSM1-2017/Q16: Geography- Converting floods into irrigation & inland navigation sources?
[Model Answer] UPSC GSM1-2017/Q15: Implications of Market-based Petro Refineries on developing country?
[Model Answer] UPSC GSM1-2017/Q14: Oceanic Salinity variations & its multi-dimensional effects (250 words, 15 marks) Physical Geography
[Model Answer] UPSC GSM1-2017/Q13: New Objectives added to vision of Free India since 1920s
[Model Answer] UPSC GSM1-2017/Q12: How traditional artisanal industry’s decline crippled rural economy of colonial India
[Model Answer] UPSC GSM1-2017/Q11: Indian society’s spirit of tolerance & love in past & present times
[Model Answer] UPSC GSM1-2017/Q10: Major legal initiatives by the State since Independence on discrimination against Scheduled Tribes (STs)
[Model Answer] UPSC GSM1-2017/Q9: Whether regions form cultural units or States? (10 Marks)
[Model Answer] UPSC GSM1-2017/Q8: Geography: How does Cryosphere affect Global Climate?
[Model Answer] UPSC GSM1-2017/Q7: Benefits of Pulse Cultivation, Why UN declared International Year of Pulses?
[Model Answer] GSM1-2017/Q5: Physical Geography: NASA’s Juno Mission: Knowing Earth’s Origin from Jupiter’s Data?
[Model Answer] GSM1-2017/Q4: World History- Decolonization problems in Malay Peninsula
[Model Answer] GSM1-2017/Q3: Freedom Struggle: Why Moderates failed to convince masses by end of 19th Century?
[Model Answer] GSM1-2017/Q2: Spectre of fragmented polity in mid-eighteenth century India (150 words, 10 Marks)
[Model Answer] GSM1-2017/Q1: Gupta coins & numismatic art was better than its successive dynasties. Justify (150 Words, 10 Marks)
[Model Answer] UPSC GSM1-2017/Q6: Carbon Imperialism vs Economic Cost of Renewable Energy vs Social Cost of Thermal Powerplants: Model Answers in Hindi & English
[Full Length Mock] UPSC Mains GS1, Set#1: History & Culture, Society & Geography; with sources for Model Answerkey
[AW/GSM1] Art & Culture: Declining Male Classical Dancers & Sanskrit Literature in Modern India- with Model Answers
[AW/GSM1] History: Thugs of Hindustan, Criminal Tribes Act 1871, Rise of Totalitarianism in Europe- with Model Answers
[AW/GSM1] Society: Post-Truth & Rise of Intolerance in India vs (GSM2): Constitution: Liberty of Thought & Expression? With Model Answers
[AW/GSM1] Post-Independence: LTTE vs IPKF & Globalization vs FLPR with Model Answers
Lecture/Rao forGSM1: Narasimha Rao’s Diplomacy & Mains Answer writing Basics
Lecture/GSM1: Right wing Vigilantism in India vs Alt-Right in Trump’s USA: Compare Contrast
Lecture/GSM1&4: DeenDayal- Integral humanism (एकात्म मानवदर्शन), One India (एक भारत), Dharma Rajya
Lecture/GSM1: Leather Industry- Location Factors, Opportunities, Challenges, Cow Vigilantism
Lecture/GSM1- Urban Floods: Problem, Remedies, Chennai Floods & Disaster Mitigation
FREE Complete Lecture Series on World History by Pratik Nayak
Indian Constitution- historical underpinnings, evolution, features, amendments, significant provisions and basic structure
Functions and responsibilities of the Union and the States, issues and challenges pertaining to the federal structure, devolution of powers and finances up to local levels and challenges therein
Comparison of the Indian constitutional scheme with that of other countries
Separation of powers between various organs dispute redressal mechanisms and institutions
Parliament and State Legislatures – structure, functioning, conduct of business, powers & privileges and issues arising out of these
Appointment to various Constitutional posts, powers, functions and responsibilities of various Constitutional Bodies
Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary Ministries and Departments of the Government; pressure groups and formal/informal associations and their role in the Polity
Salient features of the Representation of People’s Act
Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation
Statutory, regulatory and various quasi-judicial bodies
Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections of the population by the Centre and States and the performance of these schemes; mechanisms, laws, institutions and Bodies constituted for the protection and betterment of these vulnerable sections
Health, Education, Human Resources
Development processes and the development industry the role of NGOs, SHGs, various groups and associations, donors, charities, institutional and other stakeholders
Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to
Important aspects of governance, transparency and accountability, e-governance- applications, models, successes, limitations, and potential; citizens charters, transparency & accountability and institutional and other measures
Issues relating to poverty and hunger
Role of civil services in a democracy
Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests
India and its neighborhood- relations
Important International institutions, agencies and fora, their structure, mandate
Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India’s interests, Indian diaspora
[Download] ALL UPSC GSM2 Question Papers (Topicwise) from 2013-22 with Analysis & Future Strategy
[Model Answer] UPSC GSM2: Critically Examine the Need to abolish No-Detention Policy under Right to Education Act (150 words)
[Model Answer] UPSC GSM2: Explain the signifiance of ‘Affordable Housing’ in Human & Economic Development of India (150 words)
[Model Answer] UPSC GSM2: Why did Govt. propose Triple Talaq Bill / Ordinance? List Salient Features (150 words)
[Model Answer] UPSC GSM2: Diplomacy- Modi’s De-hyphenation Policy vs Nehru’s NAM Policy (250 words, 15 Marks)
[Model Answer] UPSC GSM2: Son Meta-Preference impact on India’s Gender Inequality Index (GII) at UNDP (250 words)
[Model Answer] UPSC GSM2: Ayushman Bharat-NHPM: Features, Fiscal & Administrative challenges (250 words, 15 marks)
[Model Answer] UPSC GSM2: 15th Finance Commission’s Terms of Reference (TOR)- Why are States apprehensive? (250 words)
[Model Answer] UPSC GSM2: Law Commission Report#276: Legalizing Sports-Betting in India. Discuss your Stand (250 words)
[Model Answer] UPSC GSM2: National Register of Citizens (NRC) & Assam Accord: Features & Interconnections (250 words)
[Model Answer] UPSC GSM2: Article 239AA & Lieutenant Governor’s Absolutism Post-SC Judgement
[Model Answer] UPSC GSM2: OBC Sub-categorization: Constitutional and Legal dimensions (150 words, 10 marks)
[Model Answer] UPSC GSM2: American Senate is more powerful than Indian Rajya Sabha. Analyse
[Full Length Mock] UPSC Mains GS2: Set#2- US Senate vs Rajya Sabha, Modi’s De-hyphenated Policy vs Nehru’s NAM
[Full Length Mock] UPSC Mains GS2: Set#1 with model Answerkey: SC guidelines on Section 498-A
[Economy/GSM2] Trade in Services Agreement (TiSA) vs WTO: MFN-Forward, Standstill & Ratchet, India’s stand, with Model Answers in Hindi & English
[AW/GSM2] Art of Answer writing: Uniform Civil Code (UCC)- 3 Mock Questions & Model Answers in Hindi & English
[AW/GSM2] Art of Answer writing: Regulatory Bodies autonomy & independence: Model Answers in English & Hindi
Lecture/GS2: Natural Fiber Textiles vs SDG; Bulk Drugs & API Industry- Govt Policies
Lecture/GSM2: Polity- Referendum in India? Lessons from BREXIT, Columbia & Scotland
Lecture/GSM2: Polity- Refugee & Asylum Framework in India? Lessons from EU-Refugee Crisis
Lecture/GSM2: Polity- Parliamentary Secretary, Office of Profit: Constitutional origins?
Lecture/GSM2: Polity- Directly Elected Mayor system in ULBs, Private Member’s Bill- merits of
Lecture/GSM2: Polity- Regulatory Bodies: Algo-Trading vs SEBI, MCI vs NMC?
Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization of resources, growth, development and employment.
Development, Bio diversity, Environment, Security and Disaster Management.
Government Budgeting.
Inclusive growth and issues arising from it.
Major crops cropping patterns in various parts of the country, different types of irrigation and irrigation systems storage, transport and marketing of agricultural produce and issues and related constraints; e-technology in the aid of farmers
Economics of animal-rearing.
Food processing and related industries in India- scope and significance, location, upstream and downstream requirements, supply chain management.
Issues related to direct and indirect farm subsidies and minimum support prices; Public Distribution System objectives, functioning, limitations, revamping; issues of buffer stocks and food security; Technology missions
Land reforms in India.
Effects of liberalization on the economy, changes in industrial policy and their effects on industrial growth.
Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways etc.
Investment models.
Science and Technology- developments and their applications and effects in everyday life Achievements of Indians in science & technology;
Indigenization of technology and developing new technology.
Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment
Awareness in the fields of IT, Space, Computers, robotics, nano-technology, bio-technology and issues relating to intellectual property rights.
Disaster and disaster management.
Role of external state and non-state actors in creating challenges to internal security.
Linkages between development and spread of extremism.
Challenges to internal security through communication networks, role of media and social networking sites in internal security challenges, basics of cyber security; money-laundering and its prevention
Various Security forces and agencies and their mandate
Security challenges and their management in border areas; linkages of organized crime with terrorism
[Download] ALL UPSC GSM3 Question Papers (Topicwise) from 2013-22 with Analysis & Future Strategy
Model Answers for UPSC Mains → GSM3-2019/Q12: Disaster Vulnerability types & characterization in हिंदी & English (10m, 150 words)
Model Answers for UPSC Mains → GSM3-2019/Q11: Hazard Zonation Mapping for Landslide Disaster Preparedness in हिंदी & English (15m, 250 words)
Model Answers for UPSC Mains → GSM3-2019/Q10: Govt Reforms to make PDS food grain distribution system more effective (15m, 250 words) in हिंदी & English
Model Answers for UPSC Mains → GSM3-2019/Q9: Govt initiatives for Food Processing Sector in India (15m, 250 words) in हिंदी & English
[Model Ans in हिंदी & English] UPSC GSM3-2019/Q8: Contributions of Sir M.Visvesvaraya and Dr. M. S. Swaminathan
[Model Ans in हिंदी & English] UPSC GSM3-2019/Q7:National Watershed Project in increasing agricultural production? (10m, 150 words)
[Model Ans in हिंदी & English] UPSC GSM3-2019/Q6: Integrated Farming System for sustaining agricultural production? (10m, 150 words)
[Model Ans in हिंदी & English] UPSC GSM3-2019/Q5: Biotechnology for Farmers Income Improvement? (15m, 250 words)
[Model Ans in हिंदी & English] UPSC GSM3-2019/Q3: Is Indian Economy in Good shape?
[Model Ans in हिंदी & English] UPSC GSM3-2019/Q3: Inclusive Growth strategy for Sustainability
[Model Ans in हिंदी & English] UPSC GSM3-2019/Q2: Public Expenditure Management challenges Post-LPG Reforms
[Model Ans in हिंदी & English] UPSC GSM3-2019/Q1: Comment on Revenue implications of GST
[Model Answer] UPSC GSM3-2018/Q12: How is Protectionism & Currency Manipulation affecting Indian Economy?
[Model Answer] UPSC GSM3-2018/Q11: How principles of NITI Aayog different from Planning Commission? (15 marks) incl. HINDI ANSWER
[Model Answer] UPSC GSM3-2018/Q10: Internal Security- Govt’s approach to Left Wing Extremism (LWE)? (10m)
[Model Answer] UPSC GSM3-2018/Q9: Why India distanced from China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC)? (10 marks)
[Model Answer] UPSC GSM3-2018/Q8: 100% Organic Farming State’s ecological and economical benefits? (10 marks)
[Model Answer] UPSC GSM3-2018/Q7: Ramsar “Wise use” Concept for wetland conservation (150 words, 10 marks)
[Model Answer] UPSC GSM3-2018/Q6: How to remove Toxic Solid Waste from Habitable Environment? (10 marks)
[Model Answer] UPSC GSM3-2018/Q5: Discuss how Bose-Einstein Statistics revolutionized the field of Physics? (10 marks)
[Model Answer] UPSC GSM3-2018/Q4: Food-Processing: How Supermarket supply chain management (SCM) eliminates intermediaries?
[Model Answer] UPSC GSM3-2018/Q3: Agriculture Issues- How MSP protects farmers from Low-Income Trap?
[Model Answer] UPSC GSM3-2018/Q2: Long-term Capital Gains Tax (LCGT) & Dividend Distribution Tax (DDT) in the Union Budget
[Model Answer] UPSC GSM3-2018/Q1: Energy Access initiatives for SDG: Ujjwala, Saubhagya, Gram-Jyoti, Urja Ganga, Uday (150 words)
[AW/GSM3] Internal Security: Preventing Lone Wolf & Hate Speech on Social Media: Mock Questions with Model Answer Writing
[GSM3/Disasters] Human Stampede Prevention, Role of Science Tech (GSM3) & Code for Media (GSM4) With Model Answer Writing
[AW/GSM3] Economy: Give Fiscal stimulus for 6-Quarter GDP dip & GST troubles of MSME/Small Traders? Critically Examine. Model Answer Included
[Economy] WTO Buenos Aires Summit #EPICFAIL: Model Answers for UPSC Mains GS2 & GS3
[AW/GSM3] Carbon Imperialism vs Economic Cost of Renewable Energy vs Social Cost of Thermal Powerplants: Model Answers in Hindi & English
[Summary] Economy#4A: Agriculture Credit & Inputs (Part 1/3) for Descriptive Exams gist of Survey Vol1&2, NITI 3YRs & SDG30
[Summary] Economy#4A: Agriculture Extension & Research, GM Crops (Part 2/3) for Descriptive Exams gist of Survey Vol1&2, NITI 3YRs & SDG30
[Summary] Economy#4A: Agriculture Output Selling (3/3): Price Deficiency Payment (PDP), MSP, APMC & Food Management gist of Survey Vol1&2, NITI 3YRs & SDG30
[AW/GSM3] Tomato Inflation, Organic Farming, Pulses Inflation: Mock Questions & Model Answer Writing for UPSC Civil Services Mains Exam
[AW/GSM3] Art of Answer writing: Minor Forest Produce (MFP) significance & challenges for Tribal economy: Model Answers in English & Hindi
[Economy] GSM3: New Metro Rail Policy 2017: Investment Models, PPP vs EPC, DFBOT, VGF with Model Answers in Hindi & English
Lecture/Rao forGSM3: Rao’s Economic Reforms, Impact of Liberalization & industrial Policy
Lecture/GSM3- SENDAI Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction & India’s updated NDM Plan 2016
Lecture/GSM3: Pollution- Kigali Amendment, India- a Rejectionist Power in SDG, Paris, ICAO?
Lecture/GSM3/Agri: Pulses inflation: Arvind Subramanian report, PPP procurement, higher MSP, DBT?
Lecture/GSM3/Agri: GM Mustard, DMH-11 Hybrid should we adopt in India? GEAC report? Cartagena Protocol?
Lecture/GSM3/Budgeting: Why Plan-Non plan merger? Is Revenue-Capital classification sufficient?
Lecture/GSM3/Budgeting: Why Budget advanced to 1st February? Merits, Rationale, Summary
Lecture/GSM3/Budgeting: Why change Financial Year of India instead of 1st April-31st March?
Lecture/GSM3/Economy: GST-Proposed Framework, Benefits, Challenges- Summary
Lecture/GSM3/Poverty: UBI- Universal Basic Income for Indian Poor: Benefits, Challenges- Summary

