Roberts and colleagues illustrate…
First use: (Modern Language Association [MLA]).
Second use and after: (MLA).
No author
("Ultimate Guide").
Use the first noun phrase of the title for parenthetical citations.
If the title does not begin with a noun phrase, stop at the first punctuation mark or the end of the first phrase/clause.
"The Ultimate Guide to Closed Captions" lists...
Do not shorten the title when citing a source without an author in the body of your essay.
Instead, write out the full title using the correct formatting: quotation marks for short works, such as articles, and for longer works, such as films. Include everything before a colon : or dash – in a long title.
In-text citations can be either parenthetical (inside parenthesis) or narrative, which MLA calls in prose . Provide the shortest bit of information you can to lead the reader to the correct entry on the works cited list. This is usually the author's last name. When there is no author, use the Title of Source with the correct formatting, such as inside quotation marks or italicized, whichever is appropriate.
Parenthetical citation means planting the flag for the reader at the end of the sentence by placing the relevant information inside parenthesis. The sentence's period comes after it. It looks like this:
A narrative citation means the flag is contained within the body of the sentence. This is also called a citation in prose . It is usually accomplished by using a signal phrase or lead-in phrase, to alert the reader. The signal phrase might come at the beginning, middle, or end of a sentence.
Examples of signal phrases include the verbs:
It looks like this. In our second example, there is a page number we need to include, which is done parenthetically.
What to Include in All In-Text Citations
List the author's last name. See Special Circumstances below for how to handle a source without an author.
List both the last name of both authors. Separate them with the word and .
Note: The abbreviation et al. is short for the Latin phrase et alia , which means and others . When we use it, we are telling our reader this source was written by the lead author and others , or by the lead author et al.
When your source has page numbers, include the specific page number.
A corporate author is when an organization and not a person is the creator of the work. A corporate author can be an institution, an association, a government agency, a company, or another kind or organization.
If a corporate author has a very long name or is known by a standard abbreviation, you can use that shortened version after the first reference to it. .
Abbreviating a corporate author, two or more sources by the same author(s).
Add a title to the in-text citation for clarity. There are three methods to do this when you have two sources by the same author or pair of authors.
2) author's name and title in prose., 3) author's name in prose and title in parenthetical citation., no page numbers.
Include in the text the first item that appears in the Work Cited entry that corresponds to the citation (e.g. author name, article name, website name, film name). If using the website name, use the shortest form of the website, e.g. BBC.com, not the entire URL for the article.
If the original source uses line numbers, the line number may be used instead of a page number.
Include in the text the first item that appears in the Work Cited entry that corresponds to the citation (e.g. author name, article name, website name, film name). If using the website name, use the shortest form of the website, e.g. BBC.com, not the entire URL for the a rticle.
When citing audio or video, include the time range as indicated in the media viewer using this format in place of page numbers.
Block quotations are used when a direct quotation is longer than four lines of text.
The whiskey on your breath Could make a small boy dizzy; But I hung on like death: Such waltzing was not easy. We romped until the pans Slid from the kitchen shelf; My mother's countenance Could not unfrown itself. (Roethke)
For full information on labeling and captioning visuals and tables, see https://style.mla.org/formatting-papers/#tablesandillustrations
The caption acts as the in-text citation. It describes and in some cases fully cites the image. If the caption provides complete information about the source and the source is not cited in the text, no entry for the source in the works cited list is necessary.
However, if you reference the source in your text, you will also create an entry for the image on your works cited list.
Fig. 1. Belle Busy Reading.
In addition to crediting other creators, the point of in-text citations is to get your reader to the long-form citation on the Works Cited page. According to the MLA Handbook , the citation should interrupt the text of your essay as little as possible (227). There are two ways to do this:
The signal phrase lets your reader know that you are paraphrasing or quoting an idea from someone else's work. If your paper deals with a particular work of literature, or if you are relying heavily on the work of one or more sources, a signal phrase introducing the source is recommended.
Parenthetical citations.
When you do not include the author/title in your sentence text of the paragraph, a complete parenthetical citation is necessary.
Works cited.
Austen, Jane. Pride and Prejudice . 1813. The Modern Library, 1995.
