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Average Professor Salary -
2023 average professor salary by state.
- At public schools, the average professor salary is $96,226, which is 3.41% higher than 2022.
- The private school's average salary is $86,409, a increase of 2.71%.
- The average professor salary at national universities is $125,424, increase of 3.45%.
- The average professor salary at liberal arts colleges is $98,627, increase of 2.81%.
- The average professor salary at community colleges is $77,283, increase of 2.58%.
Highest and Lowest State Faculty Salary
- Rhode Island has the highest Professor salary of $123,318 and Kansas has the lowest Professor salary of $69,107.
- For public schools, California has the highest Professor salary of $140,351 and Kentucky has the lowest Professor salary of $70,177.
- For private schools, Rhode Island has the highest Professor salary of $127,511 and New Mexico has the lowest Professor salary of $43,256.
- For national universities, New Hampshire has the highest Professor salary of $183,583 and Mississippi has the lowest Professor salary of $89,482.
- For liberal arts colleges, Colorado has the highest Professor salary of $142,287 and Idaho has the lowest Professor salary of $41,379.
- For community colleges, Hawaii has the highest Professor salary of $103,412 and North Carolina has the lowest Professor salary of $52,974.
Comparison of 2023 Professor Salary by State
| State | All Colleges | Public Schools | Private Schools | National Universities | Liberal Arts Colleges | Community Colleges |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| $86,724 1.33% | $106,773 3.27% | $69,181 2.84% | $125,006 3.15% | $52,552 15.70% | - | |
| $92,321 0.11% | $98,734 0.04% | $73,081 0.72% | $105,207 0.70% | - | - | |
| $88,319 4.36% | $110,591 0.62% | $74,146 6.11% | $129,724 0.63% | - | $76,154 2.94% | |
| $70,470 2.15% | $74,741 2.03% | $62,703 2.40% | $96,582 1.73% | $68,948 1.48% | $57,751 0.73% | |
| $110,675 5.60% | $140,351 6.43% | $100,783 4.55% | $150,803 6.39% | $124,685 7.90% | $97,680 3.32% | |
| $89,647 1.40% | $92,996 1.59% | $83,560 1.03% | $123,811 0.02% | $142,287 4.25% | $65,489 8.90% | |
| $105,765 2.92% | $100,340 4.21% | $111,509 1.72% | $143,338 6.63% | $136,347 0.90% | $93,423 7.84% | |
| $101,339 7.20% | $126,682 1.23% | $84,445 13.91% | $136,679 14.20% | - | - | |
| $115,222 2.87% | $100,172 13.51% | $116,297 4.08% | $160,794 6.07% | - | - | |
| $79,134 2.47% | $92,158 1.38% | $72,157 3.79% | $119,118 3.88% | $87,801 4.58% | $72,841 2.57% | |
| $80,483 1.67% | $88,934 8.60% | $74,088 3.68% | $117,556 4.28% | $77,523 0.38% | $88,863 0.34% | |
| $107,437 2.25% | $110,274 2.60% | $97,982 0.99% | $131,462 3.08% | - | $103,412 2.21% | |
| $75,994 3.66% | $84,509 3.75% | $61,094 3.45% | $103,785 3.10% | $41,379 7.13% | $67,284 4.02% | |
| $93,779 1.75% | $96,739 0.81% | $91,821 3.46% | $128,619 1.73% | $81,973 1.23% | $90,680 1.84% | |
| $83,695 3.68% | $92,454 1.81% | $79,941 4.47% | $111,480 5.03% | $84,400 5.93% | $66,089 4.16% | |
| $79,433 3.76% | $87,234 3.16% | $76,752 4.00% | $108,730 7.02% | $88,357 3.06% | $71,998 2.91% | |
| $69,107 2.02% | $78,667 2.74% | $61,458 1.30% | $104,508 3.80% | - | $62,763 0.39% | |
| $70,855 2.84% | $70,177 0.38% | $71,481 5.95% | $93,773 5.24% | $90,149 29.27% | $58,604 3.68% | |
| $82,706 6.10% | $81,912 6.03% | $84,478 6.09% | $108,043 3.29% | $80,686 7.19% | $64,529 6.82% | |
| $99,035 6.84% | $95,654 7.05% | $101,186 6.48% | $107,225 5.54% | $134,193 3.92% | $76,493 13.28% | |
| $94,361 4.86% | $99,090 6.57% | $84,904 1.60% | $134,780 4.61% | $92,980 6.35% | $81,163 5.33% | |
| $108,299 3.88% | $95,244 2.96% | $114,145 4.30% | $153,723 4.01% | $123,928 4.95% | $72,449 0.52% | |
| $89,474 2.35% | $105,914 3.03% | $76,322 2.11% | $123,239 3.00% | $82,062 0.78% | $89,969 3.06% | |
| $88,005 1.87% | $105,513 3.87% | $80,501 0.38% | $99,720 4.23% | $99,420 2.86% | - | |
| $75,716 1.56% | $87,934 3.43% | $63,498 0.93% | $89,482 1.12% | $60,491 4.86% | - | |
| $77,488 2.57% | $84,126 1.85% | $74,643 2.92% | $118,539 1.42% | $67,236 4.85% | $71,094 3.47% | |
| $77,496 7.37% | $81,280 0.63% | $68,667 20.20% | $95,732 2.37% | - | $57,158 12.31% | |
| $81,488 0.84% | $102,924 2.40% | $70,771 0.26% | $120,388 2.95% | - | - | |
| $97,527 3.48% | $99,388 2.23% | $93,186 6.74% | $135,527 2.18% | - | - | |
| $94,084 3.92% | $91,930 3.44% | $97,314 4.62% | $183,583 8.25% | $88,884 1.50% | $70,087 3.71% | |
| $105,293 1.36% | $110,172 3.29% | $99,194 1.05% | $163,994 4.38% | $91,741 7.08% | $87,089 1.90% | |
| $79,743 8.49% | $81,567 8.65% | $43,256 0.92% | $117,559 7.55% | - | $73,237 10.38% | |
| $101,907 1.59% | $102,353 1.56% | $101,599 1.61% | $145,407 2.33% | $121,924 2.55% | $89,266 1.58% | |
| $81,534 4.08% | $103,682 6.47% | $72,977 2.81% | $117,484 4.99% | $84,177 2.38% | $52,974 4.20% | |
| $77,855 2.05% | $80,267 1.30% | $69,010 5.40% | $105,146 1.36% | - | $69,040 0.90% | |
| $86,040 3.78% | $95,363 3.20% | $77,681 4.20% | $116,082 3.47% | $99,353 4.62% | $78,701 3.05% | |
| $72,052 1.03% | $73,171 1.07% | $69,813 1.27% | $114,824 2.27% | $49,852 18.29% | $55,655 3.40% | |
| $95,008 5.82% | $112,658 4.08% | $83,976 6.40% | $115,352 3.44% | $110,350 7.81% | $83,438 3.12% | |
| $95,937 3.31% | $103,767 4.48% | $91,533 1.24% | $124,156 1.33% | $104,586 0.50% | $76,320 1.40% | |
| $123,318 2.13% | $109,343 2.97% | $127,511 1.92% | $167,409 6.38% | - | $81,617 1.31% | |
| $80,818 3.07% | $94,469 3.98% | $70,728 2.81% | $115,201 6.66% | $91,319 3.77% | $73,932 4.16% | |
| $87,093 7.88% | $100,418 4.80% | $71,547 13.32% | $108,958 5.36% | - | - | |
| $78,397 1.54% | $87,710 4.20% | $72,516 0.24% | $107,924 4.64% | $83,837 8.43% | $73,154 4.23% | |
| $90,944 3.73% | $94,680 2.58% | $85,504 5.25% | $120,455 2.39% | $102,376 1.78% | $68,358 3.88% | |
| $102,196 10.34% | $102,512 4.58% | $101,566 20.95% | $139,992 4.51% | - | $83,443 5.44% | |
| $89,025 2.57% | $88,497 1.51% | $89,288 3.13% | $126,090 0.31% | $121,805 5.37% | - | |
| $87,653 2.70% | $95,542 4.81% | $79,557 0.02% | $110,942 1.31% | $92,232 3.48% | $76,708 5.46% | |
| $94,884 2.77% | $123,607 2.09% | $82,118 3.23% | $117,549 1.38% | $113,749 1.20% | - | |
| $71,032 1.13% | $74,931 0.61% | $63,233 4.59% | $95,520 1.94% | $58,413 2.05% | $68,200 1.00% | |
| $83,677 2.75% | $91,014 3.85% | $79,862 2.11% | $104,096 5.65% | $91,649 5.82% | - | |
| $80,869 8.79% | $80,869 8.79% | - | $120,914 3.72% | - | $70,858 11.11% | |
| Average | $90,674 3.09% | $96,226 3.41% | $86,409 2.71% | $125,424 3.45% | $98,627 2.81% | $77,283 2.58% |
The Average Salary of a PhD Professor: Factors Affecting Compensation in the US
The average salary of a PhD professor varies greatly depending on several factors such as the type of institution, subject area, and location. According to the American Association of University Professors (AAUP), the average salary of a full-time faculty member at a doctoral degree-granting institution in the United States was $95,000 in the 2019-2020 academic year. However, this figure can vary greatly depending on the type of institution and subject area.
For example, professors at private universities generally earn higher salaries compared to those at public universities. This is due to the fact that private universities often have larger budgets and can offer higher salaries to attract top talent. In addition, professors in highly sought-after fields, such as engineering and computer science, may earn higher salaries compared to those in other subject areas.