This paper includes questions to check the candidate’s’ attitude and approach to issues relating to integrity, probity in public life and his/her problem solving approach to various issues and conflicts faced by him/her while dealing with society. Questions may utilise the case study approach to determine these aspects and covers area:

Ethics and Human Interface- Essence, determinants and consequences of Ethics in human actions; dimensions of ethics; ethics in private and public relationships
Human Values- lessons from the lives and teachings of great leaders, reformers and administrators; role of family, society and educational institutions in inculcating values
Attitude- content, structure, function; its influence and relation with thought and behaviour; moral and political attitudes; social influence and persuasion
Aptitude and foundational values for Civil Service, integrity, impartiality and non-partisanship, objectivity, dedication to public service, empathy, tolerance and compassion towards the weaker-sections
Emotional intelligence-concepts, and their utilities and application in administration and governance
Contributions of moral thinkers and philosophers from India and world
Public/Civil service values and Ethics in Public administration- Status and problems; ethical concerns and dilemmas in government and private institutions; laws, rules, regulations and conscience as sources of ethical guidance; accountability and ethical governance; strengthening of ethical and moral values in governance; ethical issues in international relations and funding; corporate governance
Probity in Governance- Concept of public service; Philosophical basis of governance and probity; Information; sharing and transparency in government, Right to Information, Codes of Ethics, Codes of Conduct, Citizen’s Charters, Work culture, Quality of service delivery, Utilization of public funds, challenges of corruption
Case Studies on above issues.
[Download] ALL UPSC GSM4 Question Papers (Topicwise) from 2013-22 with Analysis & Future Strategy
[Full Length Mock] UPSC Mains GS4: Set#1 Ethics, Integrity, Aptitude incl. Case Studies on Blue Whale Game, Gender Equality, Artistic Freedom
[Full Length Mock] UPSC Mains GS4: Set#2- Ethics, Integrity, Aptitude with case study on recruitment, Ostracism, Friendship & More
[AW/GSM4] Art of Answer writing: Transparency of Rules Act (TORA) vs RTI vs Citizen Charter for Transparency, Accountability & Good Governance
Lecture/Rao forGS3&4: LPG Legacy= Growth NOT Redistributed? Crisis Mgmt using Kautilya?
FREE Complete Lecture Series on Ethics by UPSC Topper Kavan Limbasiya (IRS)
More Case Studies and Articles

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UPSC Civil Services IAS Exam MAINS 2023 Best Sociology Optional Coaching, Sociology Optional Syllabus.

Table of Contents

UPSC Civil Services IAS Exam MAINS 2023 “Essay Paper 2023”

Marks : 250 (125×2)

Duration: 3 hours

Exam Date: 15-09-2023

Subject: Essay Paper 2023

SECTION – A

Thinking is like a game, it does not begin unless there is an opposite team.

2. Visionary decision-making happens at the intersection of intuition and logic.

3. Not all who wander are lost.

4. Inspiration for creativity springs from the effort to look for the magical in the mundane.

SECTION – B

5. Girls are weighed down by restrictions, boys with demands two equally harmful disciplines.

6. Mathematics is the music of reason.

7. A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity.

8. Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in school.

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UPSC Essay Paper 2023 Analysis, Check PDF Download Link

The Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) has administered the CSE Mains 2023 Essay Paper on September 15. Download PDF and Check the UPSC Essay Paper 2023 Analysis of question here.

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UPSC Essay Paper 2023 Analysis

The UPSC Essay Paper is an important component that evaluates candidates’ knowledge as well as their ability to clearly and simply express concepts. This analysis explores the subtleties of this exam section, revealing trends, approaches, and ideas for future civil employees. The Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) conducted the IAS Mains 2023 Essay Paper on September 15, 2023. Check here UPSC Essay Paper 2023 detailed analysis below with proper model answers.

UPSC Essay Paper 2023 PDF

The Essay Paper of UPSC Mains 2023 is available in PDF format. The exam was successfully administered by UPSC at Forenoon on September 15, 2023. 9:00 AM – 12:00 PM, session. The UPSC Essay Paper is of 250 Marks. Candidates can check the UPSC Essay Paper 2023 PDF Link below

Essay Paper	PDF Download Link

UPSC Essay Paper 2023 Questions

The questions asked in the UPSC Essay paper 2023 have been mentioned below:

Thinking is like a game, it does not begin unless there is an opposite team.
Visionary decision-making happens at the intersection of intuition and logic.
Not all who wander are lost
Inspiration for creativity springs from the effort to look for the magical in the mundane
Girls are weighed down by restrictions, boys with demands – two equally harmful disciplines
Mathematics is the music of reason
A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity
Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in the school

UPSC Essay Paper 2023 Section A

Check here 4 questions of a UPSC Essay Paper 2023 Section A.

UPSC Essay Paper 2023 Section B

Check here 4 questions of a UPSC Essay Paper 2023 Section B.

UPSC Essay Paper 2023 Detailed Discussion Question-wise

Check the Question-Wise detailed discussion on UPSC Essay Paper 2023 below:

1. Thinking is like a game, it does not begin unless there is an opposite team.

Approach :

Thinking as a human nature.
Features of thinking as a GAME – connecting thinking to a game.
Game is based on competition.
Various dimensions to connect

Thesis – Thinking (like a game) begins with a competition (it can be opposite views, adversary conditions/Challenges.

Philosophical basis : Hegels idea of dialectics.

Meaning/Context:

Thinking in simple terms is a problem-solving activity.
pondering or reflecting on something.
Analysing and evaluating options
Goal-directed behaviour.
From choosing a dress to wear to solving a mathematical problem, all activities involve thinking.

Historical Examples:

Ancient : To protect from animal attacks and other dangers , humans started to live in bands–thats the basis of community/society.
Modern: Masses of Indian -sub-continent as a united against the oppressive policies of the British in the National Movement.

Examples from Different Dimensions

Individual : In day to day life of individual, its the competition that drives our thinking from simple decisions like chosing a dress to major decisions like deciding on the careers.
Societal : Ex: Social reforms in Hindu society were initiated through Arya Samaj due to the fear of westernisation and threat of conversions.
Political : Fear of opposition from rival political parties in the Parliament checks the misuse of power by the incumbent government. (or) Presence of multiple political parties and their debates during the election campaigns ignites the thinking of the common man towards the major issues.
Ex: Presence of multiple competitors in the telecom sector resulted in faster adoption of 4g technology in India.
Governance : Competitive fedaralism by NITI Aayog giving best outputs,
Environmental : Modern Environmentalism started due to the opposition to industrial revolution.
International Relations : Countries’ goal to become superpower makes them to adher to the principles of peace.
Other examples – Covid, globalization

Anti-Thesis : Thinking does not always require Competition to begin.

Thinking can also happen by chance without any goal –For ex: it can happen through curiosity–Example: Newtons’ discovery of gravity, Human discovery of fire etc.
Destructive thinking: Hitler

2. Visionary decision making happen at the intersection of intuition and logic

Decision making in everyday life – basis of human survival. E.g. Evolution of Humans from apes and role of decision making
Role of Intuition in decision making ( Navigating Ambiguity, Intuition is a source of creativity, as are innovation, Making social and interpersonal decisions, Risk assessment: Personal Values and Ethics )
Logic as assistance in decision making ( Identifying Relevant Information, Analyzing Options, Consistency, Problem Solving)
Requirement of both intuition and logic for visionary decision.
How to develop intuition and logic and balance them for visionary decision making.

Thesis: Visionary decision possible at intersection.

