11 – 8 = ? RESULTS BOX: |
13 – 5 = ? RESULTS BOX: |
2 – 15 = ? RESULTS BOX: |
9 – 14 = ? RESULTS BOX: |
Subtracting integers is the process of finding the difference between two integers. It may result in an increase or a decrease in value, depending on whether the integers are positive or negative or a mix. The subtraction of integers is an arithmetic operation performed on integers with the same sign or with different signs to find the difference. Let us learn more about subtracting integers in this article.
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There are certain rules to be followed to subtract two integers. Integers are complete numbers that do not have fractional parts. It includes positive integers, zero, and negative integers. The rules for subtracting integers are given below:
The table given below shows the subtracting integer rules with examples.
When we subtract two integers with the same sign, we subtract their absolute values and place the common sign in the result. The absolute value of a number is the positive value of the given number. For an instance, the absolute value of 6 is 6, the absolute value of -6 is 6, etc. For subtraction of integers, we change the sign of the subtrahend. For example, -2 -(-5), can be written as -2 + 5. Now, the absolute value of 5 is 5, and of -2 is 2. By subtracting 2 from 5, we get 3. Since 5 > 2, the sign of the answer will be the same as the sign of 5, which is positive. Therefore, -2 -(-5) = 3.
Here, it is important to note that every subtraction fact can be written as an addition fact. For example, 4 - 7 is the same as 4 + (-7).
Some examples of subtracting integers with the same sign are given below:
Subtracting two integers with different signs is done by changing the sign of the integer that is subtracted. Then, we need to check if both the integers become positive, the result will be positive and if both the integers are negative, then the result will be negative. For example, if we want to subtract -9 from 5, that is 5 - (-9), we will change the sign of 9 and then add the integers, which means it will be 5 + 9 = 14. Therefore, 5 - (-9) = 14.
This can also be understood with another method in which we add the absolute values, and then attach the sign of the minuend with the result. For example, if we want to subtract -9 from 5, first we find the absolute values of both. The absolute value of -9 is 9, and of 5 is 5. Now, find the sum of these absolute values which is 9 + 5 = 14. As 5 is the minuend here with a positive sign, so the answer sign will be positive. Therefore, 5 - (-9) = 14.
The subtraction of integers on a number line is based on the given principles:
Now, let us learn how to subtract integers on a number line. The first step is to choose a scale on the number line. For example, if we want to plot numbers in multiples of 1, 5, 10, 50, etc., depending on the given integers. For example, in subtracting 10 from -30 we can take a scale of 10 on the number line to ease our work. However, if we have to subtract -2 from 7, we can take a scale of counting numbers starting from 1. Then, we need to express the given subtraction expression into an addition fact by changing the sign of the subtrahend.
The next step is to locate any one of the integers on the number line, preferably a number with a greater absolute value. For example, if you need to subtract 4 from 29, it is better if we locate 29 on the line first and then take 4 jumps towards the left, rather than locating -4 and then taking 29 jumps.
The third and final step is to add the second integer to the number located in the previous step by taking jumps either to the left or to the right depending on whether the number is positive or negative.
Let us take an example to understand this better.
Example: Subtract -4 from -7
Solution: For subtracting integers on a number line let us follow the steps given below:
Therefore, -3 is the required answer.
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Example 1: Subtract the given integers by using the rules for subtracting integers.
Subtract -56 from -90
Solution: This question is based on subtracting two integers with the same sign. Here, if we write it in the form of an expression, we get -90 - (-56). This can be written as -90 + 56. Let us find the difference between the absolute values. So, 90 - 56 is 34. Since 90 > 56, the answer sign will be the same as the sign of 90 which is negative. Therefore, -90 - (-56) = -34.
Example 2: By using subtracting integers rules, find out which number should be added to 43 to get -20 as the answer?
Solution: Let x be the number that should be added to 43 to get -20. So, we can form an equation in terms of x.
x + 43 = -20
To find the missing value, we need to solve the equation.
x = -20 -43
Therefore, -63 has to be added to 43 to get -20.
Example 3: Subtract -7 from -12 using the rules of subtracting integers.
Solution: This question is based on subtracting integers with the same sign. Here, we have to subtract two integers with the same sign, -12 and -7.
-12 - (-7) = -12 + 7
Therefore, the difference between -12 and -7 is -5.
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How to subtract integers.
Subtracting integers involves certain rules that need to be followed. The basic rules for subtracting integers are given below:
If both integers are negative, then to subtract them, we will first write it as an addition fact. Then, we find the difference between their absolute values and attach the sign of the number with the greater absolute value with the result. For example, let us subtract -45 from -23. It can be written as -23 - (-45). We can re-write it as -23 + 45. Now, the difference between the absolute values is 45 - 23 = 22. Since 45 >23, the answer sign will be the same as the sign of 45 which is positive. Therefore, -23 - (-45) = 22.
The general rule for subtracting integers is given as follows:
Subtraction of integers is done by changing the sign of the subtrahend. After this step, if both numbers are of the same sign, then we add the absolute values and attach the common sign. For example, 1 - (-9) can be written as 1 + 9 after changing the sign of the subtrahend, which gives the result as 1 + 9 = 10. In another example, if after changing the sign of the subtrahend we get both the numbers with different signs, then we find the difference of the absolute values and write the sign of the bigger number. For example, in -4 - (-8), Here, we get -4 + 8, so after finding the difference of the absolute values we get 4 and the sign of the bigger number is positive, so we will write the answer as 4.