Another factor that can impact a professor’s salary is location. Professors in urban areas, where the cost of living is higher, generally earn higher salaries compared to those in rural areas. This is due to the higher cost of living in urban areas and the need to attract top talent to work in these areas.
It is also important to note that salaries for professors are generally determined by collective bargaining agreements between faculty unions and the administration of the institution. These agreements specify the base salary and other compensation, such as health insurance and retirement benefits, that professors will receive.
The Impact of Academic Rank on Salary
Academic rank is an important factor that influences a professor’s salary. The higher the rank, the higher the salary. The academic rank of a professor is determined by their level of experience, research, and teaching. Professors with higher ranks, such as full professor or endowed chair, generally earn higher salaries than those with lower ranks, such as assistant professor or instructor.
The difference in salary between ranks can be significant. For example, the median salary for an assistant professor in the United States is around $75,000 per year, while the median salary for a full professor is around $105,000 per year. However, achieving a higher academic rank requires dedication, hard work, and excellence in research and teaching.
Negotiating Your Salary as a PhD Professor
Negotiating your salary as a PhD professor can be intimidating, but it is essential to maximize your compensation package. Here are some tips for negotiating your salary:
- Research comparable salaries in your field: Use online resources and salary surveys to find out what other professors in your field are earning. This will give you an idea of what to expect and what you can negotiate for.
- Leverage your qualifications and experience: Highlight your qualifications, experience, and achievements during the negotiation process. This can include research publications, teaching awards, and grants.
- Consider the total compensation package: In addition to salary, consider other benefits and perks such as health insurance, retirement plans, and opportunities for professional development. These benefits can significantly impact your overall compensation package.
Remember that negotiation is a two-way process, and you should be prepared to compromise. You can also seek advice from your colleagues, mentors, or faculty union representatives to help you negotiate effectively.
Public vs. Private Institutions: Understanding Salary Differences
Salaries for PhD professors vary between public and private universities. Private universities often offer higher salaries compared to public universities due to larger budgets and the ability to attract top talent. However, public universities may offer other benefits such as better job security, more opportunities for research collaboration, and a stronger sense of community.
When deciding between a public or private institution, it is important to consider factors beyond just salary. Consider the culture, research opportunities, and teaching requirements of each institution to determine which is the best fit for you.
The Role of Experience in Salary Determination
Experience plays a significant role in determining a professor’s salary. As professors gain more experience, they can negotiate for higher salaries and potentially achieve higher academic ranks. For example, a professor with 10 years of experience is likely to earn more than a professor with only a few years of experience.
To increase your experience and earning potential, consider seeking out opportunities for professional development, research collaboration, and teaching assignments. This will not only increase your salary but also improve your qualifications and make you a more competitive candidate for future positions.
Benefits and Perks of Being a PhD Professor
In addition to salary, being a PhD professor offers numerous benefits and perks. These can include access to research funding, sabbaticals, and opportunities for professional growth and development. Many institutions also offer health insurance, retirement plans, and paid time off.
These benefits can significantly impact a professor’s overall compensation package and should be taken into account when considering a career in academia. Additionally, these benefits can help professors achieve a better work-life balance and promote overall job satisfaction.
Read More About : From Degrees to Dollars: The Highest Paying Majors for Graduates in the USA
The Gender Pay Gap in Academia
Unfortunately, there is still a gender pay gap in academia. Female professors earn, on average, Another important factor to consider when it comes to the salary of a PhD professor is their level of experience.
Professors who have been in the field for a longer time and have achieved tenure may earn higher salaries compared to those who are just starting out in their careers. This is because tenured professors have job security and may have a higher level of expertise in their field, which can be reflected in their salary.
In addition to their salary, PhD professors may also receive bonuses and other forms of compensation for their research and academic achievements. For example, they may receive grant funding for their research projects, which can provide additional income. They may also receive recognition and awards for their contributions to their field, which can also come with monetary rewards.
It is important to note that the salary of a PhD professor is not solely determined by their academic credentials. Factors such as their teaching performance and research productivity can also impact their salary. Professors who are effective teachers and produce high-quality research may be more likely to receive higher salaries and other forms of compensation.
Despite the potential for high salaries and additional benefits, pursuing a career as a PhD professor can also come with its challenges. The path to obtaining a PhD and a tenure-track position can be long and competitive, and once in the field, professors may face pressure to continually publish research and achieve tenure. Additionally, the workload can be heavy, with responsibilities such as teaching, advising students, and conducting research.
How much does a college professor make with a PhD?
The salary of a college professor with a PhD can vary widely depending on factors such as the type of institution, the subject area, and the location. On average, however, according to the American Association of University Professors (AAUP), the average salary of a full-time faculty member at a doctoral degree-granting institution in the United States was $95,000 in the 2019-2020 academic year.
This figure can vary widely depending on the type of institution, with professors at private universities generally earning higher salaries than those at public universities.
PhD professor salary
A PhD professor’s salary can vary widely depending on factors such as the type of institution, the subject area, and the location. According to the AAUP, the average salary of a full-time faculty member at a doctoral degree-granting institution in the United States was $95,000 in the 2019-2020 academic year. However, this figure can vary widely depending on the type of institution and subject area.
Professors in highly sought-after fields, such as engineering and computer science, may earn higher salaries compared to those in other subject areas.
Average professor salary with PhD
The average salary of a professor with a PhD can vary widely depending on several factors, including the type of institution, subject area, and location. According to the AAUP, the average salary of a full-time faculty member at a doctoral degree-granting institution in the United States was $95,000 in the 2019-2020 academic year. However, this figure can vary widely and should not be considered the only determining factor when considering a career in academia.
PhD professor salary in the US
The salary of a PhD professor in the US can vary widely depending on several factors, including the type of institution, subject area, and location. According to the AAUP, the average salary of a full-time faculty member at a doctoral degree-granting institution in the United States was $95,000 in the 2019-2020 academic year. However, this figure can vary widely depending on the type of institution and subject area.
College professor salary with PhD
The salary of a college professor with a PhD can vary widely depending on several factors, including the type of institution, subject area, and location. According to the AAUP, the average salary of a full-time faculty member at a doctoral degree-granting institution in the United States was $95,000 in the 2019-2020 academic year. However, this figure can vary widely depending on the type of institution, with professors at private universities generally earning higher salaries than those at public universities.
How much do PhD professors make?
PhD professors can earn a wide range of salaries depending on several factors such as their field of study, location, and type of institution. According to the American Association of University Professors, the average salary of a full-time faculty member at a doctoral degree-granting institution in the United States was $95,000 in the 2019-2020 academic year. However, this is just an average and salaries can range from as low as $50,000 to over $200,000 per year. Professors who work at private universities, in highly sought-after fields, or in urban areas may earn higher salaries than those who work at public universities, in less in-demand fields, or in rural areas.
How much does a PhD professor make?
The salary of a PhD professor varies depending on several factors such as the type of institution, subject area, and location. On average, full-time PhD professors in the United States earn a salary of $95,000 per year according to the American Association of University Professors. However, this figure can range from as low as $50,000 to over $200,000 per year depending on the factors mentioned above.
It is also important to note that salaries for professors are often determined by collective bargaining agreements between faculty unions and the administration of the institution. These agreements specify the base salary and other compensation, such as health insurance and retirement benefits, that professors will receive.
PhD average salary
The average salary of a PhD holder can vary depending on the field of study and occupation. According to the United States Census Bureau, individuals with a doctoral degree earn a median income of $100,000 per year. However, this can vary greatly depending on the occupation.
For example, a PhD professor may earn an average salary of $95,000 per year, while a PhD in engineering may earn an average salary of $114,000 per year. Other factors such as location and years of experience can also impact the salary of a PhD holder.
Salary of PhD professor in USA
The salary of a PhD professor in the United States can vary greatly depending on the factors mentioned above such as the type of institution, subject area, and location. According to the American Association of University Professors, the average salary of a full-time faculty member at a doctoral degree-granting institution in the United States was $95,000 in the 2019-2020 academic year. However, this is just an average and salaries can range from as low as $50,000 to over $200,000 per year. It is also important to note that salaries for professors are often determined by collective bargaining agreements between faculty unions and the administration of the institution. These agreements specify the base salary and other compensation, such as health insurance and retirement benefits, that professors will receive.
Average PhD professor salary
The average salary of a PhD professor can vary depending on the factors mentioned above such as the type of institution, subject area, and location. According to the American Association of University Professors, the average salary of a full-time faculty member at a doctoral degree-granting institution in the United States was $95,000 in the 2019-2020 academic year.
However, this is just an average and salaries can range from as low as $50,000 to over $200,000 per year. It is important to note that salaries for professors are often determined by collective bargaining agreements between faculty unions and the administration of the institution. These agreements specify the base salary and other compensation, such as health insurance and retirement benefits, that professors will receive.
In addition to their base salary, many professors also receive benefits such as health insurance, retirement plans, and paid time off. These benefits can significantly impact a professor’s overall compensation package and should be taken into account when considering a career in academia.
In conclusion , the average salary of a PhD professor varies greatly depending on several factors, including the type of institution, subject area, and location. According to the American Association of University Professors, the average salary of a full-time faculty member at a doctoral degree-granting institution in the United States was $95,000 in the 2019-2020 academic year.
However, this figure can vary greatly and should not be considered the only determining factor when considering a career in academia. Other factors, such as benefits and opportunities for professional growth, should also be taken into account.