Examples and Arguments:

Innovation and creativity – Steve Jobs’ visionary choice to create the iPhone – result of his creative vision and intuition about what consumers needed.
Financial innovations in the form of UPI – logic made it difficult as financial transactions were already happening, but intuitive ness about its adoption was the major factor for its success.
Risk-taking: Elon Musk’s visionary choice to use SpaceX – intuition about the significance of extraterrestrial colonisation drove him to take the risk despite logic’s assertions to the contrary.
Long-Term Perspective: Mahatma Gandhi had a brilliant idea to use nonviolent resistance – while logic might have suggested a more combative strategy, his gut feeling about the long-term advantages of nonviolence and unity resulted in a historic change.
Human and societal factors: requires knowledge of societal dynamics, human behaviour, and values. E.g. A doctor may have logical medical data but also needs to consider the patient’s emotional state and unique circumstances .
Transcending Conventions: Visionary choices go against accepted beliefs and norms. Nelson Mandela’s visionary choice to seek out forgiveness and reconciliation in South Africa after the end of apartheid.

More examples –

Watson and Crick’s Discovery of DNA’s Structure.
Alexander Fleming’s discovery of penicillin.
Alfred Wegener’s intuition about continents drifting led to the plate tectonics theory and logic through dscoveries of fossils.
Charles Darwin’s intuition about natural selection and the evolution of species led to his groundbreaking work, “On the Origin of Species.”
Franklin D. Roosevelt – The New Deal: FDR’s intuition led him to understand the desperation and suffering caused by the Great Depression. The New Deal was a well-thought-out set of policies aimed at reviving the economy through public works projects, banking reforms, and social programs.

Anti Thesis: Why intuition and logic alone are not sufficient to achieve it.

Challenges and Pitfalls: Potential challenges of relying too heavily on intuition or logic in visionary decision making.

Over Reliance on logic: Nokia’s Missed Smartphone Revolution – Over Reliance on logic can lead to a reluctance to embrace disruptive innovations. Fall of Kodak cameras.
Over Reliance on intuition: Elizabeth Holmes, the founder of Theranos, had a vision to revolutionize blood testing. Holmes ignored red flags and critical feedback, ultimately undermining the company’s credibility . Also – 2008 economic crisis, NASA’s Space Shuttle Challenger disaster in 1986 was partially attributed to a decision made based on intuition
Importance of self-awareness in decision-makers: Balancing intuition and logic is crucial in visionary decision-making. Self-awareness is the key to achieving this balance.

How to develop intuition and logic and balancing them for visionary decision making:

Cultivate Intuition: Self-Reflection, Trust Your Gut, Embrace Creativity, Mindfulness and Meditation etc.
Develop Logical Thinking: Analytical Exercises, Data Analysis, Scenario Planning
Balancing Intuition and Logic: Collaborate, Feedback Loops, Continuous Learning

Conclusion: Visionary decision-making resulted from the harmonious interplay of intuition and logic. Intuition provided the overarching purpose and direction, while logic offered the means to translate those visionary goals into practical, achievable outcomes. – “Intuition alone can be a powerful guiding force, but logic is the tool that transforms vision into reality.”

3. Not all who wander are lost

Introduction with anecdote
Arguments on essence of wandering – Integrating examples
Counter viewpoints
Pre-conclusion – Administrative dimension – Need of balancing wandering with clarity of purpose

Introduction – Story of Siddhartha Gautama/ Columbus’ quest of exploring the unknown

The topic reflects the idea that those who may appear lost or aimless may, in fact, be on a heroic quest . This perspective challenges preconceived notions and encourages us to look beyond appearances.

Essence of Wandering

Leads to exploration – Societal level, Individual introspection (Linking this with introductory story of Gautam Buddha)
Personal growth and self-discovery (Introspection leads to critical thinking, we understand why one behaves in a certain way). Example – Philosophy of Tao
Quest for knowledge (Such deep wandering into the psyche of oneself and others may lead to gaining significant knowledge). Ex – Ferdinand Magellan discovery of the nature of Earth surface.
Creativity and innovation (Insights and knowledge acquired through wandering may lead to creativity and innovation) Thomas Alva Edison
Breaking free from conformity (Innovation/Creativity will challenge deep seated stereotypes and prejudices and in turn lead to breaking the conformity bias)
Struggling for change/reform – Cuba cost effective health care and education despite being wandering with revolutions and system of government

Embracing uncertainty/Resisting the fear of unknown

It suggests that not having a fixed destination can be liberating, allowing us to adapt to the unexpected and be open to new experiences. This is particularly relevant in a rapidly changing world where flexibility and adaptability are highly valued.

Movements for social justice – LGBTQIA+, Environment, Women Empowerment, Caste equality movements.

Counter viewpoint

Survivorship bias

Bias for those who do not get lost after wandering – but what about those who have / will lose after wandering?

Potential for Wasted Time :

Wandering without a purpose or goal can lead to a significant amount of time and resources being spent without tangible results.
In certain contexts, such as education or career planning, meandering aimlessly may result in missed opportunities or delayed achievements.

Risk of Disconnection

Individuals who prioritise aimless exploration over obligations to family, work, or community may find themselves isolated or struggling to meet their obligations.

Pre conclusion remarks – Linkage with Indian administration –

How wandering in the realm of bureaucratic rigidities led to the loss of purpose (welfare state). However, the decision to explore the path of “Digital world” has made governance citizen-centric. Balancing the wandering/exploration with clarity of purpose is paramount to achieve the dreams of AMRIT KAAL.

“Not all who wander are lost” invites us to navigate the complexities of life with an open heart and a curious mind, to embrace uncertainty and spontaneity, and to recognize that even those who appear to be wandering aimlessly may be on profound journeys of self-discovery and growth. It is an intellectual call to balance the pursuit of goals and the pursuit of wisdom, acknowledging that both are valuable and, at times, intertwined in the tapestry of human existence.

4. Inspiration for creativity springs from the effort to look for the magical in the mundane

Idea of creativity and basis for inspiration
Creativity thrives when we uncover the extraordinary within the ordinary—finding magic in the mundane.
This drives innovation across art, science, and technology, spurring personal growth, solving everyday problems, and shaping history.
It serves as a catalyst for progress and enriches the human experience.

Anecdote for Introduction

Walking on the sand – taking a stroll on a beach, same sand – Silicon – semiconductors , Uranium – nuclear weapons/energy.

Thesis: Creativity is the spark that ignites our imagination, enabling us to see the extraordinary in the ordinary. What fuels this inexhaustible well of creativity?

It is the ability to see the extraordinary within the ordinary, to find the magical in the mundane.

It reminds us that the world is full of wonder waiting to be discovered, even in the most ordinary of circumstances.

Dimensions:

Art and Aesthetics

Vincent van Gogh’s “Starry Night.”

Artists take commonplace objects, scenes, and emotions and elevate them to the realm of the extraordinary.

Startups and small businesses
Companies like Uber and Airbnb turned everyday tasks like transportation and lodging into magical, on-demand experiences, revolutionizing their respective sectors.
The “Dabbawalas” of Mumbai , who efficiently deliver home-cooked lunches to workers across the city.
Science and Innovation
Think of Isaac Newton’s observation of an apple falling from a tree, which led to his groundbreaking insights into gravity.
Consider Iphones ( Steve Jobs) , initially designed for communication but now integral to our lives, connecting us to an expansive digital world.
Economy/Finance
UPI Payments – brining financial revolution – from McDonalds to Street vendors
Energy Security
Renewable energy – like Solar – tapping the potential of Sun
Biofuels – driving vehicles with cleaner, simple fuels
Administrative Innovation : Bureaucrats using simple /mundane solutions for fixing societal issues.
Armstrong Palme – People’s Road
Operation Sulaimani – Prashant Nair – ‘’Compassionate Kozhikode’ – hunger and food security
Problem Solving/ Challenges

Consider a chef in a bustling restaurant kitchen. They take ordinary ingredients—flour, water, and yeast—and transform them into the magical delight of freshly baked bread.

On a personal level, seeking the magical in the mundane is a pathway to self-discovery and personal growth. The daily routines and tasks of life may seem routine, but they can be opportunities for mindfulness and reflection.

Antithesis /Alternate Perspective

AI usage – killing creativity – only some will use AI for creativity but for the majority, creativity will get killed.
Specific class of intellectuals – Gramsci’s Manufacturing Consent
Circumstances for thinking – societal norms controlling mind – reducing innovation

Conclusion:

Embracing the idea that inspiration can be found in everyday experiences is crucial for fostering innovation and ensuring a brighter, more imaginative future.
As we navigate the complexities of our ever-changing world, let us remember that even the most ordinary of things can hold the spark of creativity and the potential for magic.
The magic is not just out there; it’s within us, waiting to be uncovered in the world around us.

5. Girls are weighed down by restrictions, boys with demands – two equally harmful disciplines

Introduction

Breaking down the first part- Girls are weighed down by restrictions
Breaking down the second part – Boys are weighed down with demands
Why such a scenario
Multidimensional Impact of these harmful disciplines – Family level, society, nation, Political, economical, etc.
Are these two disciplines equally harmful?

Countering these harmful disciplines

India, a nation heralded for its rich cultural heritage and a history spanning millennia , is also a place where gender disparities have endured for generations.
The intricate web of expectations placed upon girls, often characterised by social, familial, and cultural restrictions, can inhibit their aspirations, education, and personal freedoms.
Simultaneously, boys face the weight of societal demands that prescribe specific notions of masculinity, often emphasising stoicism, competitiveness, and emotional restraint

Girls are weighed down by restrictions

Traditional gender roles and expectations may dictate that girls should prioritise domestic responsibilities over personal aspirations, conform to rigid standards of beauty and behaviour , and shy away from traditionally male-dominated fields.
Emotional: Cannot express anger /aggressiveness–only love, empathy, care etc. are acceptable.
Family and Marriage: Patriarchy; Restrictions on choosing life partner; child birth etc.
Career: Restrictions on taking up professions like Mechanical Engineering , Combat role in Army etc. ( Gender ceiling ; Pink collared jobs etc.)
Economy: Restrictions/ non-inclusion /no independence in major financial decisions.
Consequences : These restrictions can stifle their ambitions, self-expression, and personal growth.

Boys with demands

Boys often grapple with societal demands that pressure them to conform to notions of masculinity that may not align with their authentic selves.
Emotional : Boys are not supposed to cry even in bitter conditions.
Clothes : Colours and style as set up the society Ex: Pink is almost not acceptable
Physical : Physical Strength
Relationship : Not to show equality towards spouse
Marriage: Taking Dowry
Career : Towards Engineering, Army, Police etc.
Economy: To bear the financial burden of the entire family
Culture: To carry out the legacy of family
Consequences : These demands may include suppressing emotions, pursuing aggressive behaviours, and demonstrating dominance. The pressure to meet these demands can lead to emotional repression, mental health issues, and a perpetuation of harmful stereotypes about masculinity.

Why? – Social norms, Perpetuation of stereotypes through social interactions, misinterpretation of religious texts, popular culture, cinema, etc.

Impact of these two harmful disciplines:

Limiting Personal Growth
Impeding social progress – Not conducive for national development
Non inclusive society

Are the two disciplines equally harmful or not?

Arguments in favour
Reinforces Gender stereotypes – limits individual freedom and self expression
Adversely impacts emotional well being .
Perpetuates gender inequality and disturbs social peace–Men Vs. Women debate will continue.
Limits life choices thereby repressing personal autonomy and Individual freedom
Arguments against
Biological limitations: Physical strength is a natural fact. Therefore, such limitations may not be harmful for certain segments.
Cultural limitations: To preserve the culture to bind together the families through division of work and responsibilities.
Societal Limitations: Society is not yet matured enough to accept breaking the gender roles and stereotypes.
Infrastructural Limitations: Ex: Lack of Toilets and other necessary infrastructure for women is an issue to recruit women in combat roles in the army.
More harmful to girls than boys as boys through demands at least get opportunities. However such opportunities are denied to girls due to restrictions.