For subtracting integers with different signs, we follow the steps given below. Let us subtract -5 from 6. This means 6 - (-5)
To subtract integers with the same sign, we first change the sign of the subtrahend. Then, find the difference between the absolute values of both the integers. Attach the sign of the number with the greater absolute value with the answer. For example, (-9) - (-3) = -9 + 3 = -6.
Addition and subtraction are inverse operations. It means every addition expression can be expressed in subtraction and vice-versa. Subtracting integers is related to adding integers because both can be expressed in each other's form. For example, we can write 12 + (-9) as 12 - 9. Similarly, we can write - 23 - 5 as -23 + (-5).
The first step in subtracting integers is to change the sign of the subtrahend. After this, the procedure of subtraction can be followed. For example, if we need to subtract 8 from 13, we can write it as, 13 - (+8). Now, we can change the sign of the subtrahend which is 8 and it becomes 13 - 8. Now, we can the difference of 13 and 8 which is 5 and the sign of the result will be the sign of the bigger number. In this case it is positive so 13 - 8 = 5
Some examples of the subtraction of integers are listed below:
Subtracting integers.
If you know how to add integers , I’m sure that you can also subtract integers. The key step is to transform an integer subtraction problem into an integer addition problem. The process is very simple. Here’s how:
Step 1 : Transform the subtraction of integers problem into addition of integers problem. Here’s how:
Step 2 : Proceed with the regular addition of the integers.
Note that you will eventually add integers. So for your convenience, here’s a quick summary of the rules on how to add integers.
Add their absolute values then keep the common sign.
Subtract their absolute values (larger absolute value minus smaller absolute value) then take the sign of the number with the larger absolute value.
Example 1 : Subtract the integers below.
We will need to transform the problem from subtraction to addition. To do that, we keep the first number which is –13, change the operation from subtraction to addition, then switch the sign of + 4 to – 4.
The final step is to proceed with regular addition. Add their absolute values. Then we determine the sign of the final answer. Since we are adding integers with the same sign, we will keep the common sign which in this case is negative.
Example 2 : Subtract the integers below.
Just like before, convert a subtraction problem to an addition problem. Positive 9 remains, switch the operation from “minus” to “plus” then get the opposite sign of the subtrahend (second number) from negative to positive.
Now, let’s add them. We are adding two positive integers so we expect the answer to be positive as well because the common sign is positive.
Example 3 : Find the difference of the two integers.
I hope you are already getting the hang of it. Let’s make this an addition of integers problem first then proceed with regular addition of integers with different signs.
So we subtract their absolute values first then get the sign of the number with larger absolute value.
Subtracting the absolute values, we have 24 minus 19 which gives us +5. But the final answer is – 5 because the sign comes from – 24.
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A and S Integers
Here you will learn strategies on how to add and subtract integers, including using visual models as well as the number line.
Students will first learn about integers in 6th grade math as part of their work with the number system and expand that knowledge to operations with integers in the 7th grade.
Every week, we teach lessons on adding and subtracting integers to students in schools and districts across the US as part of our online one-on-one math tutoring programs. On this page we’ve broken down everything we’ve learnt about teaching this topic effectively.
Adding and subtracting integers is when you add or subtract two or more positive or negative numbers together.
You can add and subtract integers using visual models or a number line.
Adding Integers \hspace{2cm}
Visual model with counters: There are no zero-pairs. | Number line: Start at 3 and move 2 places in the |
Visual model with counters: There are two negative counters left. | Number line: Start at -5 and move three places in |
Visual model with counters: There are two zero pairs with four | Number line: Start at 6 and move two places in |
Visual model with counters: There are no zero pairs. There are | Number line: Start at -3 and move 4 places in the |
Subtracting Integers \hspace{2cm}
Visual model with counters: There are three negative counters. | Number line: From -2 move left one unit to -3, |
Visual model with counters: There are five negative counters left. | Number line: From +2 move left 5 units to -3, |
Visual model with counters: There are three negative counters left. | Number line: From +5 move left three units to +2, |
Use this quiz to check your grade 2, 3, 4 and 7 students’ understanding of addition and subtraction. 15+ questions with answers covering a range of 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 7th grade addition and subtraction topics to identify areas of strength and support!
How does this apply to 6th grade math and 7th grade math?
In order to add and subtract integers using counters:
The answer is the leftover counters.
In order to add and subtract integers using a number line:
To add, start at the first number and move to the second number; to subtract, start from the second number and move to the first number.
Write your answer.
Example 1: adding integers with different signs using counters.
Add: -2 + 7 = \, ?
Represent the problem with counters, identifying zero pairs with addition or adding zero pairs when necessary for subtraction.
There are two zero pairs with 5 positive counters left.
2 The answer is the leftover counters.
Answer: -2 + 7 = 5
Subtract: -4-(-5) = \, ?
-4 remove -5. Add 1 zero pair in order to remove -5.
-4-(-5) = 1
Add: -8 + (-5) = \, ?
-8 + (-5) is addition. Start at -8 and move in the negative direction (left) 5 places. You land at -13.
-8 + (-5) = -13
Solve: 7-(+9) = \, ?
From positive 9 move in the negative direction until you get to 7. You move 2 places to the left, which is -2.
7-(+9) = -2
This adding and subtracting integers topic guide is part of our series on adding and subtracting. You may find it helpful to start with the main adding and subtracting topic guide for a summary of what to expect or use the step-by-step guides below for further detail on individual topics. Other topic guides in this series include:
1. Look at the model below to add -7 + 6.
There are 6 zero pairs with one negative counter leftover.