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PhD Salaries and Lifetime Earnings
PhDs employed across job sectors show impressive earning potential:
“…[T]here is strong evidence that advanced education levels continue to be associated with higher salaries. A study by the Georgetown Center on Education and the Workforce showed that across the fields examined, individuals with a graduate degree earned an average of 38.3% more than those with a bachelor’s degree in the same field. The expected lifetime earnings for someone without a high school degree is $973,000; with a high school diploma, $1.3 million; with a bachelor’s degree, $2.3 million; with a master’s degree, $2.7 million; and with a doctoral degree (excluding professional degrees), $3.3 million. Other data indicate that the overall unemployment rate for individuals who hold graduate degrees is far lower than for those who hold just an undergraduate degree.” - Pathways Through Graduate School and Into Careers , Council of Graduate Schools (CGS) and Educational Testing Service (ETS), pg. 3.
Average salaries by educational level and degree (data from the US Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2009-2011, courtesy of the Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce):
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| AGRICULTURE and NATURAL RESOURCES | 52000 | 63000 | 79000 | 83000 | 9385 | 2174 | 620 | 571 |
| ARCHITECTURE | 63000 | 71000 | 78000 | 73000 | 3597 | 1470 | 294 | 68 |
| ARTS | 46000 | 55000 | 65000 | 67000 | 17693 | 4257 | 579 | 447 |
| BUSINESS | 62000 | 83000 | 102000 | 94000 | 137905 | 32908 | 5392 | 1201 |
| COMMUNICATIONS and JOURNALISM | 50000 | 61000 | 84000 | 72000 | 28938 | 6479 | 1260 | 473 |
| COMPUTERS and MATHEMATICS | 73000 | 90000 | 90000 | 104000 | 30666 | 11873 | 986 | 1557 |
| CONSUMER SERVICES and INDUSTRIAL ARTS | 63000 | 84000 | 94000 | 83000 | 4204 | 584 | 65 | 33 |
| EDUCATION | 42000 | 56000 | 63000 | 73000 | 39185 | 30819 | 2371 | 1397 |
| ENGINEERING | 79000 | 101000 | 104000 | 107000 | 44297 | 22903 | 2090 | 3831 |
| HEALTH | 63000 | 77000 | 103000 | 98000 | 32807 | 9492 | 4073 | 2051 |
| HUMANITIES and LIBERAL ARTS | 47000 | 59000 | 99000 | 69000 | 38955 | 19013 | 7414 | 3408 |
| LAW AND PUBLIC POLICY | 52000 | 65000 | 89000 | 84000 | 14350 | 3049 | 994 | 192 |
| PSYCHOLOGY and SOCIAL WORK | 43000 | 56000 | 83000 | 78000 | 23192 | 16036 | 2945 | 2624 |
| RECREATION | 45000 | 58000 | 75000 | 73000 | 5004 | 1493 | 310 | 199 |
| SCIENCE--LIFE/PHYSICAL | 54000 | 73000 | 125000 | 89000 | 28075 | 14646 | 13187 | 9868 |
| SOCIAL SCIENCE | 57000 | 75000 | 105000 | 90000 | 32617 | 14167 | 7566 | 1971 |
The Bureau of Labor and Statistics reports higher earnings and lower unemployment rates for doctoral degree holders in comparison to those with master’s and bachelor’s degrees:
According to national studies, more education translates not only to higher earnings, but also higher levels of job success and job satisfaction:
“Educational attainment – the number of years a person spends in school – strongly predicts adult earnings, and also predicts health and civic engagement. Moreover, individuals with higher levels of education appear to gain more knowledge and skills on the job than do those with lower levels of education and they are able, to some extent, to transfer what they learn across occupations.” - Education for Life and Work (2012), National Research Council of the National Academies, pg. 66.
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Research Voyage
Research Tips and Infromation
Unlocking PhD Salaries and Opportunities
The pursuit of a PhD represents a pinnacle of academic achievement, epitomizing years of rigorous study, research, and expertise in a specific field. For many, this educational journey is a labour of love, driven by a passion for knowledge and a desire to contribute to the global pool of understanding. However, as one nears the end of this formidable academic odyssey, questions about what lies beyond the ivory tower become increasingly pertinent.
Among the myriad concerns that occupy the mind of a PhD candidate nearing graduation, one that often looms large is the financial aspect. What can one expect in terms of compensation and career opportunities after investing so much in education and research? Understanding the salary landscape for PhD holders is crucial not only for financial planning but also for making informed decisions about the direction of one’s career.
PhD salaries encompass a wide spectrum of earnings based on fields, regions, and industry choices. In academia, postdocs start at around $40,000 while tenured professors can earn $90,000 and above. Private sector salaries often range from $70,000 to well over $150,000, influenced by specialization and experience.
In this article, we delve into the multifaceted world of post-PhD salaries, exploring the diverse factors that influence earnings. From the impact of one’s field of study and geographic location to the varying opportunities within academia, private industry, and public sectors, we aim to provide insights that can assist both current PhD candidates and those navigating their early careers post-doctorate.
Join us on this exploration as we unravel the intricacies of salary expectations for those who have achieved the esteemed PhD, shedding light on the possibilities that await beyond the academic threshold. Through comprehensive analysis and a global perspective, we endeavour to empower individuals to navigate their professional journey with clarity and confidence.
Introduction
How different fields influence phd salary expectations:, how cost of living and job demand in specific regions impact salaries:, variations in phd salary based on working in academia, private sector, government, or non-profit organizations:, typical salary range for postdocs in various fields:, salary expectations for entry-level faculty positions:, salaries increase with experience and tenure:, phd salary ranges in private companies related to different fields of study:, potential salaries in public service or non-profit organizations:, comparing salaries in different countries and regions for phd holders:.
- International Factors Affect PhD Salary - Exchange Rates and Cost of Living:
Salary Comparison Table for PhD Holders
Importance of networking for better job opportunities and salaries:, encouraging ongoing skill development to stay competitive in the job market:, advice on negotiating salaries and benefits effectively:.
- Before We Conclude....
Embarking on the path of a PhD is a significant intellectual and academic commitment, representing a scholarly voyage of deep exploration and expertise acquisition in a specialized area of knowledge. It is a journey marked by tireless research, critical analysis, and the creation of original contributions to the academic community. Graduating with a PhD is a hallmark moment, but it also raises important questions about the practical implications of this significant achievement.
Take, for instance, Dr. Sarah, who recently completed her PhD in Environmental Science. After years of devoted research on sustainable agricultural practices, climate change, and environmental policy, she now finds herself standing at the crossroads of academic and professional life. Like many PhD holders, Sarah is eager to apply her expertise and make a tangible difference in her field, but she is also keenly aware of the financial considerations that come with this next step.
This article seeks to address the crucial and often intricate matter of post-PhD salaries. It aims to unravel the enigma surrounding the financial aspect of life after the doctorate, a subject that is of paramount importance to those who have invested years in pursuit of advanced education. The purpose here is to shed light on the salary expectations that individuals with a PhD can anticipate across various sectors, fields of study, and global locations.
Just like Sarah, countless PhD graduates stand on the verge of a new phase in their careers. Understanding the earning potential, salary ranges, and factors that influence compensation is instrumental in making informed decisions. This article endeavours to provide a comprehensive guide, offering insights into the diverse avenues available for Ph.D. holders, and empowering them to navigate the professional landscape with foresight and financial prudence.
Factors Influencing PhD Salary
The field of study significantly impacts post-PhD salaries. For instance, a PhD holder in Computer Science might find higher-paying opportunities compared to someone in Sociology. This is due to the demand for specific skill sets and expertise in the job market. Let’s consider Dr. Alex, a PhD holder in Artificial Intelligence. As the tech industry continues to expand rapidly, professionals with expertise in AI are in high demand, often commanding lucrative salaries in both academia and the private sector.
Geographical location plays a pivotal role in determining PhD salaries. The cost of living, job demand, and regional economic conditions all influence compensation levels. For example, Dr. Emily, a PhD holder in Economics, might find higher-paying opportunities in urban centres like New York City or London due to the higher cost of living and increased demand for economists in financial hubs.
The industry or sector in which a PhD graduate works also heavily impacts their salary. Those in academia, while contributing to knowledge and education, may generally have different salary expectations compared to their counterparts in the private sector. For instance, Dr. Michael, with a PhD in Business Administration, may choose to work in a corporate role, often leading to higher remuneration and additional benefits compared to a position in a non-profit organization focused on social impact.
PhD Salaries in Academia
Postdoctoral positions are a common starting point for many PhD holders aiming for an academic career. Salaries can vary based on the field and location. For example, Dr. Ahmed, who completed his PhD in Biology and secured a postdoc position at a research institution, can expect a salary range of approximately $40,000 to $60,000 per year. However, in specialized fields like biomedical research, postdocs may earn higher, sometimes up to $70,000 annually.
As a PhD graduate progresses to an assistant professor position, the salary range increases. For instance, Dr. Sarah, who recently transitioned to an assistant professor role in Psychology at a reputable university, could expect a salary between $60,000 to $90,000 annually. This range may vary based on factors such as the university’s prestige, geographic location, and the demand for expertise in the field.
As faculty members gain experience and achieve tenure, their salaries typically increase. Dr. Johnson, who has been a tenured professor in Computer Science for over a decade, might earn a salary ranging from $90,000 to well over $150,000 annually, depending on the university’s profile and the region’s cost of living. Full professors, having extensive experience and research contributions, may even earn higher, especially in renowned institutions or in high-cost-of-living areas.