Duhigg, Charles. The Power of Habit: Why We Do What We Do in Life and Business . Random House, 2012.
Kite, Allison. "Report: Residents in Kansas, Missouri Get Drinking Water from Lead Pipes at High Rates." Kansas Reflector , 15 Jul. 2021, kansasreflector.com/briefs/report-residents-in-kansas-missouri-get-drinking-water-from-lead-pipes-at-high-rates/.
MLA Handbook . 9th ed., Modern Language Association of America, 2021.
Upson, Matt, et al. Information Now: A Graphic Guide to Student Research . U of Chicago P, 2015.
Duhigg argues that we can change our habits, but it can be a struggle to do so (20).
Kite reports that Kansas has 5,446 lead pipes per 100,000 residents, the third highest rate in the United States.
Strunk and White argue that writers should use the active voice because it is "direct and vigorous" (18).
For a source with three or more authors, the MLA Handbook recommends using the first author's name followed by one of the following phrases: "and colleagues" or "and others" (232-233).
Taylor and colleagues explore doctors' responses to patients with chronic illnesses after the doctors' diagnoses with long COVID (839).
We can change our habits, but because they are deeply ingrained into the brain, it can be a struggle to do so (Duhigg 20).
Writers should use the active voice because it is "direct and vigorous" (Strunk and White 18).
Although "research is a collective process, one shared and added to by all researchers," it is unacceptable to plagiarize someone else's work (Upson et al. 90).
If the source has no named author, your in-text citation will be an abbreviated version of the title. If it is a very short title, you may use the entire title. If the work without an author is an article, put quotes around the shortened title in the parenthetical citation; if it is a book, italicize it.
Full Title: Go Ask Alice
The diarist describes her first experience with LSD as "tremendous and wonderful and miraculous" ( Go Ask 30).
In Go Ask Alice, the diarist describes her first experience with LSD as "tremendous and wonderful and miraculous" (30).
When citing an article without page numbers in your paper, omit the page element from your in-text citation.
According to DeRuy, a baby’s caretakers "have an enormous role in creating an environment where children have both the freedom and support to learn."
A baby’s caretakers "have an enormous role in creating an environment where children have both the freedom and support to learn" (DeRuy).
DeRuy, Emily. “The Complex Lives of Babies.” The Atlantic , 20 June 2016, www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2016/06/the-complex-lives-of-babies/487679/.
Duhigg, Charles. The Power of Habit: Why We Do What We Do in Life and Business . Random House, 2012.
Go Ask Alice . 1971. Simon Pulse, 2006.
Strunk, William, Jr., and E. B. White. The Elements of Style . 4th ed., Allyn and Bacon, 2000.
Taylor, Anna K., et al. “‘Reluctant Pioneer’: A Qualitative Study of Doctors’ Experiences as Patients with Long COVID.” Health Expectations , vol. 24, no. 3, June 2021, pp. 833–842. doi.org/10.1111/hex.13223.
Upson, Matt, et al. Information Now: A Graphic Guide to Student Research . U of Chicago P, 2015.
To avoid overusing the words "say/says" and "according to," try mixing it up with one of the verbs listed below. For example, instead of writing the following sentence:
Using a variety of verbs can make your writing more interesting to your reader.
acknowledges adds admits agrees argues asserts believes claims comments compares confirms contends declares denies disputes emphasizes endorses grants illustrates implies insists notes observes points out reasons refutes rejects reports responds suggests thinks writes
Powers, William. Hamlet's BlackBerry: Building a Good Life in the Digital Age . Harper Perennial, 2011.
When you quote a source, you include the author's exact words in your text. Use "quotation marks" around the author's words. Include signal phrases and an in-text citation to show where the quote is from.
The example below is technically correct, but the quote disrupts the flow of the essay.
The sentences below have better flow because the quote is introduced with a signal phrase.
When you paraphrase or summarize a source, you restate the source's ideas in your own words and sentence structure. Select what is relevant to your topic, and restate only that. Changing only a few words is not sufficient in paraphrasing or summarizing. Instead, you need to completely rephrase the author's ideas in your own words. Since you are restating the idea in your own words instead of quoting it, do not use quotation marks.