Breaking barriers and building the nation – Countering the two harmful disciplines.

Conclusion:

There are examples of women breaking their restrictions. Ex- Kiran Bedi
Matrelinial societies build on breaking restrictions.
Husbands also contributing in breaking limitations. Ex – division of house work.

6. Mathematics is the ‘music of reason’

Similarity between Maths and Music
Linkage between Maths and Reason
Why Maths is considered as the ‘Music of Reason’
Way Ahead – Steps which can be taken to build Passion for Maths among young people

Similarity between Maths and Music

Similar to Music, to do mathematics is to engage in an act of

Discovery of Pythagorous
Ex Srinivisa Ramanujan contribution to pure mathematics, without any formal knowledge, which led to many discoveries.
His last notebooks just before his death caused excitement among Mathmaticians
Aryabhatta discovery of zero
to be in a state of confusion— Do not know what your creation can lead to
Newton contributions in calculus, technology of telescope etc and how it helped in Modern Physics
Recent research, in which Math models were used to gain new insight on how breast cancer metastasizes.
to be frustrated as an artist;
to be awed and overwhelmed by an almost painful beauty; to be alive, damn it.”

Linkage b/w Maths and Reason

Mathematics is often described as a discipline rooted in pure reason. While it is influenced by empirical observations and practical applications, it is ultimately built on a foundation of abstract reasoning and logical deduction.

Reason why Mathematics is considered the ‘Music of Reason’

Requires Passion

Continuous pursuit of Knowledge

Can lead to collaborations for greater good

Inculcates logical Thinking and Reason

Results in creation which stand the test of time

Provides Harmony in patterns – music of reason because it emphasized beauty of patterns, symmetry and harmony.
Mathematical concepts underpin various technological advancement.
Mathematical equation and concepts reveal the inherent order in the Universe.
Transcends cultural and linguistic barriers → Universal language Understood by scientist, engineering and Finance
International collaboration in the above field takes place.
Cultivates Problem solving skills and logical thinking → Helps tackle real world problems.
Cultivates Reason → Valuable in decision making
Forms the basis of artificial intelligence, cryptography and data science etc.
Ancient times – Jantar Mantar,
Add examples –
Economic Significance → Role played by Maths in economics finance, resource allocation etc.
for example calculus is used to determine the rate of speed required for the spaceship to successfully reach space from the Earth.
India’s achievements in space exploration, especially Mars Orbiter Mission (Mangalyaan), Chandrayaan 3 mission which was celebrated for its cost-effectiveness and precision in trajectory calculations, demonstrating the role of mathematics in space endeavours.
Educational and Skill development → Provides Individuals with analytical skills and problem solving → example of STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) will help develop future professionals.
Interdisciplinary Connections: Intersects with various other disciplines such as Computer Science, economics and Social Science. Thus, helps with Interdisciplinary research to provide Innovative solutions to the problems

Way Ahead – Change in culture to make Maths be seen as an artistic pursuit

Talk about why Maths should be taken as an intellectually engaged, artistic pursuits.
Take Maths as a a tool for collaboration (Similar to Music where artists collaborate example of collaboration in field of Space), persistence (similar to music work towards persistently finding new algorithms etc.), growth mindset (offer praise, nurturing the passion for Maths among student), Make students love Maths (stop the culture of hating Maths etc.)

7. A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity

Meaning/Context : A just society is one that strives to eliminate the root causes of inequality and suffering , thereby reducing the need for charitable assistance.
Idea of Justice
Historical dimension
Interplay of Justice and Charity through multiple layers of society
Significance of charity in today’s society

Historical Dimension

Concept of charity started when social justice took a backseat with caste and gender divisions–charity in fact shows the inequalities in society (where rich are able to donate to poor).

Different Dimensions of Society

Ex: Stephen Hawking’s disability did not let him to depend on charity.
Community : Historically Disadvantaged sections of Indian society like SC/STs- were ensured with social justice through affirmative action in the constitution.
Subnational level : Hilly and tribal regions are provided with special provisions in the constitution. (Fifth and Six Schedule )
Social Justice has no room for freebies in elections , farm loan waivers etc.
World : Inclusion of African Union to G20–African nations need no charity but chances for opportunities for growth.

Significance of Charity in Current Times

Historical injustices have perpetuated inequalities in the society in the form of caste class, gender , religion etc.— constitution ensures social justice to these sections– but it will take a long time to correct these (even though progress has been significant) -hence charity (from individuals. Corporates and institutions) provide support to the desired sections of population to a certain extent.
Global North vs Global South
Impact of Climate Change – Common but Differentiated Responsibilities (CBDR)
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) – balancing profits with the social needs.

Conclusion : The ultimate goal of society is to reduce the need for charity.

8. Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in the school

Meaning of Education and significance for humans.
Role of learning: Learning is a process which results in a more or less permanent modification of behaviour as a result of practice or experience.
Distinguish between education and schooling/learning → Only positive or desirable learning contributes to the process of education while negative or undesirable learning is not considered a part of education.
The Importance of Lifelong Learning and how education inculcates this.

Meaning/Context

Education has different contextual meaning – the economist would see education as a commodity in which it is profitable for the community to invest. Sociologists would tell people that education is a socializing force, Education as a Spiritual Pursuit: According to the Upanishads, “Education is that whose end product is salvation”
Nevertheless, education is there in all of the above and each one is linked to the process of education, yet it lies above all these.
It is believed that education should prepare individuals for active participation in a democratic society.

Historical Dimension

Education is derived from – “Educare”, which refers to “to bring up’ or “to nourish”.
In India, the concept of education is traced back to the “Gurukula Parampara” which developed in ancient times.

Distinguish between education and schooling/learning

Value system/ wisdom comes from experience while learning teaches academic knowledge and information. Example – only after seeing pain, death and suffering Siddhartha became Buddha.
True education extends beyond memorization and tests, leaving a lasting imprint on an individual’s character, values, and ability to navigate the complexities of life. E.g. NEP fosters foundational learning away from rote learning.
Education exposes individuals to diverse cultures, histories, and perspectives, nurturing cultural and social awareness. This understanding promotes tolerance, inclusivity, and the ability to thrive in a globalized world.

The success of renowned entrepreneurs like Steve Jobs and Bill Gates, who dropped out of college, highlights how the problem-solving skills and innovative thinking acquired in their educational journey laid the foundation for their groundbreaking careers.

The Importance of Lifelong Learning and how education inculcates this?

Adaptation to Change : In a rapidly changing world.
Personal Growth : Lifelong learning fosters personal growth and self-improvement.
Career Advancement : Lifelong learners are often more competitive in the job market.
Problem Solving : Lifelong learning enhances critical thinking and problem-solving abilities.
Cognitive Health : Continuous learning helps maintain cognitive health and may delay cognitive decline associated with aging.
Increased Confidence : Acquiring new knowledge and skills boosts self-confidence and self-esteem.
Enhanced Communication : Lifelong learning can improve communication skills, including written and verbal communication.
Social Engagement : Lifelong learners often engage in social activities related to their interests, fostering connections and a sense of belonging within communities of learners.
Innovation and Creativity : Exposure to diverse ideas and experiences through lifelong learning can inspire innovation and creativity.

Way Forward: John Dewey’s 7 principles: Experiential Learning, Child-Centered Education , Learning by Doing, Integration of Subjects, Democratic Education, Continuous Learning, Problem-Centered Curriculum, Social Interaction.

Conclusion: Aristotle advocated for a balanced education that included the cultivation of moral virtues, intellectual virtues, and practical skills. In essence, education endures as a beacon that guides individuals throughout their lives, illuminating the path toward personal growth, societal progress, and the betterment of humanity as a whole.

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UPSC Essay Paper 2023 Analysis FAQs

What are the rules for writing essay in upsc.

Candidates have to select a topic from each section and write about it in 1,000 to 2,000 words within the given time of three hours.

How to score good marks in essay UPSC?

Here are a few tips to help you achieve this score: - Understand the essay topic: Read the topic carefully and analyze its various dimensions. Develop a clear understanding of what the essay demands. - Plan your essay: Spend some time brainstorming and organizing your thoughts before you start writing.

Do essay questions repeat in UPSC?

Yes, UPSC does repeat its previous year's questions in the Prelims exam.

Can essay be written in bullet points?

Yes. There is no hard and fast rule; that being said, if this is for a course assignment, I would be careful about it. Some instructors might consider bullet points too informal for an essay.

What is a decent score in essay UPSC?

As the essay paper is out of 250, marks which are above 50% can be considered good, ie. 125. Marks between 110-125 is considered as average.

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UPSC CSE 2023 Mains Essay Paper Model Answers

The UPSC Civil Services Main Examination 2023 began with an Essay paper. There were eight essay topics separated into two groups, and aspirants were supposed to write on two of them in three hours, one from each. Candidates were asked to write 1000-1200 words for each essay.

Initial Thoughts

This year's essay paper followed the predicted pattern, with five of the eight themes being philosophical in nature. Furthermore, the general tone of the paper was thoughtful and philosophical.
Although the topics were simple to understand, it was challenging to select the right topic and then come up with enough content to complete 1000–1200 words.
The paper was manageable for aspirants who adhered to the fundamentals of UPSC preparation, such as having a firm understanding of the static syllabus, broad knowledge of current events, and adequate writing practice.

Now, let us discuss each topic separately.

Thinking is like a game, it does not begin unless there is an opposite team

This topic appears to be centered on the notion that critical thinking frequently occurs in the interaction to competing ideas or challenges.
Candidates may have been asked to investigate how clashes of ideas result in innovation and advancement.

Visionary decision-making happens at the intersection of intuition and logic

Paul O'Brien is the author of this well-known proverb.
This comment most likely encouraged candidates to explore the importance of balancing intuition and logic when making crucial decisions.
It promotes thinking on the roles of both aspects in good leadership and problem-solving.

Not all who wander are lost

This saying belongs to J.R.R. Tolkien, The Fellowship of the Ring.
The topic expected from candidates to think about how exploring and being spontaneous in life’s journey can be excellent. It’s a deep topic that can be understood in many different ways.

Inspiration for creativity springs from the effort to look for the magical in the mundane

This essay topic appears to promote the notion that creativity is not restricted to rare moments of inspiration, but can also be found in ordinary events. It most likely prompted individuals to consider where creativity comes from and how we may exhibit it in our daily lives.

Girls are weighed down by restrictions, boys with demands- two equally harmful disciplines

This is the saying of Simone de Beauvoir. Simone de Beauvoir was a prominent French existentialist philosopher and feminist thinker. She made significant contributions to feminist philosophy through her work, including “The Second Sex,” where she discussed the concept of “The Other” and examined the role of societal expectations in shaping women’s lives.
The quote by Simone de Beauvoir presented the idea that both girls and boys or individuals of different genders, often face distinct but equally harmful forms of societal pressures and constraints.

Mathematics is the music of reasons

Mathematics is the music of reason, according to James Joseph Sylvester. Isn't music the mathematics of the senses, and mathematics the music of the reason? The musician feels mathematics, while the mathematician thinks music: music is a dream, and mathematics is a job.”
This remark implies a poetic link between mathematics and music. Candidates would almost certainly be required to address the beauty and rationality inherent in mathematics, as well as its role in molding our understanding of the world.

A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity

This topic appears to touch on the concepts of social justice and charity, which have been studied by philosophers such as John Rawls, as well as the “veil of ignorance.”
Candidates may have been asked to investigate the relationship in society amongst justice, equality, and generosity.

Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in school

Albert Einstein once said, “Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in school.”
This essay topic will most likely require candidates to consider the value of education beyond rote memorization. It could have been expected to have a discussion about the practical application of knowledge and lifelong learning.