PhD Salaries Outside Academia
In the private sector, salaries for PhD holders can vary widely based on the industry and field of study. For example, Dr. Michael, who holds a PhD in Data Science, might secure a position in a tech company and command a salary ranging from $90,000 to $120,000 per year, given the high demand for data science expertise. On the other hand, Dr. Laura, with a PhD in Marketing, might find positions in consumer research or advertising agencies, earning a comparable salary range in a different industry.
PhD graduates often find fulfilling opportunities in government agencies or non-profit organizations. In these sectors, salaries may vary based on the role, responsibilities, and level of experience.
For instance, Dr. Patel, with a PhD in Public Health, might join a government health department and earn a salary ranging from $60,000 to $100,000 annually, depending on the specific position and location. Similarly, Dr. Nguyen, with a PhD in Education, could work for a non-profit focused on educational development, earning a salary in the range of $50,000 to $80,000 per year.
International Perspective
Salaries for PhD holders can vary significantly on a global scale. For instance, a PhD holder in Computer Science in the United States might earn an annual salary ranging from $70,000 to $150,000. In contrast, in India, a PhD holder in a similar field may earn a range of approximately $10,000 to $30,000 per year. The variation is influenced by factors such as the country’s economic development, demand for specialized skills, and cost of living.
International Factors Affect PhD Salary – Exchange Rates and Cost of Living:
Exchange rates and cost of living are crucial factors affecting salaries for PhD holders in different countries. Consider Dr. Anderson, a PhD holder in Environmental Engineering. If she relocates from the United Kingdom, where she earns £50,000 annually, to Switzerland, a country with a higher cost of living and strong currency, her equivalent salary might be around CHF 80,000. However, despite the seemingly higher salary, the increased cost of living might offset the apparent financial advantage.
Approximate salary comparison table for PhD holders based on working in academia, private sector, government, or non-profit organizations:
| Field of Work | Job Type | Approximate Salary Range (Per Year) |
|---|---|---|
| Academia | Postdoctoral Position | $40,000 – $70,000 |
| Academia | Assistant Professor | $60,000 – $90,000 |
| Academia | Tenured/Full Professor | $90,000 – $150,000+ |
| Private Sector | Entry-Level Position | $70,000 – $100,000 |
| Private Sector | Mid-Level Position | $100,000 – $150,000 |
| Private Sector | Senior-Level Position | $150,000+ |
| Government | Entry-Level Position | $60,000 – $90,000 |
| Government | Mid-Level Position | $90,000 – $120,000 |
| Government | Senior-Level Position | $120,000+ |
| Non-Profit Organizations | Program Manager | $50,000 – $80,000 |
| Non-Profit Organizations | Director | $80,000 – $120,000 |
| Non-Profit Organizations | Executive Director | $120,000+ |
Please note that these figures are approximate and can vary based on several factors including location, experience, specific organization, and field of study.
Tips for Maximizing Salary Potential
Networking is paramount for advancing in any career. Dr. Rodriguez, a PhD holder in Finance, attended industry conferences, where she met professionals and academics. Through these connections, she was introduced to job openings that weren’t publicly advertised. Networking helped her secure a position as a financial consultant with a significantly higher salary than she initially anticipated.
Continuous learning and skill development are essential to stay competitive. Dr. Chen, a PhD holder in Artificial Intelligence, regularly took online courses to enhance his programming and machine learning skills. His dedication to staying updated with the latest technologies made him an attractive candidate for a leading tech company, and he was able to negotiate a higher salary based on his specialized expertise.
Dr. Davis, a PhD holder in Business Administration, stressed the importance of negotiation. When offered a position as a senior researcher in a biotech company, he researched industry salary standards and prepared a compelling case for a higher salary and additional benefits. Through effective negotiation, he secured a salary 15% higher than the initial offer, along with flexible work hours.
Before We Conclude….
Please visit my article category RESEARCH CAREERS for various career opportunities for PhD candidates before and after completion of PhD.
Here’s a tabular format listing prominent companies across various domains along with their respective URLs for PhD related career opportunities:
| Domain | Company | Website |
|---|---|---|
| Technology and IT | ||
| Apple | ||
| Microsoft | ||
| IBM | ||
| Amazon | ||
| Biotechnology and Pharma | Pfizer | |
| Novartis | ||
| Roche | ||
| Johnson & Johnson | ||
| Genentech | ||
| Finance and Economics | Goldman Sachs | |
| JPMorgan Chase & Co. | ||
| Morgan Stanley | ||
| Federal Reserve | ||
| World Bank | ||
| Consulting | McKinsey & Company | |
| Boston Consulting Group (BCG) | ||
| Bain & Company | ||
| Deloitte | ||
| PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) | ||
| Aerospace and Defense | NASA | |
| Lockheed Martin | ||
| Boeing | ||
| Northrop Grumman | ||
| Raytheon Technologies | ||
| Energy and Environment | ExxonMobil | |
| Shell | ||
| Tesla | ||
| General Electric (GE) Renewable Energy | ||
| Siemens Energy | ||
| Automotive and Transportation | Tesla | |
| Ford Motor Company | ||
| General Motors (GM) | ||
| Toyota | ||
| Uber Technologies | ||
| Healthcare and Medical Devices | Johnson & Johnson | |
| Medtronic | ||
| Philips | ||
| Siemens Healthineers | ||
| GE Healthcare | ||
| Education and Research | Harvard University | |
| Stanford University | ||
| MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) | ||
| University of Oxford | ||
| ETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology) | ||
| Non-Profit and Social Impact | World Health Organization (WHO) | |
| United Nations (UN) | ||
| Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation | ||
| International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement | ||
| Oxfam International |
Please note that URLs and job opportunities may change over time, so it’s advisable to visit the respective company websites for the most up-to-date information on job openings and careers.
In this comprehensive exploration, we have dissected the various dimensions of salary expectations after obtaining a PhD. We started by understanding the factors influencing salaries, both within academia and beyond. From field of study and location to industry choice, these factors play a crucial role in determining one’s earning potential. We then examined the diverse salary landscapes in academia, private industry, government, and non-profit sectors. Furthermore, we emphasized the international perspective, shedding light on how salaries differ on a global scale. Lastly, we provided valuable tips on maximizing salary potential through networking, skill development, and effective negotiation.
Armed with the insights presented in this article, we encourage all aspiring and current PhD candidates to delve deeper into the salary landscapes of their respective fields. Further research, consultations with career advisors, and networking within their communities can provide a clearer picture of what to expect post-PhD. Knowledge is the cornerstone of success, and by acquiring a comprehensive understanding of salary expectations, individuals can confidently steer their career paths towards prosperity and fulfilment.
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2020-21 faculty compensation survey results.
Data collection for the AAUP’s 2020–21 Faculty Compensation Survey concluded in March, with 929 US colleges and universities providing employment data for nearly 380,000 full-time faculty members as well as senior administrators at nearly 600 institutions. In addition to full-time faculty employment data, institutions reported data for over 100,000 part-time faculty members who were employed in the prior academic year (2019–20). Data on part-time faculty were collected for the prior academic year, 2019–20, to ensure that institutions could provide complete data records.
The survey found that real wages for full-time faculty decreased for the first time since the Great Recession, and average wage growth for all ranks of full-time faculty was the lowest since the AAUP began tracking annual wage growth in 1972. After adjusting for inflation, real wages decreased at over two-thirds of colleges and universities. The number of full-time faculty decreased at over half of institutions.
To understand the ways in which institutions responded to the COVID-19 pandemic, the AAUP also asked participating institutions to identify how many faculty members–both tenure-line and non-tenure-track–were impacted by actions taken by institutions. US colleges and universities have taken a wide range of actions in response to financial difficulties stemming from the COVID-19 pandemic. At a time when many institutions were already struggling to balance their budgets, many lowered their expenditures by implementing hiring freezes, salary cuts, fringe benefit cuts, furloughs, and layoffs. The results of the AAUP’s 2020–21 Faculty Compensation Survey highlight the prevalence of such actions and how they have affected faculty members.
Key Findings on Full-time Faculty Salary Data
- Average salaries increased 1.0 percent. This is the smallest increase on record since the AAUP began tracking this measure in 1972.
- After adjusting for inflation, real average salaries decreased 0.4 percent. After adjusting for inflation (the Consumer Price Index, or CPI, increased 1.4 percent in 2020), real wages decreased for the first time since the 2011–12 academic year.
- For doctoral institutions, average salaries increased 0.6 percent. After adjusting for inflation, real wages decreased 0.8 percent at doctoral institutions.
- For master’s and baccalaureate institutions, average salaries increased 0.8 percent and 0.1 percent, respectively. After adjusting for inflation, real wages decreased 0.6 percent and 1.3 percent, respectively.
- For associate’s institutions with faculty ranking systems, average salaries increased 1.7 percent, an increase of 0.3 percent in real terms. For associate’s institutions without faculty ranking systems, average salaries decreased 2.7 percent, a decrease of 4.1 percent after adjusting for inflation.
- Average salaries decreased at 42 percent of colleges and universities surveyed. Real wages decreased at 68 percent of colleges and universities after adjusting for inflation.
- Average salary growth varied by institutional control and religious affiliation. Average salaries increased 1.1 percent among public and private religiously affiliated colleges and universities, while average salaries among private independent institutions increased 0.2 percent.
Key Findings on Institutions' Responses to the COVID-19 Pandemic
- Nearly 60 percent implemented salary freezes or reductions.