Always use in-text citations when you paraphrase or summarize so that the reader will know that the information or opinion comes from someone other than you. Continue to use signal phrases as well.
The example below does not significantly change the source material - it uses the same sentence structure and most of the same words for key ideas. It is also plagiarism because it does not provide a citation.
The next example is not plagiarism - it restates the author's idea, and it provides a citation in MLA format.
Austen, Jane. Pride and Prejudice . 1813. The Modern Library, 1995.
When you use sources in your assignment, those sources have to be cited. It doesn't matter if it's a paraphrase or a direct quote! The goal is to tell your readers where you got your information.
The in-text citation is a shortened form of what is listed on your Works Cited page. In the example below, the in-text citation (Smith) goes to the source written by Susie Smith, found on the Works Cited page.
In-text citation: (Smith)
Works Cited page:
Smith, Susie. "Article Title." My Awesome Website, 1 Jan. 2019, www.myawesomewebsite.com/susie.
Your in-text citation may look differently, depending on the source you use. See the boxes below for some common examples.
Always check to see that your citations match up with your Works Cited page! If you list something on your Works Cited page, it should be cited somewhere in your paper. If you cited it in your paper, it should be listed on your Works Cited.
If you forget to cite sources in your paper, it's plagiarism. When you proofread your paper, be sure to look to see if you cited everything.
When you are citing a printed source, like a book, you will use the author's last name and the page number where you found the information you are citing. If your citation is at the end of a sentence, the period goes AFTER the citation. Your citation is a part of the sentence.
(Nickerson 135)
This tells your reader that the information you just provided came from someone with the last name Nickerson and the information was found on page 135.
If you want to include the name of the author in your sentence, your in-text citation only needs to have the page number. For example:
According to Nickerson, blah, blah, blah (135).
(Nickerson and Johnson 135)
If your source has three or more authors, you get to shorten your citation! Use the first author's last name and then et al. This is Latin for and others. Be sure to include the period after al.
(Nickerson et al. 135)
If you are summering information that falls across multiple pages, you can include the page range.
(Nickerson et al. 135-136)
MLA Citations from IWCC Cyber Library on Vimeo .
When citing sources that don't have page numbers, such as a website, you will only list the author's last name. If your citation is at the end of a sentence, the period goes AFTER the citation. Your citation is a part of the sentence.
(Nickerson)
This tells your reader that the information you just provided came from someone with the last name Nickerson.
If you want to include the name of the author in your sentence and there is no page number , you don't have to include the name in parentheses at the end of the sentence because you already listed the author. For example:
According to Nickerson, "blah, blah, blah".
(Nickerson and Johnson)
If your source has three or more authors, you get to shorten your citation! Use the first author's last name and then et al. (That's a lower case L in the al). This is Latin for and others . Be sure to include the period after al.
(Nickerson et al.)
Organizations and governments are producers of information, too! For example, you read the recommended guidelines for hand washing on the Centers for Disease Control website, but there is no individual author listed. Since the Centers for Disease Control is the one producing the information, you may use them as the author.
(Centers for Disease Control)
If there is no author, you will use the title or a shortened version of the title. If the title is only a few words, there is no reason to shorten it. In the example above, we will shorten the title to Web Insight.
The title will be italicized.
( Web Insight )
Contact the library, phone: 712-325-3478, email: [email protected], ask a librarian.
Questions about formatting, citations, or finding sources?
Schedule an appointment with library staff by clicking the Schedule Appointment button.
When is the library open? Find our hours here .
Every time that you directly quote information, or paraphrase information from a source, or summarize information from a source, you need to provide an in-text citation. The only time that you do not cite information is if the information is considered to be common knowledge. MLA style considers common knowledge to be information which could be found in common reference sources, for example, the name of the 16th President or the birthday of Martin Luther King, Jr.
Rules for In-Text Citation:
No Page Number?
Web publications often have no page numbers; the MLA Handbook recommends putting the author's name within the text or including it as a parenthetical citation without a page number.