-7 + 6 = -1
2. Subtract: -15-(9) = \, ?
Using the rule, change the sign of the second number, +9 becomes -9.
Then add the two numbers together.
-15 + (-9) = -24
From 9 move left 24 units, you get to -15.
So, -15-(9) = -24
3. Add: 8 + (-19) = \, ?
Using the rule, since the signs of the numbers are different, the difference between 8 and 19 is 11.
19 is the larger number, and it is negative, so the sum will be negative.
8 + (-19) = -11
You can also check your answer using a number line.
Start at 8 and move 19 places in the negative direction. You land at -11.
4. Subtract: -14-(-8) = \, ?
Using the rule for subtracting integers, change the sign of the second number.
-8 will become +8.
Then add the number to the first one, -14 + 8 = -6
You can also use a number line to check your answer.
From -8 move left 6 places until you get to -14.
So, -14-(-8) = -6
5. Add: -13 + (-12) = \, ?
Using the rule, the signs of the numbers are both negative, so add the numbers.
The sum is negative too.
-12 + (-13) = -25
6. On a February day in Chicago, the morning temperature was -3 degrees Fahrenheit. Later that day, the temperature increased by 4 degrees. What is the new temperature in degrees?
-3 increased by 4 degrees is -3 + 4.
The signs of the numbers are different.
The difference between 3 and 4 is 1.
4 is the larger number, so the sum is positive.
Yes, using the number line when adding and subtracting integers will always work. However, it might not always be the fastest way to get the answer.
A zero pair is a number and its opposite. For example, 5 and -5 are a zero pair. The opposite of positive integers is negative integers.
The sum of zero pairs is an additive inverse because the sum is 0.
Addition of integers and subtraction of integers help when simplifying algebraic expressions and also when factoring algebraic expressions.
The positive sign does not necessarily need to be written in front of a number. For example, +5 is the same as 5. The positive sign is understood.
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Mastering the art of tackling word problems involving the addition and subtraction of integers is a vital skill in the mathematical universe. Integers, which include positive, negative, and zero, are more nuanced than their natural number counterparts. To craft a highly detailed, comprehensive, and sophisticated guide, let's dive into the labyrinth of integers, unraveling the mystery of word problems step-by-step.
Here is a step-by-step guide to solving word problems of integers addition and subtraction:
The journey begins with an intensive reading of the word problem. Identify the integers involved, noting their signs (\(+\) or \(-\)), and the operations stated or implied (addition or subtraction). Understand the context and constraints of the problem to guide your strategy.
Next, determine what the problem demands you to find. This could be an unknown quantity or a relationship between different quantities. Assign variables to these unknowns, typically ‘\(x\)’, ‘\(y\)’, or ‘\(z\)’.
Now, morph the word problem into an equivalent mathematical expression or equation. Expressions such as “increased by” or “more than” often signify addition, while “decreased by” or “less than” hint towards subtraction. This translation serves as a bridge between the narrative of the problem and the mathematical steps to solve it.
Based on your translation, construct an equation or a system of equations that encapsulate the conditions outlined in the problem. Be vigilant of the signs of the integers; a positive integer added to a negative integer can be treated as subtraction and vice versa.
Once your equation(s) are set, deploy your arithmetic and algebraic skills to solve them. Remember the basic rules of integer arithmetic, such as the fact that subtracting a negative integer is equivalent to adding a positive one.
Substitute your solution back into the original equation(s) to verify its correctness. If it stands the test, your solution is accurate. If it fails, reexamine your steps to identify potential missteps or miscalculations.
The final act is responding to the original question asked in the problem. Ensure your answer aligns with the question and is phrased appropriately, incorporating units if necessary.
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One of the first things in math that we learn is counting. We count fingers, toys, apples, and oranges. What if you have $$5$$ apples, but then you eat $$1$$ of them? How will you determine how many apples you have left? You’re actually subtracting $$1$$ from the number of apples you already have. Then we learn how to subtract more than one at a time – this is called subtracting whole numbers: $$5-1=4$$.
But what if the minuend (the amount you’re subtracting from) is less than the subtrahend (the amount you’re subtracting)? This is where we put whole numbers aside, and where integers come into the picture!
Subtracting integers means performing subtraction over a set of integer numbers. An integer is any number from a set of whole numbers and their additive inverses – the numbers with the same absolute value but an opposite sign:
‘’Wait… what is the absolute value of a number?!’’
Good question! The absolute value of a number is that same number, but without the sign in front of it. Why? Because the absolute value actually shows what the distance is from that number to $$0$$ on the number line. For example, the absolute value of $$|-4|=4$$. That’s the distance from $$-4$$ to $$0$$ on the number line; $$4$$ units:
The minuend tells us where to start on the number line. The sign on the subtrahend will tell us which way to move on the number line. The absolute value of the second summand is just the number without its sign.
Besides the fact that subtracting integers is one of the first basic things we learn in math, think of it this way: there are many real-life problems it can solve! For example, a mountain’s highest point is $$161$$ meters, and the deepest point in the sea beneath it is $$80$$ meters. What is the height difference between those two points?
This problem can be solved by subtracting integers. When we need to find the height difference, we need to subtract the numbers. In this case, this means we need to subtract the deepest point from the highest point and since the deepest point is $$80$$ meters below the sea surface, we can represent it with an integer $$-80$$.
Now, it all comes down to a simple math problem of subtracting integers:
Now that we know what are integers and why they’re useful, it’s time to see it in action! Let’s walk through a problem together.