- About 30 percent eliminated or reduced some form of fringe benefits.
- Over 5 percent did not reappoint or terminated contracts for at least some tenure-line faculty.
- Over 20 percent did not renew contracts or terminated contracts for at least some non-tenure-track faculty.
- Almost 10 percent implemented furloughs for at least some faculty.
- Over 50 percent took some other action for tenure-line faculty. The most common action described was some type of early retirement program.
- Almost 30 percent took some other action for non-tenure-line faculty.
- Almost 50 percent implemented tenure-clock modifications for at least some tenure-track faculty.
Complete analyses and discussion of the impact of the COVID–19 pandemic on faculty members and other results from this year's survey will be presented in the upcoming Annual Report on the Economic Status of the Profession, to be released in May. Although part-time faculty have surely been disproportionally impacted by the COVID–19 pandemic, data on part-time faculty were collected for the prior academic year, 2019–20, thus precluding in-depth analysis of how part-time faculty have been impacted this year. In general, institutions cannot provide employment data on part-time faculty until the end of the academic year.
Key Findings on the Number of Full-time Faculty Members
The number of full-time faculty members did not change significantly from last year. However, there was considerable variation with each institution type.
- The number of full-time faculty members decreased at 62 percent of institutions overall.
- At 26 percent of institutions, the number of full-time faculty members decreased at least 5 percent.
- The number of full-time faculty members decreased 0.3 percent overall.
- There was a small increase in full-time faculty members at doctoral institutions, and more substantial decreases at all other institution types. The number of full-time faculty members increased 0.8 percent at doctoral institutions, decreased 2.2 percent at master’s institutions, decreased 1.6 percent at baccalaureate institutions, and decreased 3.1 percent at associate’s institutions.
- The number of full-time faculty increased very slightly at public institutions and dropped at other institution types. The number of full-time faculty members increased 0.1 percent at public institutions, decreased 0.6 percent at private independent institutions, and decreased 2.4 percent at private religiously affiliated institutions.
The AAUP 2020–21 Faculty Compensation Survey results include two tables presenting annual full-time faculty salary growth by rank in both nominal and real terms from 1972 to the present, eighteen summary tables that allow for comparisons among different categories of colleges and universities, and three institution-specific appendices that provide average pay and benefits data for each participating institution.
Data Components Now Available:
- Salary differences by institutional category, control, affiliation, and region. [Survey Report Tables 1, 2, 4, and 5]
- Gender differences. [Survey Report Tables 3, 6, and 7]
- Retirement benefits. [Survey Report Table 8]
- Medical benefits. [Survey Report Table 9]
- Dependent tuition benefits. [Survey Report Table 10]
- Administrator salaries. [Survey Report Tables 11, 12, 13, and 14]
- Part-time faculty pay (2019–20). [Survey Report Table 15]
- Part-time faculty benefits (2019–20). [Survey Report Table 16]
Download the survey tables .
Download the appendices . (Note: appendices include corrections made following the initial data release.)
Important: The appendices are designed to be viewed as two-page spreads. In order to view the appendices as a spread, please download the PDF and reopen it after saving.
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How much does a College Professor make in the United States?
- College Professor Salary The average College Professor salary in the United States is $170,913 as of August 27, 2024. The range for our most popular College Professor positions (listed below) typically falls between $81,283 and $260,544. Keep in mind that salary ranges can vary widely depending on many important factors, including position, education, certifications, additional skills, and the number of years you have spent in your profession. With more online, real-time compensation data than any other website, Salary.com helps you determine your exact pay target.
| Job Title | Salary | Hourly Rate | Location | Date Updated |
| $101,886 | United States | August 27, 2024 | ||
| $110,304 | United States | August 27, 2024 | ||
| $188,732 | United States | August 27, 2024 | ||
| $112,847 | United States | August 27, 2024 | ||
| $123,363 | United States | August 27, 2024 | ||
| $114,050 | United States | August 27, 2024 | ||
| $106,592 | United States | August 27, 2024 | ||
| $148,063 | United States | August 27, 2024 | ||
| $102,202 | United States | August 27, 2024 | ||
| $130,766 | United States | August 27, 2024 |
- Professor - English Teaches courses in the discipline area of English. Develops and designs curriculum plans to foster student learning, stimulate class discussions, and ensures student engagement. Provides tutoring and academic counseling to students, maintains classes related records, and assesses student coursework. Collaborates and supports colleagues regarding research interests and co-curricular activities. Typically reports to a department head. Requires a PhD or terminal degree appropriate to the field. Has considerable experience and is qualified to teach at undergraduate and graduate levels and initiates research and case studies in field of interest and may publish findings in trade journals or textbooks. Provides intellectual leadership and has made significant contributions to the field. May offer independent study opportunities and mentoring to students. Typically this individual is a leader in the field and has been published. View Professor - English Salary Alternate Job Titles :College Professor - English, University Professor - English, Professor - English Category : Education
- Professor - History Teaches courses in the discipline area of history. Develops and designs curriculum plans to foster student learning, stimulate class discussions, and ensures student engagement. Provides tutoring and academic counseling to students, maintains classes related records, and assesses student coursework. Collaborates and supports colleagues regarding research interests and co-curricular activities. Typically reports to a department head. Requires a PhD or terminal degree appropriate to the field. Has considerable experience and is qualified to teach at undergraduate and graduate levels and initiates research and case studies in field of interest and may publish findings in trade journals or textbooks. Provides intellectual leadership and has made significant contributions to the field. May offer independent study opportunities and mentoring to students. Typically this individual is a leader in the field and has been published. View Professor - History Salary Alternate Job Titles :College Professor - History, University Professor - History, Professor - History Category : Education
- Professor - Law Teaches courses in the discipline area of law. Develops and designs curriculum plans to foster student learning, stimulate class discussions, and ensures student engagement. Provides tutoring and academic counseling to students, maintains classes related records, and assesses student coursework. Collaborates and supports colleagues regarding research interests and co-curricular activities. Typically reports to a department head. Requires a PhD or terminal degree appropriate to the field. Has considerable experience and is qualified to teach at undergraduate and graduate levels and initiates research and case studies in field of interest and may publish findings in trade journals or textbooks. Provides intellectual leadership and has made significant contributions to the field. May offer independent study opportunities and mentoring to students. Typically this individual is a leader in the field and has been published. View Professor - Law Salary Alternate Job Titles :College Professor - Law, University Professor - Law, Professor - Law Category : Education
- Professor - Mathematics Teaches courses in the discipline area of mathematics and statistics. Develops and designs curriculum plans to foster student learning, stimulate class discussions, and ensures student engagement. Provides tutoring and academic counseling to students, maintains classes related records, and assesses student coursework. Collaborates and supports colleagues regarding research interests and co-curricular activities. Typically reports to a department head. Requires a PhD or terminal degree appropriate to the field. Has considerable experience and is qualified to teach at undergraduate and graduate levels and initiates research and case studies in field of interest and may publish findings in trade journals or textbooks. Provides intellectual leadership and has made significant contributions to the field. May offer independent study opportunities and mentoring to students. Typically this individual is a leader in the field and has been published. View Professor - Mathematics Salary Alternate Job Titles :College Professor - Mathematics, University Professor - Mathematics, Professor - Mathematics Category : Education
- Professor - Architecture Teaches courses in the discipline area of architecture. Develops and designs curriculum plans to foster student learning, stimulate class discussions, and ensures student engagement. Provides tutoring and academic counseling to students, maintains classes related records, and assesses student coursework. Collaborates and supports colleagues regarding research interests and co-curricular activities. Typically reports to a department head. Requires a PhD or terminal degree appropriate to the field. Has considerable experience and is qualified to teach at undergraduate and graduate levels and initiates research and case studies in field of interest and may publish findings in trade journals or textbooks. Provides intellectual leadership and has made significant contributions to the field. May offer independent study opportunities and mentoring to students. Typically this individual is a leader in the field and has been published. View Professor - Architecture Salary Alternate Job Titles :College Professor - Architecture, University Professor - Architecture, Professor - Architecture Category : Education
- Professor - Chemistry Teaches courses in the discipline area of chemistry. Develops and designs curriculum plans to foster student learning, stimulate class discussions, and ensures student engagement. Provides tutoring and academic counseling to students, maintains classes related records, and assesses student coursework. Collaborates and supports colleagues regarding research interests and co-curricular activities. Typically reports to a department head. Requires a PhD or terminal degree appropriate to the field. Has considerable experience and is qualified to teach at undergraduate and graduate levels and initiates research and case studies in field of interest and may publish findings in trade journals or textbooks. Provides intellectual leadership and has made significant contributions to the field. May offer independent study opportunities and mentoring to students. Typically this individual is a leader in the field and has been published. View Professor - Chemistry Salary Alternate Job Titles :College Professor - Chemistry, University Professor - Chemistry, Professor - Chemistry Category : Education
- Professor - Communication Teaches courses in the discipline area of communication. Develops and designs curriculum plans to foster student learning, stimulate class discussions, and ensures student engagement. Provides tutoring and academic counseling to students, maintains classes related records, and assesses student coursework. Collaborates and supports colleagues regarding research interests and co-curricular activities. Typically reports to a department head. Requires a PhD or terminal degree appropriate to the field. Has considerable experience and is qualified to teach at undergraduate and graduate levels and initiates research and case studies in field of interest and may publish findings in trade journals or textbooks. Provides intellectual leadership and has made significant contributions to the field. May offer independent study opportunities and mentoring to students. Typically this individual is a leader in the field and has been published. View Professor - Communication Salary Alternate Job Titles :College Professor - Communication, University Professor - Communication, Professor - Communication Category : Education
- Professor - Dentistry Teaches courses in the discipline area of dentistry. Develops and designs curriculum plans to foster student learning, stimulate class discussions, and ensures student engagement. Provides tutoring and academic counseling to students, maintains classes related records, and assesses student coursework. Collaborates and supports colleagues regarding research interests and co-curricular activities. Typically reports to a department head. Requires a PhD or terminal degree appropriate to the field. Has considerable experience and is qualified to teach at undergraduate and graduate levels and initiates research and case studies in field of interest and may publish findings in trade journals or textbooks. Provides intellectual leadership and has made significant contributions to the field. May offer independent study opportunities and mentoring to students. Typically this individual is a leader in the field and has been published. View Professor - Dentistry Salary Alternate Job Titles :College Professor - Dentistry, University Professor - Dentistry, Professor - Dentistry Category : Education
- Professor - Drama Teaches courses in the discipline area of drama and theater arts. Develops and designs curriculum plans to foster student learning, stimulate class discussions, and ensures student engagement. Provides tutoring and academic counseling to students, maintains classes related records, and assesses student coursework. Collaborates and supports colleagues regarding research interests and co-curricular activities. Typically reports to a department head. Requires a PhD or terminal degree appropriate to the field. Has considerable experience and is qualified to teach at undergraduate and graduate levels and initiates research and case studies in field of interest and may publish findings in trade journals or textbooks. Provides intellectual leadership and has made significant contributions to the field. May offer independent study opportunities and mentoring to students. Typically this individual is a leader in the field and has been published. View Professor - Drama Salary Alternate Job Titles :College Professor - Drama, University Professor - Drama, Professor - Drama Category : Education
- Professor - Economics Teaches courses in the discipline area of economics. Develops and designs curriculum plans to foster student learning, stimulate class discussions, and ensures student engagement. Provides tutoring and academic counseling to students, maintains classes related records, and assesses student coursework. Collaborates and supports colleagues regarding research interests and co-curricular activities. Typically reports to a department head. Requires a PhD or terminal degree appropriate to the field. Has considerable experience and is qualified to teach at undergraduate and graduate levels and initiates research and case studies in field of interest and may publish findings in trade journals or textbooks. Provides intellectual leadership and has made significant contributions to the field. May offer independent study opportunities and mentoring to students. Typically this individual is a leader in the field and has been published. View Professor - Economics Salary Alternate Job Titles :College Professor - Economics, University Professor - Economics, Professor - Economics Category : Education
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After my PhD how much salary should I expect as a professor of computer science?