Last Updated: February 14, 2023 Fact Checked
This article was co-authored by Christopher Taylor, PhD . Christopher Taylor is an Adjunct Assistant Professor of English at Austin Community College in Texas. He received his PhD in English Literature and Medieval Studies from the University of Texas at Austin in 2014. There are 8 references cited in this article, which can be found at the bottom of the page. This article has been fact-checked, ensuring the accuracy of any cited facts and confirming the authority of its sources. This article has been viewed 276,547 times.
The Modern Language Association (MLA) citation style is used for journals and research papers in the humanities. When making a citation, you must include a full citation on your works cited page, as well as a shorter in-text citation where you reference information from the website. The 8th edition of the MLA Handbook focuses on you providing as much information as you can based on a set of 8 core elements: the author, the title of the source, the title of the container, other contributors, the version, the number, the publisher, the publication date, and the location; less emphasis is put on formatting than on consistency. However, you will not be able to find all this information when you're making a citation for a website, so you only put in what you can find.
Warning! Remember to indent the second line. Without an indent, it is incorrect. This is called a hanging indentation.
Tip : There is no need to recite the publisher's name if you already mentioned it when introducing the quote. So, if you said "According to Purdue...", there isn't a need to re-add the author's name at the end. You can just finish the citation/quote without adding (Purdue...).
To cite a website in your bibliography using Modern Language Association format, start by writing the author’s surname then first name. If the author’s name isn’t listed on the page, you might be able to find it in an about page. If you’re referencing a specific page from a website, put this next in quotation marks. Follow with the website name in italics. If the website has a separate publisher, include this next. Then, put the full URL at the end. Always start with WWW. instead of HTTP. For more tips from our Teaching co-author, including how to include multiple authors or editors in a website citation, read on! Did this summary help you? Yes No
Nov 16, 2020
Jan 6, 2019
Trevin Philbrook
May 8, 2019
Jul 28, 2017
Apr 17, 2018
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Please Note : all links on this page will take you to Seneca College Libraries LibGuide pages. All content in this guide is courtesy of Seneca College Libraries. This guide is used/adapted with the permission of Seneca College Libraries. For information please contact [email protected] .
Quoting directly, long quotations, signal phrases, repeated use of sources.
Number of Authors/Editors | In-Text Citation Example |
---|---|
Two | (Author's Last Name and Author's Last Name Page Number) Example: (Case and Daristotle 57) |
Three or more | (Author's Last Name et al. Page Number) Example: (Case et al. 57) |
Where you'd normally put the author's last name, instead use the first one, two, or three words from the title. Don't count initial articles like "A", "An" or "The". You should provide enough words to make it clear which work you're referring to from your Works Cited list.
If the title in the Works Cited list is in italics, italicize the words from the title in the in-text citation.
If the title in the Works Cited list is in quotation marks, put quotation marks around the words from the title in the in-text citation.
( Cell Biology 12)
("Nursing" 12)
If you would like to cite more than one source within the same in-text citation, simply record the in-text citations as normal and separate them with a semi-colon.
(Smith 42; Bennett 71).
( It Takes Two ; Brock 43).
Note: The sources within the in-text citation do not need to be in alphabetical order for MLA style.
In MLA, in-text citations are inserted in the body of your research paper to briefly document the source of your information. Brief in-text citations point the reader to more complete information in the works cited list at the end of the paper.
Note: The period goes outside the brackets, at the end of your in-text citation.
When you quote directly from a source, enclose the quoted section in quotation marks. Add an in-text citation at the end of the quote with the author name and page number:
Mother-infant attachment has been a leading topic of developmental research since John Bowlby found that "children raised in institutions were deficient in emotional and personality development" (Hunt 358).
No Page Numbers
When you quote from electronic sources that do not provide page numbers (like Web pages), cite the author name only.
"Three phases of the separation response: protest, despair, and detachment" (Garelli).
What Is a Long Quotation?
If your quotation extends to more than four lines as you're typing your essay, it is a long quotation.
Rules for Long Quotations
There are 4 rules that apply to long quotations that are different from regular quotations:
Example of a Long Quotation
At the end of Lord of the Flies the boys are struck with the realization of their behaviour:
The tears began to flow and sobs shook him. He gave himself up to them now for the first time on the island; great, shuddering spasms of grief that seemed to wrench his whole body. His voice rose under the black smoke before the burning wreckage of the island; and infected by that emotion, the other little boys began to shake and sob too. (Golding 186)
When you write information or ideas from a source in your own words, cite the source by adding an in-text citation at the end of the paraphrased portion.