Subtract the integers:
Determine the absolute value of each number:
$$|3|=3, |-5|=5$$
Notice that the negative number $$-5$$ has a greater absolute value since $$5$$ is greater than $$3$$. Hence, keep the negative sign of $$-5$$, and subtract the lesser absolute value $$3$$ from the greater one, $$5$$.
$$-(5-{3})$$
Subtract the numbers inside the parentheses:
Remember, to factor out a term from an expression means to extract that term from all the terms in the expression. So, factor out the negative sign:
$${-}({5+8})$$
Add the numbers $$5$$ and $$8$$:
That wasn’t so bad, right? Now that we’ve walked through detailed examples, let’s review the overall process so you can learn how to use it with any problem:
Practicing math concepts like this one is a great way to prepare yourself for the math journey to come! So, when you’re ready, we’ve got some practice problems for you!
If you’re still struggling with the solving process, that’s totally okay! Stumbling a few times is good for the learning process. If you get stuck or lost, scan the problem using your Photomath app and we’ll walk you through it!
Here’s a sneak peek of what you’ll see:
What is meant by subtracting integers in math, rules for subtracting integers, properties of subtraction of integers, solved examples on subtracting integers, practice problems on subtracting integers, frequently asked questions on subtracting integers.
Subtracting integers is the method of finding the difference between two integers. These two integers may have the same sign or different signs. The set of integers is represented by
Z={…,-3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3,…} .
If we subtract the integer b from the integer a, we write it as a – b.
Example: Subtract 7 from 9.
9 – 7 = 2
We can also write every subtraction problem as an addition problem. Replace the – sign by + sign, and replace the second integer by its additive inverse . This can be written symbolically as
a – b = a + (-b)
Finally, you can find the answer using the rules for adding integers.
Additive inverse of an integer is written by simply removing its sign, keeping only the numerical value.
Examples:
Additive inverse of 7 is -7.
Additive inverse of -9 is 9.
Subtracting integers is the method of finding the difference between two integers having the same or different signs.
Subtraction of integers can be written as the addition of the first number and the additive inverse of the second number.
More Worksheets
When we subtract one number from another, the number being subtracted is called subtrahend , the first number is called minuend .
Any addition fact can be written as a subtraction fact. Also, any subtraction fact can be written as an addition fact. So, the rules for adding integers and the rules for subtracting integers correspond to each other.
Positive integer + Positive integer | (+a) + (+b) | +(a + b) | 5 + 7 = 12 |
Negative integer + Negative integer | (-a) + (-b) | -(a + b) | (-7)+(-5)=-(7+5)=-12 |
Negative integer + Positive integer | (-a) + (+b) | +(b – a) or -(a – b) | (-7)+5=-(7-5)=-2 |
Positive integer + Negative integer | (+a) + (-b) | +(a – b) or -(b – a) | 7+(-5)=7-5=2 |
If we subtract 0 from any integer, the answer will be the integer itself.a – 0 = aIf we subtract any integer from 0, we will find the additive inverse or the opposite of the integer. 0 – a = -a | |
If you subtract a smaller integer from a larger integer, the sign of the result will be positive. | |
If you subtract a larger integer from a smaller integer, the sign of the answer will be negative. | |
: | Subtraction of two integers can be written as sum of the first integer and the additive inverse of the second integer.a – b = a + (-b)Use the rules for adding integers to find the answer. |
When subtracting two positive integers, first subtract the smaller number from the larger number. The sign of the final answer will bei) positive when subtracting a smaller number from a larger number ii) negative when subtracting a larger number from a smaller number | |
When subtracting two negative integers, change the subtraction sign to addition and change the sign of the second number. Next, perform the addition using the rules for adding integers. (-9)-(-3)=(-9)+3=-(9-3)=-6(-1)-(-4)=(-1)+4=4-1=3 | |
Change the middle – sign to + sign and replace the second number by its additive inverse. Next, perform the addition using the rules for adding integers. Here, we have two cases. – Here, the result will always have a negative sign since we are subtracting a larger number from a smaller number. (-5) -( 2) = (-5) + (-2) = -7 – Here, the result will always have a positive sign since we are subtracting a larger number from a smaller number. : |
(+) – (+) | Subtract | Sign of the larger integer | 9-4=54-7=-3 |
(-) – (-) | Subtract | Sign of the larger integer | (-9)-(-5)=-9+5=-4 |
(+) – (-) | Add | + | (7) – (-2)=7+2=9 |
(-) – (+) | Add | – | (-1) – (8)=(-1)+(-8)=-9 |
The most simple rule to remember when subtracting integers is to convert the problem as the addition problem and use the rules for adding integers.
i) Positive integer – Positive integer
Here, the order of the numbers is important to decide the sign of the answer.
The answer of the result will be positive when subtracting a smaller number from a larger number.
30 – 13 = 17
The answer of the result will be negative when subtracting a larger number from a smaller number.
4 – 7 = -3
ii) Negative integer – Negative integer
Change the problem to an addition problem and follow the rules for addition of integers.
(-5)-(-1) = (-5)+1 =-4
(-2) – (-5) = -2 + 5 = 3
i) Positive Integer – Negative integer
It is clear that we are subtracting a smaller value from a larger value. So, the answer will always be positive in this case.
5-(-1) = 5 + 1 = 6
2 – (-5) = 2 + 5 = 3
ii) Negative Integer – Positive Integer
It is clear that we are subtracting a larger value from a smaller value. So, the answer will always be negative in this case.