Conclusion:

It makes no difference whether aspirants know where the quotes came from. The only thing that matters is how the given quote is elaborated and supplemented by examples and case studies. All of this is dependent on the critical topic selection. All of this depends on the proper selection of the topic.

Takeaways for 2024

As previously stated, the paper was manageable for those who strictly followed the fundamentals of UPSC preparation.
The main takeaway from this year's paper is that sufficient writing practise is necessary now.

More about the Art of Essay Writing can be found in Samajho's Corner:

Samajho UPSC Essay Series | Part 1 | How to Write an Effective Essay?
Samajho UPSC Essay Series | Part 2 | Quotes For Writing an Effective Essay
Samajho UPSC Essay Series | Part 3 | Anecdotes For Writing an Effective Essay
Samajho UPSC Essay Series | Part 4 | Theme-wise Previous Years Essay Papers
Samajho UPSC Essay Series | Part 5 | How to Tackle Philosophical Essays?

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Essay Question Paper – UPSC Mains 2023

The first paper of UPSC Mains 2023, that is the Essay paper, was conducted today. Following are the takeaways from it:

This year also we see the dominance of Philosophical essays. Each and every topic can be said to be a Quote. However, one thing which makes this essay paper easier than the one last year is the fact that these quotations are from different and common subjects or issues. The topics which they cater to are common to any serious UPSC Aspirant .

These topics include:

Social Issues

Generally speaking, Section A can be said to be tougher than section B. However, it’s a comparative paper, so for any serious UPSC Aspirant, the difficulty level should not make that much of a difference.

The most important thing every aspirant should take away from this is, they should practice as many essays as possible in the test series which are out of their comfort area. This practice shall help a lot in tackling any and every kind of essay topic in UPSC Mains.

The UPSC Mains 2023, a highly anticipated and rigorous examination, marks a pivotal moment for aspiring civil servants in India. This prestigious examination, conducted by the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) , is the second stage of the Civil Services Examination and serves as a crucial stepping stone for candidates who aim to join the Indian Administrative Service (IAS) , Indian Police Service (IPS) , or other elite civil services. The UPSC Mains 2023 will test candidates on a wide range of subjects, including essay writing, general studies, and optional subjects chosen by the candidates. Let’s check out more information on the UPSC Pathshala website.

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NDA 2 2023 Application Form: Let’s Check Out the Notification and Form Date of the Exam!

Annual Calendar 2024 UPSC: UPSC CSE 2024 Calendar

Other stories, can i do upsc coaching online: unveiling your path to success.

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UPSC Mains 2023 Question Papers- Essay | GS Papers | Language Papers | Optional Papers

ForumIAS announcing GS Foundation Program for UPSC CSE 2025-26 from 10th August. Click Here for more information.

As we all know that UPSC CSE Mains examination is going on and all the future aspirants will be looking for the question paper everywhere. Therefore, for your convenience, we are creating a single post, where we will list out all the UPSC mains 2023 Question Papers . You will be able to access all the related posts released by us, in the below given list.

UPSC mains 2023 was started on 15th September 2023 and the last paper will be conducted on 24th September.

Following is the list of the released papers.

UPSC Mains 2023 Question Papers List

UPSC IAS Mains 2023 – GS 4 Question Paper
UPSC Mains 2023 GS 3 Question Paper PDF
UPSC Mains 2023 GS 2 Question Paper PDF
UPSC Mains 2023 GS 1 Question Paper PDF
[Download] UPSC Mains 2023 – Essay Paper PDF – Hindi | English

UPSC CSE Main exam 2023 schedule


September 15	Paper I Essay	No paper
September 16	Paper -II General Studies-I	Paper-III General Studies-II
September 17	Paper -IV General Studies-III	Paper -V General Studies-IV
September 23	Paper- A Indian Language	Paper B English
September 24	Paper-VI Optional Subject paper-1	Paper-VII Optional Subject Paper -2

If you are looking for previous mains question papers – click here

What is the pattern of UPSC Civil Services Mains Examination?

The UPSC Civil Services Mains Examination is a comprehensive examination that assesses a candidate’s knowledge, analytical abilities, and suitability for a career in the civil services. Here’s a detailed breakdown of the Mains examination pattern:

The Civil Services Mains Examination consists of a written examination and an interview.

Written Examination:

The written examination comprises nine papers, two of which are qualifying in nature, and the remaining seven are ranked. Each paper lasts for 3 hours. Here’s the format:

Paper A : One of the Indian languages listed in the Eighth Schedule to the Constitution (Qualifying) – 300 marks.
Paper B : English (Qualifying) – 300 marks.
Paper I : Essay – 250 marks.
Paper II : General Studies I (Indian heritage and culture, history, and geography of the world and society) – 250 marks.
Paper III : General Studies II (Governance, constitution, policy, social justice, and international relations) – 250 marks.
Paper IV : General Studies III (Technology, economic development, bio-diversity, environment, security, and disaster management) – 250 marks.
Paper V : General Studies IV (Ethics, integrity, and aptitude) – 250 marks.
Paper VI : Optional Subject Paper I – 250 marks.
Paper VII : Optional Subject Paper II – 250 marks.

The total marks for the written test are 1750.

Optional Subjects:

Candidates can choose one optional subject for Papers VI and VII from a list that includes subjects like Agriculture, Anthropology, Botany, Chemistry, Civil Engineering, Commerce and Accountancy, Economics, Electrical Engineering, Geography, Geology, History, Law, Literature of any one of the languages listed above, Management, Mathematics, Mechanical Engineering, Medical Science, Philosophy, Physics, Political Science and International Relations, Psychology, Public Administration, Sociology, Statistics, and Zoology.

UPSC Mains 2023 question paper

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CSE Toppers' Answer Booklets

ADITYA SRIVASTAVA

All india rank: 1 (2023).

ESSAY TEST 1
ESSAY TEST 2
ESSAY TEST 3
CSE 2022 - ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING - 1
CSE 2022 - ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING - 2
CSE 2022 - ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING - 3
CSE 2022 - ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING - 4
CSE 2022 - ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING - 5
CSE 2022 - ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING - 6

All India Rank: 5 (2023)

GS I - TEST 1
Analytics Test - 1
GS II - TEST 2
Analytics Test - 2
GS III - TEST 3
Analytics Test - 3
GS IV - TEST 4
Analytics Test - 4
ESSAY TEST 4
CSE 2022 - ECONOMICS - TEST 1
CSE 2022 - ECONOMICS - TEST 2
CSE 2022 - ECONOMICS - TEST 3
CSE 2022 - ECONOMICS - TEST 4
CSE 2022 - ECONOMICS - TEST 5
CSE 2022 - ECONOMICS - TEST 7

All India Rank: 9 (2023)

GS I - TEST 5
Analytics Test- 5
GS II - TEST 6
Analytics Test - 6
GS III - TEST 7
Analytics Test - 7
GS IV - TEST 8
Analytics Test - 8

KUSH MOTWANI

All india rank: 11 (2023).

Analytics Test - 5

MEDHA ANAND

All india rank: 13 (2023).

All India Rank: 16 (2023)

CSE-2022 MATHEMATICS TEST 05
CSE-2022 MATHEMATICS TEST 06

SHIVAM KUMAR

All india rank: 19 (2023).

ANSHUL BHAT

All india rank: 22 (2023).

PRAJNANANDAN GIRI

All india rank: 24 (2023).

VISHNU SASIKUMAR

All india rank: 31 (2023).

ESSAY TEST - 1
ESSAY TEST - 2
ESSAY TEST - 3

AYUSHI PRADHAN

All india rank: 36 (2023).

THAKUR ANJALI AJAY

All india rank: 43 (2023).

ANSHUL HINDAL

All india rank: 48 (2023).

K N CHANDANA JAHNAVI

All india rank: 50 (2023).

ESSAY TEST - 4

All India Rank: 53 (2023)

SURABHI SRIVASTAVA

All india rank: 56 (2023).

Analytics Test- 01
Analytics Test- 03
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Analytics Test- 08

ABHIMANYU MALIK

All india rank: 60 (2023).

Analytics Test- 02

KHUSHHALI SOLANKI

All india rank: 61 (2023).

Analytics Test- 07

All India Rank: 69 (2023)

SHOHAM TEBERIWAL

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Getting Ready for the Essay and Optional Papers After Completing GS in Abhyaas 2024

Updated on: 26 August,2024 01:07 PM IST | Mumbai Buzz | [email protected]

Text

The completion of the Abhyaas GS Mains tests is a significant achievement, but it’s also a signal to keep pushing forward.

Getting Ready for the Essay and Optional Papers After Completing GS in Abhyaas 2024

As the UPSC Mains 2024 approaches, thousands of dedicated aspirants across the country have successfully participated in the GS Papers I-IV of the Abhyaas Mains Mock Test Series 2024, held on 24th and 25th August. This achievement reflects the hard work of students and the support provided by VisionIAS and participating institutes.

The Abhyaas Experience: A Crucial Milestone in UPSC Preparation Abhyaas Mains Test Series is recognized as the largest exercise outside the actual UPSC Mains. It replicates the exam environment, offering aspirants a realistic experience of the pressures, time constraints, and question patterns they will face on the day. This series is an essential part of the preparation journey, emphasizing immersion in the exam environment and developing the mental resilience needed to excel. The success of Abhyaas lies in its ability to unite aspirants from diverse backgrounds, providing valuable insights, feedback, and performance analysis that refine preparation strategies.

Leveraging the Abhyaas Experience for GS Papers I-IV

History : Focus on revising key events like the freedom struggle and socio-religious reform movements. The Abhyaas tests help in critically analyzing these events, with feedback highlighting gaps in understanding.
Geography : Use the Abhyaas experience to solidify your understanding of physical and human geography. Practice visual aids like maps to make your answers more impactful.
Society : Concentrate on societal challenges like poverty and inequality. Abhyaas provides a multi-perspective analysis, improving the depth and structure of your answers.
Polity and Governance : Understand the Constitution’s core principles, with feedback helping you critically evaluate constitutional provisions and their implications.
International Relations : Strengthen your understanding of India’s relations with global players and multilateral institutions. The feedback helps refine your grasp of India’s foreign policy.
Economy : Focus on economic reforms and the inclusive growth agenda. The Abhyaas series helps refine your analysis of economic policies and their sectoral impacts.
Environment : Interlink topics like biodiversity and climate change with sustainable development goals using feedback to enhance your answers.
Ethics : Strengthen your grasp of ethical principles like utilitarianism using feedback to apply these concepts in real-life scenarios.

Preparing for the Next Abhyaas: Essay and Optional Papers With the GS Mains papers behind you, the focus now shifts to the Abhyaas Essay and Optional Tests scheduled for 31st August and 1st September, respectively. These upcoming tests are crucial, and a strategic approach to preparation is essential for success.

Essay Paper Preparation

Practice Diverse Topics : Write essays on a variety of themes to build versatility. Structure your essays with strong introductions, logical development, and thoughtful conclusions enriched with relevant examples and case studies.
Time Management : Practice writing within the allotted time, ensuring you can complete your essays effectively during the actual exam.

Optional Paper Preparation Your optional subject plays a significant role in your overall score, and thorough preparation is essential.