Paraphrasing from One Page
Include a full in-text citation with the author name and page number (if there is one). For example:
Mother-infant attachment became a leading topic of developmental research following the publication of John Bowlby's studies (Hunt 65).
Paraphrasing from Multiple Pages
If the paraphrased information/idea is from several pages, include them. For example:
Mother-infant attachment became a leading topic of developmental research following the publication of John Bowlby's studies (Hunt 50, 55, 65-71).
If you refer to the author's name in a sentence you do not have to include the name again as part of your in-text citation, instead include the page number (if there is one) at the end of the quotation or paraphrased section. For example:
Hunt explains that mother-infant attachment has been a leading topic of developmental research since John Bowlby found that "children raised in institutions were deficient in emotional and personality development" (358).
If you're using information from a single source more than once in succession (i.e., no other sources referred to in between), you can use a simplified in-text citation.
Cell biology is an area of science that focuses on the structure and function of cells (Smith 15). It revolves around the idea that the cell is a "fundamental unit of life" (17). Many important scientists have contributed to the evolution of cell biology. Mattias Jakob Schleiden and Theodor Schwann, for example, were scientists who formulated cell theory in 1838 (20).
Note: If using this simplified in-text citation creates ambiguity regarding the source being referred to, use the full in-text citation format.
© Morehead State University MSU is an affirmative action, equal opportunity, educational institution .
Generate accurate citations in MLA format automatically, with MyBib!
An MLA citation generator is a software tool designed to automatically create academic citations in the Modern Language Association (MLA) citation format. The generator will take information such as document titles, author, and URLs as in input, and output fully formatted citations that can be inserted into the Works Cited page of an MLA-compliant academic paper.
The citations on a Works Cited page show the external sources that were used to write the main body of the academic paper, either directly as references and quotes, or indirectly as ideas.
MLA style is most often used by middle school and high school students in preparation for transition to college and further education. Ironically, MLA style is not actually used all that often beyond middle and high school, with APA (American Psychological Association) style being the favored style at colleges across the country.
It is also important at this level to learn why it's critical to cite sources, not just how to cite them.
Writing citations manually is time consuming and error prone. Automating this process with a citation generator is easy, straightforward, and gives accurate results. It's also easier to keep citations organized and in the correct order.
The Works Cited page contributes to the overall grade of a paper, so it is important to produce accurately formatted citations that follow the guidelines in the official MLA Handbook .
It's super easy to create MLA style citations with our MLA Citation Generator. Scroll back up to the generator at the top of the page and select the type of source you're citing. Books, journal articles, and webpages are all examples of the types of sources our generator can cite automatically. Then either search for the source, or enter the details manually in the citation form.
The generator will produce a formatted MLA citation that can be copied and pasted directly into your document, or saved to MyBib as part of your overall Works Cited page (which can be downloaded fully later!).
MyBib supports the following for MLA style:
⚙️ Styles | MLA 8 & MLA 9 |
---|---|
📚 Sources | Websites, books, journals, newspapers |
🔎 Autocite | Yes |
📥 Download to | Microsoft Word, Google Docs |
Daniel is a qualified librarian, former teacher, and citation expert. He has been contributing to MyBib since 2018.
What is a Citation?
A citation is positioned within the body of your paper, right after you finish referencing or quoting another author's work. This is known as an inline or in-text citation. At the end of your paper, you will also provide a complete reference. A reference must provide enough information to both identify and locate the original source of the information.
A reference usually includes:
Style Guide Resources
Check out the U-M Library's comprehensive Citation Help Research Guide for examples and formatting tips for APA Style, MLA Style, IEEE Style, and well as other Science Styles. You'll also find guidance on citing government documents, data and statistics, and using bibliography tools. Learn how to manage your citations and get help with the Manage Citations with Zotero, Mendeley, Endnote Research Guide .
Many students also rely on PurdueOWL for their various style guides, but be aware that the website has many ads, whereas our Citation Help Research Guide is ad-free.