(-1)-5 = (-1) + (-5) = -6
(-2) – (5) = (-2) + (-5) = -7
There are some properties related to the subtraction of integers. They are as follows:
2 – 4 4 – 2 and -6 – (-3 ) -3 – (- 6)
For example, 2 – ( 5 – 3) = 2 – 2 = 0
(2 – 5) – 3 = – 3 – 3 = – 6 ,
Example: Subtract 4 from 2.
We have to find 2 – 4.
Express 2 – 4 as the addition fact.
2 – 4 = 2 + (-4).
Locate integer with greater absolute value, 2.
Start from 2, take 4 jumps to the left side as we are subtracting 4 to 2.
Therefore, -2 is the required answer.
In this article, we learnt about subtraction of integers definition, rules, properties,steps and how to subtract integers on a number line. Let’s solve some examples and practice problems to understand the concept better.
Example 1: Subtract: – 46 from – 80.
Solution:
We have to subtract two negative integers.
Here, we have to find (-80) – (-46).
(-80) – (-46)
Example 2: Subtract: – 8 from 7.
Solution:
Here, we have to subtract two integers with different signs.
Let’s write it in the form of an expression,
7 – (- 8 )
Thus, 7 – (- 8 ) = 15
Example 3: Find 1 – ( – 5 ) using a number line.
1 – (- 5 ) = 1 + 5
Start from 1 and take 5 jumps to the right.
Thus, 1 – (- 5 ) = 6
Attend this quiz & Test your knowledge.
$1000 - (- 1)=$, when subtracting a positive integer from a negative integer, the answer will have, which subtraction fact does the given number line represent.
What are integers?
Integers include positive integers, negative integers, and zero. It is a number with no decimal or fraction part.
Set of integers = {…,−5,−4,−3,−2,−1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,…}
What is a minuend and a subtrahend?
In a subtraction equation, minuend is the number from which another number would be subtracted. A subtrahend is the term that denotes the number being subtracted from another.
Does commutative property hold true for subtraction?
The commutative property does not hold for subtraction. It means for any two integers a and b, a – b ≠ b – a. For example, 2 – 4 ≠ 4 – 2
2 – 4 = – 2 and 4 – 2 = 2 and -2 ≠ 2
Thus, commutative property does not hold true for subtraction.
Does Associative property hold true for subtraction?
The associative property does not hold for subtraction. It means for any three integers a, b, and c, a -(b – c) ≠ (a – b) – c
(2 – 5) – 3 = – 3 – 3 = – 6 ,
Thus, associative property does not hold true for subtraction.
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There is only one rule that you have to remember when subtracting integers! Basically, you are going to change the subtraction problem to an addition problem.
When SUBTRACTING integers remember to ADD the OPPOSITE.
TIP: For subtracting integers only, remember the phrase: "Keep - change - change"
What does that phrase mean?
Keep - Change - Change is a phrase that will help you "add the opposite" by changing the subtraction problem to an addition problem.
Let's take a look at a few examples to help you better understand this process.
Here's an example for the problem: 12 - (-6) = ?
Keep 12 exactly the same. Change the subtraction sign to an addition sign. Change the -6 to a positive 6. Then add and you have your answer!
Notice how we rewrote this subtracting problem as an addition problem, and then utilized our addition rules!
If you rewrite every subtraction problem as an addition problem, then you will only have to remember one set of rules.
Let's take a look at another example using the keep-change-change rule.
As you can see, if you rewrite you subtracting problems as addition problems, you will be able to easily find the difference using your addition rules.
Using the Keep-Change-Change rule is a great way to remember how to rewrite the subtraction problem as an addition problem.
If you are continuing your study of integer rules, be sure to check out the multiplication and division rules for integers.
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In addition and subtraction of integers, we will learn how to add and subtract integers with the same sign and different signs. We can also make use of the num ber line to add and subtract signed integers. There are certain rules for integers that have to be followed to perform operations on them.
Adding two positive integers results in positive integers, whereas adding two negative integers will result in the sum with a negative sign. But, the addition of two different signed integers will result in subtraction only and the sign of the result will be the same as the larger number has. See a few examples below:
Addition and subtraction are two primary arithmetic operations in Maths. Besides these two operations, multiplication and division are also two primary operations that we learn in basic Maths.
The addition represents the values added to the existing value. For example, a basket has two balls, and if we add more than 2 balls to it, there will be four balls in total. Similarly, if there are four balls in a basket and if we take out two balls out of it, then the basket is left with only two balls, which shows subtraction.
Addition and subtraction are not only used for integers but also rational numbers and irrational numbers. Therefore, both the operations are applicable for all real numbers and complex numbers. Also, the addition and subtraction algebraic expressions are done based on the same rules while performing algebraic operations.
Learn more about addition and subtraction here.
Also, read:
Integers are a special group of numbers that are positive, negative and zero, which are not fractions. Rules for addition and subtraction are the same for all.
The integers which we add or subtract could be positive or negative. Hence, it is necessary to know the rules for positive and negative symbols.
Positive sign/symbol: (+)
Negative sign/symbol: (-)
The three main possibilities in the addition of integers are:
Positive + Positive | Add | Positive (+) | 10 + 15 = 25 |
Negative + Negative | Add | Negative (-) | (-10) + (-15) = -25 |
Positive + Negative* | Subtract | Positive (+) | (-10) + 15 =5 |
Negative + Positive* | Subtract | Negative (-) | 10 + (-15)= -5 |
Whenever a positive number and a negative number are added, the sign of the greater number will decide the operation and sign of the result. In the above example 10 + (-15) = -5 and (-10) + 15 =5; here, without sign 15 is greater than 10 hence, numbers will be subtracted and the answer will give the sign of the greater number.