It's easy for me to find out salaries for tech-jobs but it seems Professor salaries are quite hush-hush. I really love to teach and would be more than willing to join academia. However, I may choose to work for a few years in the industry before doing so. But even for information sake it's really really hard to figure out a tenure and tenure track professor's salary. It's rude to just ask my professors/colleagues directly :P
I'm interested in knowing an 'expected' range for the following countries - preferably both state and private universities (Computer Science). I'm not sure if there is a difference between the MS/PhD faculty and BS/B.Tech/BE though, but it'd be great to highlight the same.
- United States
- Europe (Switzerland, Germany more preferable)
- Australia/New Zealand
- India/China
Intent of information - awareness to take a better decision on the 'money dimension'. Please don't get me wrong, I am not intending to take a job with the most money but if a faculty position pays USD $50,000 per annum after 5 years of intensive effort, I'd like to hold off for a while. If "it depends" then on what does it depend and after I satisfy those dependencies, what can/should I expect?
UPDATE : Just for clarification, I am on the verge of completing my PhD thus piquing my curiosity about the remuneration since it's difficult to ask your advisor or other faculty members. I have and mostly been asked to wait for infinity for the response, hence the question :) I just wanted to know so that I can take an informed decision when I'm at the crossroads of applying for academia vs industry . Please don't get me wrong. I DO NOT wish to undermine the value of a PhD. I'm genuinely curious and I personally enjoy every bit of my work and it's NOT ABOUT THE MONEY :)
- professorship
- computer-science
- Slightly related: academia.stackexchange.com/questions/718/… – Bravo Commented Jul 9, 2012 at 4:07
- 34 The framing of the question is weird. Before getting a PhD, you have no hope of a professor position at all. The number of years you take to finish your PhD has no significant effect on your expected salary. There is absolutely no guarantee of a faculty job after completing a PhD, even in computer science; quite the opposite. And finally, CS professors make significantly less than their peers in the computing industry; if you're really that worried about money, DON'T GET A PHD . – JeffE Commented Jul 9, 2012 at 4:40
- 5 @JeffE - noted and updated accordingly. Apologies for that. I'm NOT worried about the money, just curious :P – PhD Commented Jul 9, 2012 at 4:48
- Take a look at fin.gov.on.ca/en/publications/salarydisclosure/2012/… for Canada. – Simd Commented Jul 28, 2014 at 15:41
10 Answers 10
For the United State, see http://cra.org/resources/taulbee/ for salary survey data in computer science. Of course, as Suresh points out there's enormous variation. The median salary for a tenure-track assistant professor in computer science at a US research university is about $90k, but some make quite a bit less.
- 1 Note that the $90k figure is out of date - check the survey itself. Median in 2015 is up to $99K. They survey will be a few years behind, too, so it's worth extrapolating based on growth over the past few years (seeks like ~$3K growth per year). – thomas8wp Commented Apr 11, 2018 at 17:06
First of all, you assume that after finishing a PhD, your chances for a professor position are good. As far as I can say (a CS post-doc@EU university), this is generally not straightforward unless you deliver a star PhD. Otherwise, expect at least one post-doc appointment. After a return from industry, unless you were very active in the research community during your time with a company, again post-doc is what you should expect.
Now to the answers, a European perspective. Generally in the EU, probably except for the UK, the academic salaries are governed by tables subject to annual change. In many countries these would be fixed without a variable component based on performance.
The positions of research assistants underlie TVoeD regulation (BAT in the past). There is no special category for a post-doc, all research assistants are treated equally. The salary scale reflects the individual's experience, that is, officially years of employment. Generally that should include also academic experience abroad too. Find the current tables also here - note the scales differ for West Germany, East Germany, Berlin and Hessen. You are interested in the class E13.
Professorships are remunerated according to the W scale . Again the salary differs from state to state, but according to this , we speak a baseline of about EUR 47k , EUR 53k and EUR 65k a year for W1, W2 and W3 professorship positions. W1 is for a Juniorprofessor , roughly equivalent to an assistant professor. W2 and W3 are two different levels of full professorship, the particular difference is mainly an experience/salary issue. The salaries are again graded in steps according to the number of years of experience at the particular position. You start at 0 and from there your grades increase.
Note however, at least in CS and generally in STEM, Germany does not fare very well in terms of foreigners on senior academic positions. It's relatively rare to encounter a non-German (or Swiss/Austrian) holding a professorship at a German public university.
Netherlands:
The system is slightly simpler than in Germany, the salaries are fixed according to CAO (Collective Labour Agreement) regulation and subject to annual/bi-annual negotiation and modification. You can find the information on CAO here . Salary-wise you are interested in the salary table , columns H1 and H2 (Professor 1 and Professor 2). These are full professorships. Here we speak about EUR 65k and EUR 58k respectively as a baseline from which the annual grading increase starts. For a assistant professor, the columns of interest are 11-13, so the variance is big. E.g., 11 is also for post-docs, though sometimes assistant professors get that as well. Depends on the particular position.
Now considering positions in the Netherlands taken by foreigners, you are eligible for a so called 30% rule which basically states that you do not have to pay taxes for 30% of your income. That leads to a significant salary increase for foreigners in the first years of their employment in the Netherlands so even the assistant professor salary grades might not look extremely interesting, considering the 30% rule, they turn out to be fine.
All the quotes should be understood brutto before taxation and social system/healthcare/++ deductions.
- Regarding the salaries in Germany, do these numbers include the taxes? or is this what the professor ends up receiving in cash? – Mohamed Khamis Commented Dec 24, 2014 at 0:26
- @MohamedKhamis: see my comment at the end of the answer. All numbers are pre-tax, i.e., subject to taxation. – walkmanyi Commented Dec 25, 2014 at 10:17
- 1 In Germany, you can (and usually will) get Zulagen on top of your W salary, which are a matter of negotiations. Having a job offer from a different university helps in these negotiations, as does having a good paper output or getting a lot of grants. Zulagen start at 250 EUR per month, but can go up to 50% or even more of your base salary. In addition, you get Familienzuschläge for having a spouse/kids, and subsidized health insurance ( Beihilfe ). It's an arcane system, but the W base salary definitely is not the full story. – Stephan Kolassa Commented Mar 30, 2015 at 18:40
While it is a good question which people naturally would like to know before committing for a PhD, a definitive answer is next to impossible.
Your question on Indian public sector is best answered by Prof Giridhar Madras's blog. In this post , for example, he talks about a new professor getting Rs 52000 per month plus accommodation. Then there are scholarships, consulting work for many small companies (whose numbers are bound to be high in a rising economy), vacation period of 3 months when you "get paid in international currency" (ref:GM's blog), paid conference trips, travel allowances within India, etc.
You cannot directly compare this with any private sector company: you are obviously going to get paid more, but you are stuck inside those cubicles with monotonous work and you are likely to lack intellectual freedom.