Anthropology, Sociology, Political Science, and Public Administration : Deepen your understanding of fundamental theories and concepts. Review past year papers to identify frequently asked questions and prepare contemporary examples to substantiate your answers.
Geography : Revise key maps and diagrams, practicing their accurate representation. Integrate current events related to geography, like environmental issues, into your answers.
History : Revise historical events chronologically, focusing on cause-effect relationships. Include art and culture topics in your revision and practice writing answers that critically analyze historical sources.
Philosophy : Focus on philosophical doctrines and their applications. Use philosophical arguments to enhance your Ethics paper answers.
Hindi : Strengthen your knowledge of Hindi literature, focusing on significant literary movements. Regularly practice writing essays and letters in Hindi to ensure grammatical accuracy.
Maths and Physics : Focus on high-weightage topics and practice problem-solving. Ensure your calculations are precise and timely.

Key Elements of UPSC Preparation: Insights from Abhyaas The learnings from the Abhyaas GS Mains series cover all crucial elements required for UPSC Mains preparation. Abhyaas not only tests your knowledge but also enhances your time management skills, answer writing abilities, and overall exam strategy.

Syllabus Mastery : Abhyaas ensures every aspect of the UPSC syllabus is tested, helping you identify areas that need more focus.
Current Affairs Integration : VisionIAS resources like Mains 365 Quick Facts and Summary Sheets are crucial for enriching your answers. Incorporating current events into your answers demonstrates your ability to connect static knowledge with dynamic developments.
Answer Writing Practice : Abhyaas emphasizes consistent answer writing practice. The feedback you receive helps refine your writing style, ensuring clarity, coherence, and conciseness.
Mock Tests and Performance Analysis : Abhyaas replicates UPSC Mains exam conditions, building stamina and mental fortitude. Detailed performance analysis after each test helps identify strengths and areas for improvement.
Mental and Physical Well-being : Maintaining balance is crucial. Adequate rest, regular exercise, and mindfulness practices are essential. Abhyaas tests your resilience, helping develop the mental toughness required for the UPSC journey.

Final Thoughts: Moving Forward with Confidence The completion of the Abhyaas GS Mains tests is a significant achievement, but it’s also a signal to keep pushing forward. The insights and feedback from these tests should serve as the foundation for your continued preparation. As you prepare for the Abhyaas Essay and Optional tests, remember that consistency, strategic planning, and a positive mindset are your greatest allies.

Your journey to becoming a civil servant is a marathon, not a sprint. Stay resilient, believe in your abilities, and continue to push your limits. The VisionIAS team is here to support you every step of the way, providing you with the resources, guidance, and encouragement you need to succeed.

We wish you the very best in your continued preparation and look forward to celebrating your success.

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UPSC Mains Question Paper PDFs 2023

The UPSC Mains 2023 commenced on 15th September 2023 with the Essay Paper. The IAS Mains 2023 will conclude on 24th September 2023 with the optional papers. The UPSC Mains is the second step in the entire civil services exam process. Candidates who clear the mains exam will be called for the final leg of the exam, that is, the UPSC Personality Test or interview which will be held in January – March 2024.

Download the UPSC Mains Essay Paper from this link .

UPSC Mains Question Papers 2023

The UPSC mains exam consists of nine papers namely, the Essay Paper, four General Studies papers (GS-1, 2, 3 & 4), two optional papers, the English language paper and one Indian language paper. In the below table, we give you the schedule of the UPSC Mains 2023 exam.


15 Sep 2023 (Friday)	Essay Paper	No Paper
16 Sep 2023 (Saturday)	GS-1	GS-2
17 Sep 2023 (Sunday)	GS-3	GS-4
23 Sep 2023 (Saturday)	Indian Language	English
24 Sep 2023 (Sunday)	Optional Paper 1	Optional Paper 2

The English and the language papers are of a qualifying nature while the remaining papers are counted for merit ranking.

Candidates will be provided with the UPSC Mains Question paper PDFs of both the qualifying papers and the merit ranking papers in the article.

Note – The exams are yet to take place. The PDFs will be available shortly.

If you are looking for the UPSC syllabus for Prelims, Mains and Interview and information on the Civil Services Exam as a whole, refer to the link above.

Download UPSC Mains 2023 GS Question Paper PDFs

In this section, candidates can download the general studies papers of the UPSC Mains 2023 exam from the table below. (Links will be provided as and when the papers are out).

UPSC Mains Language Question Papers 2023

Though the language papers are of a qualifying nature, they are important because the candidate has to clear these papers with the minimum marks if they want to clear the IAS mains exam. There is a list of languages the candidates can choose from for the compulsory Indian language paper .

The Indian language paper is called Paper A while the English language paper is called Paper B. Candidates can download the language papers from the table below. (Links will be provided once the papers are out).

UPSC Mains 2023 Compulsory Indian Language Question Papers

For tips to crack the English language paper, click here .

Download UPSC Mains Essay Question Paper PDF

The UPSC Essay paper segment consists of two sections A and B.
Both sections have about four questions each.
The candidates have to choose one topic from each section, thus having to answer 2 essay questions in total.
The word limit for each question is to be within the range of 1000-1200 words.
The marks for each question is 125, thus the total allotted marks are 250.
The paper will be included for merit ranking and is not just for qualifying purposes.

The candidates are expected to keep close to the subject of the essay to arrange their ideas in an orderly fashion and to write concisely.

UPSC Mains Question Paper PDF For Optional Papers

For the UPSC CSE Mains exam, applicants have to choose one optional subject from a list of 48. The optional subjects are divided into Paper 1 and Paper 2. Both papers carry 250 marks each. Candidates should choose optional subjects carefully as it is one of the most important factors that determines the rank of the candidate in the final merit list.

You can download the 2023 UPSC mains optional question papers from the table below:

You can download the literature of languages optional papers from the table below:

For more information about the best optional subject for UPSC , click the link.

Why Should You Go Through UPSC Mains Question Papers

In an exam as tough as the UPSC, it is important to be well-prepared and equipped with all the resources at hand. Apart from covering the UPSC syllabus, candidates should also practice mains answer writing and solve previous years’ UPSC question papers. It is not what you know but what you write on the answer sheet that will fetch you marks. Hence, it is important that you practice answer writing so that you will be able to write the correct answers within the stipulated time and word limit.

For any further assistance, the latest exam updates, study material or preparation tips, turn to BYJU’S for expert assistance.

IAS 2024 - Your dream can come true!

Download the ultimate guide to upsc cse preparation, register with byju's & download free pdfs, register with byju's & watch live videos.

The Sunday Papers

Sundays are for more cat. She’s flop and headbutt-level comfortable around me now, but she still seems a bit terrified of my house in general. I’m going to hang out with her a bunch and see if I can instill some sort of object permanence re: my presence in the home. Before that, let’s read this week’s best writing about games (and game related things!)

“New Madden’s lack of launch week review scores was partially by EA’s design” Stephen Totillo writes for Gamefile

For Madden NFL 25, reviewers received code for the game from EA on its early launch date, August 13, according to a Game File check with four sources familiar with reviews across multiple popular publications. What’s more: EA’s rules for most of the reviewers Game File spoke to explicitly prohibited scored reviews running until August 16. That means that the average person could have run a scored review ahead of the outlets that agreed to EA’s terms, simply by buying the game on the 13th, playing it a lot for the next two days and publishing their take. It “feels like they are still actively shielding Madden from critics,” one reviewer told Game File, asking not to be named out of concern their comment would get their publication heat from EA. An EA representative did not provide any on-the-record comments, when asked about the company’s strategy around Madden reviews.

If you'll allow me to editorialise for a moment: this sucks!

For Polygon, Christian Donlan reviewed puzzle game Malware.

It’s beautifully judged stuff, but I’ve slowly come to realize that Malware works so well as a game for the same reason that malware often works in the real world. These things succeed because they understand that, even before they’ve tried to trick me, I already feel slightly powerless when sat before the bland authority of a computer window. This remains true even when, once I actually think about it, the authority the window seems to possess is not any authority that I remember giving it. This comes down to the awareness that computers are complex and operate in ways that are far beyond my understanding. It means that when they stoop to my level to offer me dialog boxes that I can at least read and parse, I’m already on the back foot. I already feel like I’m not in a position to question very much. I’ve already lost.

"AI is changing video games — and striking performers want their due", writes Mandalit del Barco for NPR.

Norris says the companies are trying to get around paying the body movement performers at the same rate as others, “because essentially at that point they just consider us data.” She says, “I can crawl all over the floor and the walls as such-and-such creature, and they will argue that is not performance, and so that is not subject to their AI protections.” It’s a nuanced distinction: the companies have included “performance capture” in their proposal, including recordings of voice and face performers, but not behind-the-scenes "motion capture" work from body doubles and other movement performers that are used to render motion. But Norris and others like her consider themselves “performance capture artists” – “because if all you were capturing is motion, then why are you hiring a performer?”

Here’s a video of some chill sharks , purely because I found a topic tag named “s-s-s-shark” in the CMS and I wanted to use it. Chat GPT strikes again, this time by (it looks like) fabricating negative quotes from critics in a trailer for the new Coppola film . Ah well, it’s not all bad news. “Tech companies furious at new law that would hold them accountable when their ai does bad stuff,” write Futurism . Turkish Olympic shooter Yusuf Dikec was apparently known on the Japanese Internet as "free-to-play ojisan" due to his lack of fancy cosmetics, via Ex Research . Music this week is “ playlist to be a shark ”. Gotta justify that tag. Have a great weekend!

Announcing the NeurIPS 2023 Paper Awards

Communications Chairs 2023 2023 Conference awards , neurips2023

By Amir Globerson, Kate Saenko, Moritz Hardt, Sergey Levine and Comms Chair, Sahra Ghalebikesabi

We are honored to announce the award-winning papers for NeurIPS 2023! This year’s prestigious awards consist of the Test of Time Award plus two Outstanding Paper Awards in each of these three categories:

Two Outstanding Main Track Papers
Two Outstanding Main Track Runner-Ups
Two Outstanding Datasets and Benchmark Track Papers

This year’s organizers received a record number of paper submissions. Of the 13,300 submitted papers that were reviewed by 968 Area Chairs, 98 senior area chairs, and 396 Ethics reviewers 3,540 were accepted after 502 papers were flagged for ethics reviews .

We thank the awards committee for the main track: Yoav Artzi, Chelsea Finn, Ludwig Schmidt, Ricardo Silva, Isabel Valera, and Mengdi Wang. For the Datasets and Benchmarks track, we thank Sergio Escalera, Isabelle Guyon, Neil Lawrence, Dina Machuve, Olga Russakovsky, Hugo Jair Escalante, Deepti Ghadiyaram, and Serena Yeung. Conflicts of interest were taken into account in the decision process.

Congratulations to all the authors! See Posters Sessions Tue-Thur in Great Hall & B1-B2 (level 1).

Outstanding Main Track Papers

Privacy Auditing with One (1) Training Run Authors: Thomas Steinke · Milad Nasr · Matthew Jagielski

Poster session 2: Tue 12 Dec 5:15 p.m. — 7:15 p.m. CST, #1523

Oral: Tue 12 Dec 3:40 p.m. — 4:40 p.m. CST, Room R06-R09 (level 2)

Abstract: We propose a scheme for auditing differentially private machine learning systems with a single training run. This exploits the parallelism of being able to add or remove multiple training examples independently. We analyze this using the connection between differential privacy and statistical generalization, which avoids the cost of group privacy. Our auditing scheme requires minimal assumptions about the algorithm and can be applied in the black-box or white-box setting. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our framework by applying it to DP-SGD, where we can achieve meaningful empirical privacy lower bounds by training only one model. In contrast, standard methods would require training hundreds of models.