We know that the multiplication of a negative sign and a positive sign will result in a negative sign, therefore if we write 10 + (-5), it means the ‘+’ sign here is multiplied by ‘-’ inside the bracket. Therefore, the result becomes 10 – 5 = 5.
Alternatively, to find the sum of a positive and a negative integer, take the absolute value (“ absolute value ” means to remove any negative sign of a number, and make the number positive) of each integer and then subtract these values. Take the above example, 10 + (-15); absolute value of 10 is 10 and -15 is 15.
⇒ 10 – 15 = -5
Thus, we can conclude the above table as follow:
Note: The sum of an integer and its opposite is always zero. (For example, -5 + 5= 0)
Like in addition, the subtraction of integers also has three possibilities. They are:
For ease of calculation, we need to renovate subtraction problems the addition problems. There are two steps to perform this and are given below.
Once the transformation is done, follow the rules of addition given above.
For example, finding the value of (-5) – (7)
Step 1: Change the subtraction sign into an addition sign
⇒ (-5) + (7)
Step 2: Take the inverse of the number which comes after the sign
⇒ – 5 + (-7) (opposite of 7 is -7)
⇒ – 5 + (-7) = -12 [Add and put the sign of greater number]
The addition properties for whole numbers are valid for integers.
Closure Property: The sum of any 2 integers results in an integer.
For instance, 12 + 3 = 15 and 15 is an integer.
In the same way, 17 + (- 20) = – 3 and -3 is an integer.
Commutative property: Even if the order of addition is changed, the total of any 2 integers is the same.
For instance, – 19 + 15 = 15 + (- 19) = – 4
Associative property: The grouping of the integers does not matter when the total of 3 or more integers is computed.
For example, – 13 + (- 15 + 16) = (- 13 + (- 15)) + 16 = – 12
Additive identity: When the sum of zero with any integer is taken, the resultant answer is an integer. The additive identity is the integer zero.
For instance, 0 + 15 = 15
Additive inverse: For each integer, when an integer is added to that integer results in 0. The two converse integers are termed additive inverse of one another.
For instance, 9 + (- 9) = 0.
Closure property: The difference between any two given integers results in an integer.
For instance, 13 – 17 = – 4 and – 4 is an integer. In the same way, – 5 – 8 = – 13 and – 13 is an integer.
Commutative property: The difference between any two given integers changes when the order is reversed.
For example, 6 – 3 = 3 but 3 – 6 = – 3.
So, 6 – 3 ≠ 3 – 6
Associative property: In the method of subtraction, there is a change in the result if the grouping of 3 or more integers changes.
For example, (80 – 30) – 60 = – 10 however [80 – (30 – 60)] = 110.
So, (80 – 30) – 60 ≠ [80 – (30 – 60)].
In addition and subtraction, the sign of the resulting integer depends on the sign of the largest value. For example, -7+4 = -3 but in the case of multiplication of integers, two signs are multiplied together.
(+) × (+) = + | Plus x Plus = Plus |
(+) x (-) = – | Plus x Minus = Minus |
(-) × (+) = – | Minus x Plus = Minus |
(-) × (-) = + | Minus x Minus = Plus |
Example 1: Evaluate the following:
(-1) – ( -2) = 1
Example 2: Add -10 and -19.
Solution: -10 and -19 are both negative numbers. So if we add them, we get the sum in negative, such as;
(-10)+(-19) = -10-19 = -29
Example 3: Subtract -19 from -10.
Solution: (-10) – (-19)
Here, the two minus symbols will become plus. So,
-10 + 19 = 19 -10 = 9
Example 4: Evaluate 9 – 10 +(-5) + 6
Solution: First open the brackets.
9 – 10 -5 + 6
Add the positive and negative integers separately.
= 9 + 6 – 10 -5
= 15 – 15
Perform the addition of integers given below: (i) -12 + 25 (ii) 0 + 11 (iii) 38 + (-22) + 19 (iv) (-40) + 33 (v) (-15) + (-27) Subtract the following integers: (i) 8 – 9 (ii) (- 5) – 9 (iii) 6 – (- 8) (iv) (- 4) – (- 6) (v) (- 2) – (- 4) – (- 6) |
What is the rule to add integers, what is the rule for the subtraction of integers, are the rules of addition and subtraction the same as rules for the multiplication of integers, give examples of the addition of integers., when two negative integers are added together, then what is the sign of resulted value.
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Welcome to the integers worksheets page at Math-Drills.com where you may have a negative experience, but in the world of integers, that's a good thing! This page includes Integers worksheets for comparing and ordering integers, adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing integers and order of operations with integers.
If you've ever spent time in Canada in January, you've most likely experienced a negative integer first hand. Banks like you to keep negative balances in your accounts, so they can charge you loads of interest. Deep sea divers spend all sorts of time in negative integer territory. There are many reasons why a knowledge of integers is helpful even if you are not going to pursue an accounting or deep sea diving career. One hugely important reason is that there are many high school mathematics topics that will rely on a strong knowledge of integers and the rules associated with them.
We've included a few hundred integers worksheets on this page to help support your students in their pursuit of knowledge. You may also want to get one of those giant integer number lines to post if you are a teacher, or print off a few of our integer number lines. You can also project them on your whiteboard or make an overhead transparency. For homeschoolers or those with only one or a few students, the paper versions should do. The other thing that we highly recommend are integer chips a.k.a. two-color counters. Read more about them below.
Coordinate graph paper can be very useful when studying integers. Coordinate geometry is a practical application of integers and can give students practice with using integers while learning another related skill. Coordinate graph paper can be found on the Graph Paper page:
Coordinate Graph Paper
Integer number lines can be used for various math activities including operations with integers, counting, comparing, ordering, etc.