Related Sources
Having trouble formatting your citations? Use these tools to automatically generate citations for books, journal articles, newspapers and more in APA, MLA, and Chicago styles.
When you're ready to write, check out Sweetland Writing Center's Resources page for undergraduate students. Here you'll find Writing Support , Writing Guides , and more.
In scholarly writing, it is essential to acknowledge how others contributed to your work. By following the principles of proper citation, writers ensure that readers understand their contribution in the context of the existing literature—how they are building on, critically examining, or otherwise engaging the work that has come before.
APA Style provides guidelines to help writers determine the appropriate level of citation and how to avoid plagiarism and self-plagiarism.
We also provide specific guidance for in-text citation, including formats for interviews, classroom and intranet sources, and personal communications; in-text citations in general; and paraphrases and direct quotations.
Academic Writer ®
Master academic writing with APA’s essential teaching and learning resource
Course Adoption
Teaching APA Style? Become a course adopter of the 7th edition Publication Manual
Instructional Aids
Guides, checklists, webinars, tutorials, and sample papers for anyone looking to improve their knowledge of APA Style
IMAGES
COMMENTS
In-text citations: Author-page style. MLA format follows the author-page method of in-text citation. This means that the author's last name and the page number (s) from which the quotation or paraphrase is taken must appear in the text, and a complete reference should appear on your Works Cited page. The author's name may appear either in the ...
If a source has no author, start the MLA Works Cited entry with the source title.Use a shortened version of the title in your MLA in-text citation.. If a source has no page numbers, you can use an alternative locator (e.g. a chapter number, or a timestamp for a video or audio source) to identify the relevant passage in your in-text citation. If the source has no numbered divisions, cite only ...
Revised on March 5, 2024. An MLA in-text citation provides the author's last name and a page number in parentheses. If a source has two authors, name both. If a source has more than two authors, name only the first author, followed by " et al. ". If the part you're citing spans multiple pages, include the full page range.
Write the author's name in last name, first name format with a period following. Next, write the name of the website in italics. Write the contributing organization's name with a comma following. List the date in day, month, year format with a comma following. Lastly, write the URL with a period following.
In-Text Citations: An Overview. In-text citations are brief, unobtrusive references that direct readers to the works-cited-list entries for the sources you consulted and, where relevant, to the location in the source being cited. An in-text citation begins with the shortest piece of information that directs your reader to the entry in the ...
It can sometimes be difficult to find out who the author of a website is. Remember that an author can be a corporation or group, not only a specific person. Author information can sometimes be found under an "About" section on a website. If there is no known author, start the citation with the title of the website instead. Date
MLA in-text citation style uses the author's last name and the page number from which the quotation or paraphrase is taken, for example: (Smith 163). If the source does not use page numbers, do not include a number in the parenthetical citation: (Smith). ... Cite web pages in text as you would any other source, using the author if known. If the ...
An in-text citation is a reference to a source that is found within the text of a paper ( Handbook 227). This tells a reader that an idea, quote, or paraphrase originated from a source. MLA in-text citations usually include the last name of the author and the location of cited information. This guide focuses on how to create MLA in-text ...
Note: The MLA considers the term "e-book" to refer to publications formatted specifically for reading with an e-book reader device (e.g., a Kindle) or a corresponding web application.These e-books will not have URLs or DOIs. If you are citing book content from an ordinary webpage with a URL, use the "A Page on a Web Site" format above.
In-Text Citation Basics. An in-text citation usually contains the author's name (or other first element in the entry in the works cited list) and a page number. A parenthetical citation that directly follows a quotation is placed after the closing quotation mark. No punctuation is used between the author's name (or the title) and a page number.
In-text citations in MLA style follow the general format of author's last name followed by a page number enclosed in parentheses. Here is an example: "Here's a direct quote" (Smith 8). If the author's name is not given, use the first word (or words) of the title. Follow the same formatting that is used in the works-cited list, such as quotation ...
Note: The publisher may be omitted from the citation if the website title is essentially the same as the publisher name. Looking for Something Else? For information about Wikipedia, see the Encyclopedia and Dictionary page.