Are Emergent Abilities of Large Language Models a Mirage? Authors: Rylan Schaeffer · Brando Miranda · Sanmi Koyejo

Poster session 6: Thu 14 Dec 5:00 p.m. — 7:00 p.m. CST, #1108

Oral: Thu 14 Dec 3:20 p.m. — 3:35 p.m. CST, Hall C2 (level 1)

Abstract: Recent work claims that large language models display emergent abilities, abilities not present in smaller-scale models that are present in larger-scale models. What makes emergent abilities intriguing is two-fold: their sharpness, transitioning seemingly instantaneously from not present to present, and their unpredictability , appearing at seemingly unforeseeable model scales. Here, we present an alternative explanation for emergent abilities: that for a particular task and model family, when analyzing fixed model outputs, emergent abilities appear due to the researcher’s choice of metric rather than due to fundamental changes in model behavior with scale. Specifically, nonlinear or discontinuous metrics produce apparent emergent abilities, whereas linear or continuous metrics produce smooth, continuous, predictable changes in model performance. We present our alternative explanation in a simple mathematical model, then test it in three complementary ways: we (1) make, test and confirm three predictions on the effect of metric choice using the InstructGPT/GPT-3 family on tasks with claimed emergent abilities, (2) make, test and confirm two predictions about metric choices in a meta-analysis of emergent abilities on BIG-Bench; and (3) show how to choose metrics to produce never-before-seen seemingly emergent abilities in multiple vision tasks across diverse deep networks. Via all three analyses, we provide evidence that alleged emergent abilities evaporate with different metrics or with better statistics, and may not be a fundamental property of scaling AI models.

Outstanding Main Track Runner-Ups

Scaling Data-Constrained Language Models Authors : Niklas Muennighoff · Alexander Rush · Boaz Barak · Teven Le Scao · Nouamane Tazi · Aleksandra Piktus · Sampo Pyysalo · Thomas Wolf · Colin Raffel

Poster session 2: Tue 12 Dec 5:15 p.m. — 7:15 p.m. CST, #813

Oral: Tue 12 Dec 3:40 p.m. — 4:40 p.m. CST, Hall C2 (level 1)

Abstract : The current trend of scaling language models involves increasing both parameter count and training dataset size. Extrapolating this trend suggests that training dataset size may soon be limited by the amount of text data available on the internet. Motivated by this limit, we investigate scaling language models in data-constrained regimes. Specifically, we run a large set of experiments varying the extent of data repetition and compute budget, ranging up to 900 billion training tokens and 9 billion parameter models. We find that with constrained data for a fixed compute budget, training with up to 4 epochs of repeated data yields negligible changes to loss compared to having unique data. However, with more repetition, the value of adding compute eventually decays to zero. We propose and empirically validate a scaling law for compute optimality that accounts for the decreasing value of repeated tokens and excess parameters. Finally, we experiment with approaches mitigating data scarcity, including augmenting the training dataset with code data or removing commonly used filters. Models and datasets from our 400 training runs are freely available at https://github.com/huggingface/datablations .

Direct Preference Optimization: Your Language Model is Secretly a Reward Model Authors: Rafael Rafailov · Archit Sharma · Eric Mitchell · Christopher D Manning · Stefano Ermon · Chelsea Finn

Poster session 6: Thu 14 Dec 5:00 p.m. — 7:00 p.m. CST, #625

Oral: Thu 14 Dec 3:50 p.m. — 4:05 p.m. CST, Ballroom A-C (level 2)

Abstract: While large-scale unsupervised language models (LMs) learn broad world knowledge and some reasoning skills, achieving precise control of their behavior is difficult due to the completely unsupervised nature of their training. Existing methods for gaining such steerability collect human labels of the relative quality of model generations and fine-tune the unsupervised LM to align with these preferences, often with reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF). However, RLHF is a complex and often unstable procedure, first fitting a reward model that reflects the human preferences, and then fine-tuning the large unsupervised LM using reinforcement learning to maximize this estimated reward without drifting too far from the original model. In this paper, we leverage a mapping between reward functions and optimal policies to show that this constrained reward maximization problem can be optimized exactly with a single stage of policy training, essentially solving a classification problem on the human preference data. The resulting algorithm, which we call Direct Preference Optimization (DPO), is stable, performant, and computationally lightweight, eliminating the need for fitting a reward model, sampling from the LM during fine-tuning, or performing significant hyperparameter tuning. Our experiments show that DPO can fine-tune LMs to align with human preferences as well as or better than existing methods. Notably, fine-tuning with DPO exceeds RLHF’s ability to control sentiment of generations and improves response quality in summarization and single-turn dialogue while being substantially simpler to implement and train.

Outstanding Datasets and Benchmarks Papers

In the dataset category :

ClimSim: A large multi-scale dataset for hybrid physics-ML climate emulation

Authors: Sungduk Yu · Walter Hannah · Liran Peng · Jerry Lin · Mohamed Aziz Bhouri · Ritwik Gupta · Björn Lütjens · Justus C. Will · Gunnar Behrens · Julius Busecke · Nora Loose · Charles Stern · Tom Beucler · Bryce Harrop · Benjamin Hillman · Andrea Jenney · Savannah L. Ferretti · Nana Liu · Animashree Anandkumar · Noah Brenowitz · Veronika Eyring · Nicholas Geneva · Pierre Gentine · Stephan Mandt · Jaideep Pathak · Akshay Subramaniam · Carl Vondrick · Rose Yu · Laure Zanna · Tian Zheng · Ryan Abernathey · Fiaz Ahmed · David Bader · Pierre Baldi · Elizabeth Barnes · Christopher Bretherton · Peter Caldwell · Wayne Chuang · Yilun Han · YU HUANG · Fernando Iglesias-Suarez · Sanket Jantre · Karthik Kashinath · Marat Khairoutdinov · Thorsten Kurth · Nicholas Lutsko · Po-Lun Ma · Griffin Mooers · J. David Neelin · David Randall · Sara Shamekh · Mark Taylor · Nathan Urban · Janni Yuval · Guang Zhang · Mike Pritchard

Poster session 4: Wed 13 Dec 5:00 p.m. — 7:00 p.m. CST, #105

Oral: Wed 13 Dec 3:45 p.m. — 4:00 p.m. CST, Ballroom A-C (level 2)

Abstract: Modern climate projections lack adequate spatial and temporal resolution due to computational constraints. A consequence is inaccurate and imprecise predictions of critical processes such as storms. Hybrid methods that combine physics with machine learning (ML) have introduced a new generation of higher fidelity climate simulators that can sidestep Moore’s Law by outsourcing compute-hungry, short, high-resolution simulations to ML emulators. However, this hybrid ML-physics simulation approach requires domain-specific treatment and has been inaccessible to ML experts because of lack of training data and relevant, easy-to-use workflows. We present ClimSim, the largest-ever dataset designed for hybrid ML-physics research. It comprises multi-scale climate simulations, developed by a consortium of climate scientists and ML researchers. It consists of 5.7 billion pairs of multivariate input and output vectors that isolate the influence of locally-nested, high-resolution, high-fidelity physics on a host climate simulator’s macro-scale physical state. The dataset is global in coverage, spans multiple years at high sampling frequency, and is designed such that resulting emulators are compatible with downstream coupling into operational climate simulators. We implement a range of deterministic and stochastic regression baselines to highlight the ML challenges and their scoring. The data (https://huggingface.co/datasets/LEAP/ClimSim_high-res) and code (https://leap-stc.github.io/ClimSim) are released openly to support the development of hybrid ML-physics and high-fidelity climate simulations for the benefit of science and society.

In the benchmark category :

DecodingTrust: A Comprehensive Assessment of Trustworthiness in GPT Models

Authors: Boxin Wang · Weixin Chen · Hengzhi Pei · Chulin Xie · Mintong Kang · Chenhui Zhang · Chejian Xu · Zidi Xiong · Ritik Dutta · Rylan Schaeffer · Sang Truong · Simran Arora · Mantas Mazeika · Dan Hendrycks · Zinan Lin · Yu Cheng · Sanmi Koyejo · Dawn Song · Bo Li

Poster session 1: Tue 12 Dec 10:45 a.m. — 12:45 p.m. CST, #1618

Oral: Tue 12 Dec 10:30 a.m. — 10:45 a.m. CST, Ballroom A-C (Level 2)

Abstract: Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT) models have exhibited exciting progress in capabilities, capturing the interest of practitioners and the public alike. Yet, while the literature on the trustworthiness of GPT models remains limited, practitioners have proposed employing capable GPT models for sensitive applications to healthcare and finance – where mistakes can be costly. To this end, this work proposes a comprehensive trustworthiness evaluation for large language models with a focus on GPT-4 and GPT-3.5, considering diverse perspectives – including toxicity, stereotype bias, adversarial robustness, out-of-distribution robustness, robustness on adversarial demonstrations, privacy, machine ethics, and fairness. Based on our evaluations, we discover previously unpublished vulnerabilities to trustworthiness threats. For instance, we find that GPT models can be easily misled to generate toxic and biased outputs and leak private information in both training data and conversation history. We also find that although GPT-4 is usually more trustworthy than GPT-3.5 on standard benchmarks, GPT-4 is more vulnerable given jailbreaking system or user prompts, potentially due to the reason that GPT-4 follows the (misleading) instructions more precisely. Our work illustrates a comprehensive trustworthiness evaluation of GPT models and sheds light on the trustworthiness gaps. Our benchmark is publicly available at https://decodingtrust.github.io/.

Test of Time

This year, following the usual practice, we chose a NeurIPS paper from 10 years ago to receive the Test of Time Award, and “ Distributed Representations of Words and Phrases and their Compositionality ” by Tomas Mikolov, Ilya Sutskever, Kai Chen, Greg Corrado, and Jeffrey Dean, won.

Published at NeurIPS 2013 and cited over 40,000 times, the work introduced the seminal word embedding technique word2vec. Demonstrating the power of learning from large amounts of unstructured text, the work catalyzed progress that marked the beginning of a new era in natural language processing.

Greg Corrado and Jeffrey Dean will be giving a talk about this work and related research on Tuesday, 12 Dec at 3:05 – 3:25 pm CST in Hall F.

2023 Conference

Announcing NeurIPS 2023 Invited Talks

Reflections on the neurips 2023 ethics review process, neurips newsletter – november 2023.

Judge Greg Mathis nears divorce after wife Linda files papers

Former star of chicago’s ‘judge mathis’ has been married 39 years..

Judge Greg Mathis and wife Linda Mathis attend a Sugar Ray Leonard Foundation benefit in Beverly Hills, California, on May 24, 2023.

Jon Kopaloff/Getty Images

Judge Greg Mathis and his wife, Linda Mathis, are headed for divorce court.

According to court documents obtained by E! News and Today, the wife to the reality TV judge filed for divorce Thursday. The pair, who live in Los Angeles and have been married 39 years, starred with their family on the 2022 E! reality show “Mathis Family Matters” which brought fans behind-the-scenes of Judge Mathis’ life beyond the bench.

The two married in 1985 and have four adult children: Jade, 39, Camara, 36, Greg Jr., 35, and Amir, 34.

In 2022, Judge Mathis’ Chicago-based show “Judge Mathis” was canceled alongside another TV court show “The People’s Court,” hosted by Marilyn Milian. On the syndicated shows, the judges presided over disagreeing parties with situations to be settled by binding arbitration in a courtroom set. (Reruns continue to be shown on The U, The U Too and OWN, and stream on Tubi.)

Then, court was back in session for the popular TV personality last year.

Mathis was tapped to host the Los Angeles-based series “Mathis Court with Judge Mathis,” which airs on The U.

“Judge Greg Mathis is an outstanding, charismatic and iconic television host, and we are extremely confident that our eighth and newest court series with Judge Mathis will be very successful for years to come as he joins our outstanding roster of talent,” Byron Allen, CEO of Allen Media Group, said when announcing the new show.