Regarding Indian private sector , things are hush-hush, and depend on your personality, education, job offers, negotiations, etc. But I would say deemed universities in India are particularly wealthy given India's population and the general affordability to pay high fees. On the flip-side, your colleagues and students are unlikely to be intelligent or sharp, as most of India's intellectual wealth generally lie within the IITs (and at times, the NITs, CEG, etc).
There are many factors that go into figuring out the answer.
- location - different countries/systems have different ways of paying
- area: salaries vary HUGELY across areas. You didn't mention your area, but you can expect that salaries in the humanities are less than those in engineering which might in turn be less than those in law/business/medicine
- private/public: in the US salaries of profs at public universities are public knowledge - if you look up the university of Utah you can get my salary and that of all my colleagues. Public universities usually have public scales - private universities are - well - private.
- level: I assume you're starting at the lowest level, but based on experience/demand things can vary a lot.
To get information, best to lookup surveys that are usually run by professional organizations in your area - they'll give you good ballpark estimates.
Ultimately you have to remember that a faculty salary, like any other salary, is a market-driven quantity with value set by the market. So it's very important to understand the local economy that drives the numbers - the above factors are some of the main drivers.
There's enormous variation in both field and university. I would however suggest that professorial salaries are not entirely "hush-hush". For example, the University of North Carolina system has all their salary information available to the public:
http://www.newsobserver.com/2011/02/24/1011452/university-employee-salaries.html
Look up the department you're interested in, get some names of their lower ranked faculty, and look them up to give yourself a ballpark estimate.
They also break down State and Non-State funding so you can get an idea of how much of the salary is hard money and how much of it is based on grant support.
- 2 Similarly for Illinois: data.illinimedia.com/salaries/index – JeffE Commented Jul 9, 2012 at 4:42
- 9 You can search for faculty salaries at about 50 different public US universities here: collegiatetimes.com/databases/salaries – JeffE Commented Jul 9, 2012 at 4:54
Australian discussion
Pay scales are available on most university web sites:
The first challenge is to get a job. You may need a year or two post doc experience before you can get a level B lecturer position. For reasonable performance you'll typically go up one increment each year (i.e., B1, B2, etc. to B6). To go to C (Senior Lecturer), D (Associate Professor), or E (Professor), it is not automatic. You need to meet more criteria.
- Isn't there any difference in pay across dept.s? Does an asst. prof. in a business school earn the same as one in an engg. dept.? – Bravo Commented Jul 12, 2012 at 5:40
- The general rule is that the pay is the same for equivalent rank in a given public university. However, there are a few exceptions; some business schools pay more. I have also heard people say that in domains where external job opportunities are greater that less is required in order to achieve a given rank (but this is open to debate). I'm sure there are other exceptions also. – Jeromy Anglim Commented Jul 12, 2012 at 6:54
Your expectation should depend on both the potential salary (which the other answers are provided reasonable estimates of) and the probably of the outcome (which most of the other answers have not touched on). If you have not started a PhD program yet, your expectation about how much you will make as a professor should be $0 since the probability of becoming a professor is essentially zero. Even using generous numbers 0.5 get into PhD programs, of those 0.5 finish PhD (0.25 of those who apply). Of those only 0.5 will get a post doc position (0.125 of those who apply for a PhD). Then you have TT position (0.06) and tenure (0.03).
Australian starting salary with a PhD is around 70-80K USD. Up to 100K after 5 or so years, ++ if you are a super academic/head the faculty etc.
Cost of living is quite a bit higher than the US.
Tenure doesnt exist in Aus, you will be an academic as long as you can bring in research dollars/you teach important subjects that bring in students. There are no private universities here.
- 6 There are private universities in Australia, they are just relatively uncommon. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Private_university#Australia – tobyodavies Commented Jul 9, 2012 at 23:50
- Australian computer developer salary is about 120K-160K Australian USD – albanx Commented Jul 25, 2016 at 20:28
Following this question: What's the net income of a W1/W2 german professor? , and according to this link , in Germany and in 2008, the monthly gross salary could go from 3500 euros per month up to 7000 euros per month.
in Spain you can max out some 35k€ / year
Some details to complete the answer:
I am "Profesor Titular" (senior lecturer with a tenure position, like a second class Professorship). I have 15 years experience My total income last year was EUR 45ooo. That included 2ooo for an extra course, 27oo for a positive evaluation of research and 86oo for the 15 years. That gives a basic salary of about EUR 31ooo when you start. But when you start you have a lower category, so the first salary is lower. There are also variations depending on the region. I pay about 12ooo for taxes and insurance. That leaved some 33ooo as true income. With the cutbacks, I expect some 30ooo this year.
- 9 Any references to support that? – TCSGrad Commented Jul 10, 2012 at 10:06
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Tenured/Tenure-Track Faculty Salaries
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Below are tenured/tenure-track faculty salaries from the 2018-19 Faculty in Higher Education Survey conducted by The College and University Professional Association for Human Resources (CUPA-HR). Findings detailed aggregate salary information from 847 institutions for 171,487 full-time tenure-track faculty. Order complete survey results .
Filter Results By:
Agriculture, agriculture operations, and related sciences.
| Job Title | All Institutions | Research Doctoral | Other Doctoral | Master's | Baccalaureate | Associate's | |
| Professor | $109,098 | $112,027 | $97,938 | $85,192 | *n/a | *n/a | |
| Associate Professor | $85,598 | $88,193 | *n/a | $65,890 | *n/a | *n/a | |
| New Assistant Professor | $76,000 | $78,500 | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | |
| Instructor | $58,937 | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | $57,532 | |
| Assistant Professor (Excl. New) | $74,508 | $76,943 | $66,560 | $60,282 | *n/a | *n/a | |
| Assistant Professor (Incl. New) | $74,582 | $77,034 | *n/a | $59,500 | *n/a | *n/a |
Natural Resources and Conservation
| Job Title | All Institutions | Research Doctoral | Other Doctoral | Master's | Baccalaureate | Associate's | |
| Professor | $103,351 | $105,421 | *n/a | $93,683 | $97,687 | *n/a | |
| Associate Professor | $83,718 | $86,559 | $85,375 | $74,319 | $74,777 | *n/a | |
| New Assistant Professor | $75,000 | $75,469 | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | |
| Instructor | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | |
| Assistant Professor (Excl. New) | $73,506 | $76,187 | $69,467 | $61,201 | $67,143 | *n/a | |
| Assistant Professor (Incl. New) | $73,558 | $76,005 | $69,136 | $61,500 | $67,000 | *n/a |
Architecture and Related Services
| Job Title | All Institutions | Research Doctoral | Other Doctoral | Master's | Baccalaureate | Associate's | |
| Professor | $113,691 | $114,066 | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | $77,319 | |
| Associate Professor | $87,564 | $87,883 | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | |
| New Assistant Professor | $72,000 | $72,000 | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | |
| Instructor | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | |
| Assistant Professor (Excl. New) | $72,107 | $73,075 | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | |
| Assistant Professor (Incl. New) | $72,081 | $72,600 | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a |
Area, Ethnic, Cultural, Gender and Group Studies
| Job Title | All Institutions | Research Doctoral | Other Doctoral | Master's | Baccalaureate | Associate's | |
| Professor | $112,582 | $121,863 | $103,872 | $94,081 | $106,000 | *n/a | |
| Associate Professor | $85,115 | $89,460 | *n/a | $69,927 | *n/a | *n/a | |
| New Assistant Professor | $74,000 | $72,500 | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | |
| Instructor | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | |
| Assistant Professor (Excl. New) | $70,359 | $72,000 | $64,000 | $63,804 | $76,245 | *n/a | |
| Assistant Professor (Incl. New) | $70,515 | $72,000 | $64,000 | $64,037 | $76,245 | *n/a |
Communication, Journalism and Related Programs
| Job Title | All Institutions | Research Doctoral | Other Doctoral | Master's | Baccalaureate | Associate's | |
| Professor | $93,698 | $110,988 | $94,111 | $84,521 | $73,901 | $75,066 | |
| Associate Professor | $75,478 | $83,323 | $74,346 | $70,994 | $64,375 | $62,049 | |
| New Assistant Professor | $63,930 | $68,004 | *n/a | $58,000 | $57,000 | *n/a | |
| Instructor | $54,372 | *n/a | *n/a | $45,628 | *n/a | *n/a | |
| Assistant Professor (Excl. New) | $63,276 | $69,948 | $61,593 | $60,033 | $55,080 | *n/a | |