For students who are just starting with integers, it is very helpful if they can use an integer number line to compare integers and to see how the placement of integers works. They should quickly realize that negative numbers are counter-intuitive because they are probably quite used to larger absolute values meaning larger numbers. The reverse is the case, of course, with negative numbers. Students should be able to recognize easily that a positive number is always greater than a negative number and that between two negative integers, the one with the lesser absolute value is actually the greater number. Have students practice with these integers worksheets and follow up with the close proximity comparing integers worksheets.
By close proximity, we mean that the integers being compared differ very little in value. Depending on the range, we have allowed various differences between the two integers being compared. In the first set where the range is -9 to 9, the difference between the two numbers is always 1. With the largest range, a difference of up to 5 is allowed. These worksheets will help students further hone their ability to visualize and conceptualize the idea of negative numbers and will serve as a foundation for all the other worksheets on this page.
Two-color counters are fantastic manipulatives for teaching and learning about integer addition. Two-color counters are usually plastic chips that come with yellow on one side and red on the other side. They might be available in other colors, so you'll have to substitute your own colors in the following description.
Adding with two-color counters is actually quite easy. You model the first number with a pile of chips flipped to the correct side and you also model the second number with a pile of chips flipped to the correct side; then you mash them all together, take out the zeros (if any) and behold, you have your answer! Need further elaboration? Read on!
The correct side means using red to model negative numbers and yellow to model positive numbers. You would model —5 with five red chips and 7 with seven yellow chips. Mashing them together should be straight forward although, you'll want to caution your students to be less exuberant than usual, so none of the chips get flipped. Taking out the zeros means removing as many pairs of yellow and red chips as you can. You can do this because —1 and 1 when added together equals zero (this is called the zero principle). If you remove the zeros, you don't affect the answer. The benefit of removing the zeros, however, is that you always end up with only one color and as a consequence, the answer to the integer question. If you have no chips left at the end, the answer is zero!
Subtracting with integer chips is a little different. Integer subtraction can be thought of as removing. To subtract with integer chips, begin by modeling the first number (the minuend) with integer chips. Next, remove the chips that would represent the second number from your pile and you will have your answer. Unfortunately, that isn't all there is to it. This works beautifully if you have enough of the right color chip to remove, but often times you don't. For example, 5 - (-5), would require five yellow chips to start and would also require the removal of five red chips, but there aren't any red chips! Thank goodness, we have the zero principle. Adding or subtracting zero (a red chip and a yellow chip) has no effect on the original number, so we could add as many zeros as we wanted to the pile, and the number would still be the same. All that is needed then is to add as many zeros (pairs of red and yellow chips) as needed until there are enough of the correct color chip to remove. In our example 5 - (-5), you would add 5 zeros, so that you could remove five red chips. You would then be left with 10 yellow chips (or +10) which is the answer to the question.
The worksheets in this section include addition and subtraction on the same page. Students will have to pay close attention to the signs and apply their knowledge of integer addition and subtraction to each question. The use of counters or number lines could be helpful to some students.
These worksheets include groups of questions that all result in positive or negative sums or differences. They can be used to help students see more clearly how certain integer questions end up with positive and negative results. In the case of addition of negative and positive integers, some people suggest looking for the "heavier" value to determine whether the sum will be positive of negative. More technically, it would be the integer with the greater absolute value. For example, in the question (−2) + 5, the absolute value of the positive integer is greater, so the sum will be positive.
In subtraction questions, the focus is on the subtrahend (the value being subtracted). In positive minus positive questions, if the subtrahend is greater than the minuend, the answer will be negative. In negative minus negative questions, if the subtrahend has a greater absolute value, the answer will be positive. Vice-versa for both situations. Alternatively, students can always convert subtraction questions to addition questions by changing the signs (e.g. (−5) − (−7) is the same as (−5) + 7; 3 − 5 is the same as 3 + (−5)).
Multiplying integers is very similar to multiplication facts except students need to learn the rules for the negative and positive signs. In short, they are:
In words, multiplying two positives or two negatives together results in a positive product, and multiplying a negative and a positive in either order results in a negative product. So, -8 × 8, 8 × (-8), -8 × (-8) and 8 × 8 all result in an absolute value of 64, but in two cases, the answer is positive (64) and in two cases the answer is negative (-64).
Should you wish to develop some "real-world" examples of integer multiplication, it might be a stretch due to the abstract nature of negative numbers. Sure, you could come up with some scenario about owing a debt and removing the debt in previous months, but this may only result in confusion. For now students can learn the rules of multiplying integers and worry about the analogies later!
Luckily (for your students), the rules of dividing integers are the same as the rules for multiplying:
Dividing a positive by a positive integer or a negative by a negative integer will result in a positive integer. Dividing a negative by a positive integer or a positive by a negative integer will result in a negative integer. A good grasp of division facts and a knowledge of the rules for multiplying and dividing integers will go a long way in helping your students master integer division. Use the worksheets in this section to guide students along.
This section includes worksheets with both multiplying and dividing integers on the same page. As long as students know their facts and the integer rules for multiplying and dividing, their sole worry will be to pay attention to the operation signs.
In this section, the integers math worksheets include all of the operations. Students will need to pay attention to the operations and the signs and use mental math or another strategy to arrive at the correct answers. It should go without saying that students need to know their basic addition, subtraction, multiplication and division facts and rules regarding operations with integers before they should complete any of these worksheets independently. Of course, the worksheets can be used as a source of questions for lessons, tests or other learning activities.