Mathis, a former District Court judge in Michigan, first appeared in the pilot episode of “Judge Mathis” in 1998. Twenty years later in 2018, the show won a Daytime Emmy for outstanding court program.

“Mathis Family Matters” followed the highs and lows of marriage and family as Judge Mathis and Linda Mathis navigated their big family with kids and grandkids.

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Firm Adaptation to Climate Change

We survey the microeconomics literature that studies how firms in the developing world are adapting to extreme weather, local pollution, and natural disasters. Climate change increases the uncertainty that every firm must address as it decides where and how to produce and who to trade with. We study how expectations, market structure and firm heterogeneity determine investment in self-protection. A firm’s resilience also depends on government policies, market insurance access and infrastructure investments. We explore the strategic interactions between firms and governments that together determine firm risk exposure. We discuss benchmarks for measuring adaptation progress at the firm, industry and macroeconomic level.

The authors are immensely grateful to Arlan Brucal for his work in the early phases of this project. The authors also thank Yewon Choi for her research support and Robert Huang, Somik Lall, Denis Medvedev and Forhad Shilpi for their thoughtful comments and suggestions. Kahn thanks the USC Wrigley Institute for Environment and Sustainability for generous funding. The views expressed in this paper are solely those of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of the World Bank, its Executive Directors, the countries they represent, or the National Bureau of Economic Research.

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UPSC Mains 2023
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ESSAY QUESTION PAPER : UPSC Civil Services IAS Exam MAINS 2023
DOWNLOAD ESSAY QUESTION PAPER : UPSC CSE MAINS 2023 [here] Thinking is like a game, it does not begin unless there is an opposite team. Visionary decision-making happens at the intersection of intuition and logic. Not all who wander are lost.
Civil Services (Main) Examination, 2023
10/07/2023: Question Paper : Essay General Studies Paper - I, General Studies Paper - II, ... Civil Services (Main) Examination, 2023. Swipe to view . Document Type Document Date of Upload ; Important Notice : Notice-CSM-23 ...
Essay Paper UPSC 2023 (Mains) Question Paper and Analysis
Essay Question Paper: UPSC Civil Services Main Exam (Written) 2023. The question paper of the UPSC CSE mains essay paper is provided here. Write two essays, choosing one topic from each of the following Sections A and B, in about 1000-1200 words each: UPSC CSE 2025: Study Plan ⇓. (1) ⇒ UPSC 2025: Prelims cum Mains.
UPSC Mains 2023 Essay Question Paper: Download PDF
The UPSC essay question paper 2023 is available for download. The UPSC is divided into 2 sections i.e. Section A and Section B. Each section contains 4 questions each from different topics where ...
UPSC Mains Question Paper 2023
The pattern of the UPSC Mains 2023 question paper consists of a comprehensive assessment designed to evaluate the knowledge, analytical abilities, and writing skills of aspirants for various civil services positions in India. There are 9 papers in total, and all are descriptive in nature. Analysing the UPSC Mains 2023 paper will help you ...
UPSC Essay Paper 2023, UPSC Essay Paper Download
UPSC Mains 2023 Essay Paper Topics. Choose one topic from each section. Word limit: 1000 - 1200 words. [125 X 2=250] Section A. Thinking is like a game, it does not begin unless there is an opposite team.
PDF UPSC
/ ESSAY Time Allowed : Three Hours SKYC-G-ESSY : 250 Maximum Marks : 250 (?l.û.q.) Question Paper Specific Instructions Please read each of the following instructions carefully before attempting questions : The ESSAY must be written in the medium authorized in the Admission Certificate which must ... 9/15/2023 3:12:07 PM ...
Essay Previous Year Papers
Essay Previous Year Papers. This just in: UPSC CSE Notification 2024 Mains Marathon 2024 UPSC IFoS Prelims Result 2024 UPSC CSE Prelims Result 2024 UPSC Prelims 2024 CSAT (Answer Key) Revised Answer Key UPSC Prelims 2024 GS 1 UPSC Prelims 2024 CSAT UPSC Prelims 2024 GS 1 UPSC Calendar 2025 Final Result - Civil Services Examination 2023 UPSC ...
[Download] UPSC Mains 2023
Download UPSC Mains Essay Paper 2023. UPSC Mains 2023 Essay Paper. Write two essays, choosing one topic from each of the following Sections A and B, in about 1000-1200 words each: Section A. 1. Thinking is like a game, it does not begin unless there is an opposite team.
Essay Question Paper (Analysis & Solutions)
This topic of "Essay Question Paper (Analysis & Solutions) - UPSC Civil Services Mains 2023" is important from the perspective of the UPSC IAS Examination, which falls under General Studies Portion. Questions. Write two essays, choosing one topic from each of the following Sections A and B, in about 1000 - 1200 words each: (125×2=250 ...
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Home » UPSC Mains: Syllabus, Question Papers, Mock Tests, Art of Answer Writing. Mains GS Papers Topicwise from 2013-2023. Mrunal's Model Answers for UPSC GSM-2020 Paper. Mains GS Paper1: History, Social Science, Geography. Mains GS Paper2: Polity, Governance,International Relation. Mains GS Paper3: Economy, Environment, Sci-Tech, Internal ...
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UPSC Civil Services IAS Exam MAINS 2023 "Essay Paper 2023" Marks : 250 (125×2) Duration: 3 hours Exam Date: 15-09-2023 Subject: Essay Paper 2023 . SECTION - A. Thinking is like a game, it does not begin unless there is an opposite team.
UPSC Essay Paper 2023 Analysis, Check PDF Download Link
The Essay Paper of UPSC Mains 2023 is available in PDF format. The exam was successfully administered by UPSC at Forenoon on September 15, 2023. 9:00 AM - 12:00 PM, session. The UPSC Essay Paper is of 250 Marks. Candidates can check the UPSC Essay Paper 2023 PDF Link below.
UPSC CSE 2023 Mains Essay Paper Model Answers
The UPSC Civil Services Main Examination 2023 began with an Essay paper. There were eight essay topics separated into two groups, and aspirants were supposed to write on two of them in three hours, one from each. Candidates were asked to write 1000-1200 words for each essay. Thinking is like a game, it does not begin unless there is an opposite ...
Essay Question Paper
September 18, 2023. 1 Min Read. The first paper of UPSC Mains 2023, that is the Essay paper, was conducted today. Following are the takeaways from it: This year also we see the dominance of Philosophical essays. Each and every topic can be said to be a Quote. However, one thing which makes this essay paper easier than the one last year is the ...
UPSC MAINS 2023 Essay Paper Discussion (Section-A)
Vajiram and Ravi will be releasing a series of explanation videos for the topics which were asked in the civil service main exam 2023, to help students under...
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UPSC Mains 2023 Paper Analysis: Check out the live streaming of UPSC Essay, GS 1, GS 2 Paper analysis by top educators. Share. Index. Question Papers Model Ans. Essay 2023 ... UPSC CSE 2023: Essay Paper in Hindi and English - 15 September - Questions Section-A (write any one) 1. Thinking is like a game, it does not begin unless there is an ...
UPSC Mains 2023 Question Papers- Essay
As we all know that UPSC CSE Mains examination is going on and all the future aspirants will be looking for the question paper everywhere. Therefore, for your convenience, we are creating a single post, where we will list out all the UPSC mains 2023 Question Papers.You will be able to access all the related posts released by us, in the below given list.
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GS II - TEST 6. Analytics Test- 06. GS IV - TEST 8. Analytics Test- 08. ESSAY TEST - 5. Access UPSC Toppers' Answer Sheets 2023 - Download PDFs from Mains test series, Optional Test series & Interview Guidance program & enhance your preparation.
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With the GS Mains papers behind you, the focus now shifts to the Abhyaas Essay and Optional Tests scheduled for 31st August and 1st September, respectively. These upcoming tests are crucial, and a ...
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UPSC Mains 2023: Paper II 16 Sep 2023 download. UPSC Mains 2023: Essay Paper 15 Sep 2023 download. Newsletter Subscription. Subscribe Now. SMS Alerts. Subscribe Now. Reach Us 12, Main AB Road, Bhawar Kuan, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 452007 ...
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The UPSC Mains 2023 commenced on 15th September 2023 with the Essay Paper. The IAS Mains 2023 will conclude on 24th September 2023 with the optional papers. The UPSC Mains is the second step in the entire civil services exam process. Candidates who clear the mains exam will be called for the final leg of the exam, that is, the UPSC Personality ...
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The Sunday Papers is our weekly roundup of great writing about (mostly) videogames from across the web. Sundays are for more cat. She's flop and headbutt-level comfortable around me now, but she still seems a bit terrified of my house in general.
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Previous Years Papers. GS Paper-I (Year Wise) GS Paper-I (Subject Wise) CSAT. CSAT Strategy; CSAT MCQs; Previous Years Papers; ... 2023. 15 Sep 2023; 1 min read; Section-A. Q1. Thinking is like a game, it does not begin unless there is an opposite team. ... 12, Main AB Road, Bhawar Kuan, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 452007
The Potential Long-Run Implications of a Permanently-Expanded Child Tax
In addition to working papers, the NBER disseminates affiliates' latest findings through a range of free periodicals — the NBER Reporter, the NBER Digest, the Bulletin on Retirement and Disability, the Bulletin on Health, and the Bulletin on Entrepreneurship — as well as online conference reports, video lectures, and interviews.
Announcing the NeurIPS 2023 Paper Awards
Announcing the NeurIPS 2023 Paper Awards By Amir Globerson, Kate Saenko, Moritz Hardt, Sergey Levine and Comms Chair, Sahra Ghalebikesabi . We are honored to announce the award-winning papers for NeurIPS 2023! This year's prestigious awards consist of the Test of Time Award plus two Outstanding Paper Awards in each of these three categories: . Two Outstanding Main Track Papers
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Model Essays
Mains Marathon 2024 UPSC IFoS Prelims Result 2024 UPSC CSE Prelims Result 2024 UPSC Prelims 2024 CSAT ... Previous Years Papers. GS Paper-I (Year Wise) GS Paper-I (Subject Wise) CSAT. CSAT Strategy; CSAT MCQs; Previous Years Papers; ... 2023; Be MAINS Ready. 2021; 2020; 2019; Mains Syllabus & Strategy. Mains GS Syllabus;
Firm Adaptation to Climate Change
In addition to working papers, the NBER disseminates affiliates' latest findings through a range of free periodicals — the NBER Reporter, the NBER Digest, the Bulletin on Retirement and Disability, the Bulletin on Health, and the Bulletin on Entrepreneurship — as well as online conference reports, video lectures, and interviews.

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ESSAY QUESTION PAPER : UPSC Civil Services IAS Exam MAINS 2023

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Essay Question Paper: UPSC Civil Services Main Exam (Written) 2023

UPSC Mains Essay Paper 2023: Exam Analysis

Thinking is like a game, it does not begin unless there is an opposite team

Visionary decision-making happens at the intersection of intuition and logic.

Not all who wander are lost

Inspiration for creativity springs from the effort to look for the magical in the mundane

Girls are weighed down by restrictions, boys with demands- two equally harmful disciplines

Mathematics is the music of reasons

A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity

Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in school

What Should Aspirants Preparing for UPSC CSE for Next Year do for an essay paper?

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UPSC Essay Paper 2023 Detailed Discussion Question-wise

1. Thinking is like a game, it does not begin unless there is an opposite team.

2. Visionary decision making happen at the intersection of intuition and logic

3. Not all who wander are lost

4. Inspiration for creativity springs from the effort to look for the magical in the mundane

5. Girls are weighed down by restrictions, boys with demands – two equally harmful disciplines

6. Mathematics is the ‘music of reason’

7. A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity

8. Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in the school

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