Brief in-text citations point the reader to more complete information in the works cited list at the end of the paper. In-text citations include the last name of the author followed by a page number enclosed in parentheses. "Here's a direct quote" (Smith 8). If the author's name is not given, then use the first word or words of the title.
Basic Rules for In-Text Citations: In all cases, create a citation that is brief and that unambiguously directs the reader to the right entry on your Works Cited page. Use the author's last name and page number (s) when available for paraphrases & quotes; just the author's name is sufficient for summarizing the gist of an entire work.
MLA in-text citations. MLA format follows the author-page method of in-text citation. This means that the author's last name and the page number(s) from which the quotation or paraphrase is taken must appear in the text, and a complete reference should appear on your Works Cited page. The author's name may appear either in the sentence itself ...
Quotes should always be cited (and indicated with quotation marks), and you should include a page number indicating where in the source the quote can be found. Example: Quote with APA Style in-text citation. Evolution is a gradual process that "can act only by very short and slow steps" (Darwin, 1859, p. 510).
An in-text citation is a brief reference in your essay that leads your reader to a corresponding works cited entry. Think of in-text citation like a flag you plant for your reader. The flag sends your reader to your works cited to find full details about the source you are referencing. In-text citations are how we give credit to the original ...
According to the MLA Handbook, the citation should interrupt the text of your essay as little as possible (227). There are two ways to do this: Signal phrase (" Citation in prose " in the MLA Handbook): Introducing the name of the author or the work's title in the text of your sentence. Parenthetical citation: Paraphrasing an idea or using a ...
An in-text citation is a source citation in academic writing that is placed directly in the body text, typically at the end of the related sentence, clause, or phrase. This is an alternative style to footnotes, which cite sources at the bottom of a page, or endnotes, which cite sources at the end of a section, chapter, or entire work.
Your in-text citation may look differently, depending on the source you use. See the boxes below for some common examples. Always check your work! Always check to see that your citations match up with your Works Cited page! If you list something on your Works Cited page, it should be cited somewhere in your paper.
MLA style considers common knowledge to be information which could be found in common reference sources, for example, the name of the 16th President or the birthday of Martin Luther King, Jr. Rules for In-Text Citation: When you cite a source, include the author's last name and the page number where you found the information that you are citing.
1. Begin with the author's name. Once again, you begin with the author's last name, then the first. In this case, you're looking for the author of the page you're citing, not the whole website. Often, the author's name will be at the top of the page or near the bottom, before the comments.
Brief in-text citations point the reader to more complete information in the works cited list at the end of the paper. In-text citations include the last name of the author followed by a page number enclosed in parentheses. "Here's a direct quote" (Smith 8). If the author's name is not given, then use the first word or words of the title.
Scroll back up to the generator at the top of the page and select the type of source you're citing. Books, journal articles, and webpages are all examples of the types of sources our generator can cite automatically. Then either search for the source, or enter the details manually in the citation form. The generator will produce a formatted MLA ...
reference (sometimes called "in-text"). STEP 1: WORKS CITED PAGE (see example on reverse) As you find each source you want to use, create a citation. Note: don't wait to cite; do so early! Those citations you've created will then be placed at the end of the paper, on a page entitled "Works Cited".
Style Guide Resources. Check out the U-M Library's comprehensive Citation Help Research Guide for examples and formatting tips for APA Style, MLA Style, IEEE Style, and well as other Science Styles. You'll also find guidance on citing government documents, data and statistics, and using bibliography tools.
article or chapter, within the text of your discussion, then use quotation marks. RULE #8: CITATION LIST. Begin on a new page by using the "insert break" function. In the center of the first line, with no formatting of any kind, title the page as indicated below. Alphabetize the list by whatever the first
When citing quotations from different pages of a work, some writers are tempted to use a page range as a citation. For example: Don Quixote's intention to "do battle" with the "thirty or forty hulking giants" in the distance alarms Sancho Panza, who tells Don Quixote that they "are not giants but windmills" and that no one "could have mistaken them unless he had windmills in ...
APA Style provides guidelines to help writers determine the appropriate level of citation and how to avoid plagiarism and self-plagiarism. We also provide specific guidance for in-text citation, including formats for interviews, classroom and intranet sources, and personal communications; in-text citations in general; and paraphrases and direct quotations.