Order of operations with integers can be found on the Order of Operations page:
Order of Operations with Integers
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Here are four great examples about subtracting integers word problems. Problem #1: The record high temperature for Massachusetts is 104 degrees Fahrenheit. The record low is -18 degrees Fahrenheit. What is the difference between high and low? The problem has 1 important component. It is the phrase " difference between high and low ." Difference ...
The following ten (10) practice problems are all about . Keep practicing and you will get better in no time! Have fun! To subtract integers, change the operation from subtraction to addition but take the opposite sign of the second integer. Then proceed with regular. a - b \to a {\color {red}+} \left ( { {\color {red}-} b} \right)
We need a rule for subtracting integers in order to solve this problem. Rule: To subtract an integer, add its opposite. The opposite of - 282 is + 282, so we get: + 20,320 - - 282 = + 20,320 + + 282 = + 20,602 . In the above problem, we added the opposite of the second integer and subtraction was transformed into addition.
Solution: For subtracting integers on a number line let us follow the steps given below: Step 1: The expression can be written as -7 - (-4). Draw a number line with a scale of 1. Step 2: Express -7 - (-4) as an addition expression by changing the sign of the subtrahend from negative to positive. We get -7 + 4.
The process is very simple. Here's how: : Transform the subtraction of integers problem into addition of integers problem. Here's how: First, keep the first number (known as the minuend). Second, change the operation from subtraction to addition. Third, get the opposite sign of the second number (known as the subtrahend) Finally, proceed ...
Adding and subtracting integers. Here you will learn strategies on how to add and subtract integers, including using visual models as well as the number line. Students will first learn about integers in 6th grade math as part of their work with the number system and expand that knowledge to operations with integers in the 7th grade.
Subtract Integers in Applications. It's hard to find something if we don't know what we're looking for or what to call it. So when we solve an application problem, we first need to determine what we are asked to find. Then we can write a phrase that gives the information to find it. We'll translate the phrase into an expression and then ...
Here is a step-by-step guide to solving word problems of integers addition and subtraction: Step 1: Decipher the Problem. The journey begins with an intensive reading of the word problem. Identify the integers involved, noting their signs (\(+\) or \(-\)), and the operations stated or implied (addition or subtraction).
Why is subtracting integers so useful? Besides the fact that subtracting integers is one of the first basic things we learn in math, think of it this way: there are many real-life problems it can solve! For example, a mountain's highest point is $$161$$ meters, and the deepest point in the sea beneath it is $$80$$ meters.
College. Students learn that subtracting an integer is the same as adding the opposite of the integer. For example, 2 - 4 can be changed to 2 + (-4) -- in other words, minus a positive can be changed to plus a negative -- and -7 - (-1) can be changed to -7 + (+1) -- in other words, minus a negative can be changed to plus a positive. Once the ...
•Model and solve real-world problems using simple equations involving integer change. Explore Subtracting Integers with theInteractive+/-Chips. Watch thisKhanAcademyVideo:SubtractingIntegers Teaching Time I. Find Differences of Integers on a Number Line We can subtract integers by using a strategy. Using a strategy will allow us to find the ...
What Is Meant by Subtracting Integers in Math? Subtracting integers is the method of finding the difference between two integers. These two integers may have the same sign or different signs. The set of integers is represented by. Z={…,-3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3,…}. If we subtract the integer b from the integer a, we write it as a - b.
Number 1 Rule for Subtracting Integers. When SUBTRACTING integers remember to ADD the OPPOSITE. What does that phrase mean? Keep - Change - Change is a phrase that will help you "add the opposite" by changing the subtraction problem to an addition problem. Keep the first number exactly the same. Change the subtraction sign to an addition sign.
Practice Problems. Add -5 and -10. Subtract 20 from 10. Find the sum of 12 and 13. Find the difference between 40 and 30. To solve more problems on the topic, integers addition and subtraction worksheet can be downloaded on BYJU'S - The Learning App from Google Play Store and watch interactive videos. Also, take free tests to practise for ...
Improve your math knowledge with free questions in "Add and subtract integers: word problems" and thousands of other math skills.
Addition and Subtraction ( +, −) Visualize adding 3 + 2 on the number line by moving from zero three units to the right then another two units to the right, as illustrated below: Figure 1.2.1. The illustration shows that 3 + 2 = 5. Similarly, visualize adding two negative numbers ( − 3) + ( − 2) by first moving from the origin three units ...
The steps to subtract integers are: 1. Keep the first integer just as it is. 2. Since subtraction is addition of the opposite, change subtraction to addition. 3. Change the sign of the second ...
The equation becomes: total candy = 47 + 32 + (51 - 19) Step 2: Solve for the unknown variable in the equation. First, let's perform the subtraction of 51 - 19 for Ellen's candy so that we just ...
Welcome to the integers worksheets page at Math-Drills.com where you may have a negative experience, but in the world of integers, that's a good thing! This page includes Integers worksheets for comparing and ordering integers, adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing integers and order of operations with integers.
The calculator shows the work for the math and shows you when to change the sign for subtracting negative numbers. Add and subtract positive and negative integers, whole numbers, or decimal numbers. Use numbers + and -. You can also include numbers with addition and subtraction in parentheses and the calculator will solve the equation.
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Learn how to add and subtract whole numbers with Khan Academy's free online lessons. You will master the skills of regrouping, borrowing, and solving word problems within 1000. Whether you are a beginner or a pro, you will find exercises and videos that suit your level and interest.
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