| Assistant Professor (Incl. New) | $63,423 | $69,770 | $60,985 | $60,000 | $55,080 | $52,703 |
Communications Technologies/Technicians and Support Services
| Job Title | All Institutions | Research Doctoral | Other Doctoral | Master's | Baccalaureate | Associate's | |
| Professor | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | $66,243 | |
| Associate Professor | $73,850 | *n/a | *n/a | $73,135 | *n/a | *n/a | |
| New Assistant Professor | $58,879 | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | |
| Instructor | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | |
| Assistant Professor (Excl. New) | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | |
| Assistant Professor (Incl. New) | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a |
Computer and Information Sciences and Support Services
| Job Title | All Institutions | Research Doctoral | Other Doctoral | Master's | Baccalaureate | Associate's | |
| Professor | $125,499 | $149,253 | $125,239 | $109,755 | $98,841 | $75,619 | |
| Associate Professor | $103,588 | $116,385 | $105,960 | $90,935 | $84,755 | $64,682 | |
| New Assistant Professor | $95,000 | $104,000 | *n/a | $84,500 | *n/a | *n/a | |
| Instructor | *n/a | *n/a | $68,404 | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | |
| Assistant Professor (Excl. New) | $90,456 | $100,346 | $90,532 | $79,870 | $73,124 | $63,248 | |
| Assistant Professor (Incl. New) | $90,878 | $100,552 | $90,869 | $80,000 | $74,000 | $62,610 |
Personal and Culinary Services
| Job Title | All Institutions | Research Doctoral | Other Doctoral | Master's | Baccalaureate | Associate's | |
| Professor | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | |
| Associate Professor | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | |
| New Assistant Professor | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | |
| Instructor | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | |
| Assistant Professor (Excl. New) | $57,478 | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | |
| Assistant Professor (Incl. New) | $57,625 | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a |
| Job Title | All Institutions | Research Doctoral | Other Doctoral | Master's | Baccalaureate | Associate's | |
| Professor | $91,435 | $106,016 | $89,961 | $85,057 | $82,197 | *n/a | |
| Associate Professor | $75,279 | $81,750 | $72,360 | $70,208 | $68,066 | *n/a | |
| New Assistant Professor | $62,000 | $70,000 | $61,441 | $58,000 | $55,000 | *n/a | |
| Instructor | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | $51,250 | *n/a | |
| Assistant Professor (Excl. New) | $63,750 | $69,435 | $62,500 | $60,000 | $56,733 | *n/a | |
| Assistant Professor (Incl. New) | $63,500 | $69,514 | $62,000 | $60,000 | $56,536 | *n/a |
Engineering
| Job Title | All Institutions | Research Doctoral | Other Doctoral | Master's | Baccalaureate | Associate's | |
| Professor | $138,891 | $145,020 | $116,046 | $106,679 | *n/a | $80,232 | |
| Associate Professor | $104,236 | $107,949 | $95,219 | $92,060 | *n/a | $77,172 | |
| New Assistant Professor | $90,167 | $94,000 | $84,500 | $80,000 | *n/a | *n/a | |
| Instructor | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | |
| Assistant Professor (Excl. New) | $90,230 | $94,000 | $85,000 | $80,000 | $73,000 | $61,252 | |
| Assistant Professor (Incl. New) | $90,215 | $94,000 | $85,000 | $80,000 | $74,301 | $60,671 |
Engineering Technologies and Engineering Related Fields
| Job Title | All Institutions | Research Doctoral | Other Doctoral | Master's | Baccalaureate | Associate's | |
| Professor | $94,230 | $118,142 | $97,059 | $93,590 | *n/a | $77,068 | |
| Associate Professor | $80,795 | $92,878 | *n/a | $77,295 | *n/a | *n/a | |
| New Assistant Professor | $70,000 | $78,500 | *n/a | $68,500 | *n/a | *n/a | |
| Instructor | $56,989 | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | $56,556 | |
| Assistant Professor (Excl. New) | $72,302 | $81,811 | $73,797 | $70,000 | *n/a | $57,800 | |
| Assistant Professor (Incl. New) | $72,000 | $81,622 | $73,899 | $70,000 | *n/a | $56,188 |
Foreign Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics
| Job Title | All Institutions | Research Doctoral | Other Doctoral | Master's | Baccalaureate | Associate's | |
| Professor | $93,483 | $103,222 | $88,228 | $83,816 | $91,875 | $75,118 | |
| Associate Professor | $74,472 | $78,077 | $71,842 | $67,411 | $72,730 | $63,484 | |
| New Assistant Professor | $64,980 | $70,000 | *n/a | $58,000 | $69,000 | *n/a | |
| Instructor | $55,396 | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | |
| Assistant Professor (Excl. New) | $61,330 | $66,258 | $59,015 | $57,738 | $60,625 | $60,459 | |
| Assistant Professor (Incl. New) | $61,774 | $66,438 | $58,989 | $57,820 | $61,218 | $59,438 |
Family and Consumer Sciences/Human Sciences
| Job Title | All Institutions | Research Doctoral | Other Doctoral | Master's | Baccalaureate | Associate's | |
| Professor | $100,909 | $115,250 | *n/a | $80,226 | *n/a | $73,720 | |
| Associate Professor | $82,058 | $85,571 | *n/a | $69,791 | *n/a | $62,721 | |
| New Assistant Professor | $67,000 | $72,980 | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | |
| Instructor | $56,031 | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | |
| Assistant Professor (Excl. New) | $68,095 | $72,898 | $63,735 | $60,471 | *n/a | *n/a | |
| Assistant Professor (Incl. New) | $68,082 | $72,904 | $63,735 | $60,441 | *n/a | *n/a |
Legal Professions and Studies
| Job Title | All Institutions | Research Doctoral | Other Doctoral | Master's | Baccalaureate | Associate's | |
| Professor | $165,948 | $178,146 | $165,805 | $150,205 | *n/a | $77,868 | |
| Associate Professor | $126,246 | $132,223 | $122,142 | $99,428 | *n/a | *n/a | |
| New Assistant Professor | $105,000 | $105,000 | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | |
| Instructor | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | |
| Assistant Professor (Excl. New) | $99,499 | $110,286 | *n/a | $78,708 | *n/a | *n/a | |
| Assistant Professor (Incl. New) | $101,303 | $109,400 | $104,718 | $75,206 | *n/a | *n/a |
English Language and Literature/Letters
| Job Title | All Institutions | Research Doctoral | Other Doctoral | Master's | Baccalaureate | Associate's | |
| Professor | $88,560 | $102,434 | $86,133 | $84,275 | $84,317 | $73,303 | |
| Associate Professor | $71,498 | $78,629 | $71,421 | $67,184 | $67,337 | $62,078 | |
| New Assistant Professor | $62,000 | $67,500 | $61,500 | $59,000 | $55,575 | *n/a | |
| Instructor | $53,072 | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | $56,258 | |
| Assistant Professor (Excl. New) | $60,825 | $66,000 | $61,051 | $58,065 | $58,139 | *n/a | |
| Assistant Professor (Incl. New) | $60,914 | $66,220 | $61,051 | $58,185 | $57,834 | *n/a |
Liberal Arts and Sciences, General Studies and Humanities
| Job Title | All Institutions | Research Doctoral | Other Doctoral | Master's | Baccalaureate | Associate's | |
| Professor | $89,604 | $100,083 | *n/a | $87,632 | $86,347 | $69,323 | |
| Associate Professor | $75,434 | $85,745 | *n/a | $67,432 | *n/a | $62,817 | |
| New Assistant Professor | $63,000 | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | |
| Instructor | $46,464 | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | |
| Assistant Professor (Excl. New) | $62,536 | *n/a | *n/a | $63,645 | *n/a | $62,235 | |
| Assistant Professor (Incl. New) | $63,000 | *n/a | *n/a | $63,560 | *n/a | $62,235 |
Library Science
| Job Title | All Institutions | Research Doctoral | Other Doctoral | Master's | Baccalaureate | Associate's | |
| Professor | $84,273 | $120,000 | $76,829 | *n/a | *n/a | $66,828 | |
| Associate Professor | $71,816 | $76,654 | $67,506 | $67,119 | *n/a | $61,588 | |
| New Assistant Professor | $62,421 | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | |
| Instructor | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | |
| Assistant Professor (Excl. New) | $59,000 | $65,000 | $59,807 | $57,000 | *n/a | *n/a | |
| Assistant Professor (Incl. New) | $59,078 | $67,425 | $59,246 | $56,275 | *n/a | *n/a |
Biological and Biomedical Sciences
| Job Title | All Institutions | Research Doctoral | Other Doctoral | Master's | Baccalaureate | Associate's | |
| Professor | $106,554 | $125,937 | $92,241 | $85,781 | $83,795 | $74,424 | |
| Associate Professor | $82,733 | $93,660 | $75,411 | $69,529 | $67,819 | $60,765 | |
| New Assistant Professor | $70,000 | $80,004 | $63,750 | $61,500 | $55,920 | *n/a | |
| Instructor | $64,652 | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | $43,671 | *n/a | |
| Assistant Professor (Excl. New) | $71,340 | $81,043 | $66,344 | $60,137 | $59,796 | $59,349 | |
| Assistant Professor (Incl. New) | $71,138 | $80,990 | $65,385 | $60,260 | $59,326 | $59,348 |
Mathematics and Statistics
| Job Title | All Institutions | Research Doctoral | Other Doctoral | Master's | Baccalaureate | Associate's | |
| Professor | $96,996 | $115,225 | $92,513 | $85,508 | $89,084 | $76,317 | |
| Associate Professor | $76,266 | $88,127 | $77,063 | $69,317 | $69,475 | $60,291 | |
| New Assistant Professor | $72,999 | $80,000 | $65,942 | $64,885 | $69,000 | *n/a | |
| Instructor | $56,182 | *n/a | *n/a | $49,042 | *n/a | *n/a | |
| Assistant Professor (Excl. New) | $66,345 | $80,381 | $66,670 | $61,050 | $61,500 | $57,705 | |
| Assistant Professor (Incl. New) | $67,108 | $80,064 | $66,670 | $61,357 | $61,950 | $56,715 |
Multi/Interdisciplinary Studies
| Job Title | All Institutions | Research Doctoral | Other Doctoral | Master's | Baccalaureate | Associate's | |
| Professor | $108,168 | $127,162 | $113,165 | *n/a | $85,000 | $83,350 | |
| Associate Professor | $82,964 | $87,865 | *n/a | $74,442 | $71,137 | *n/a | |
| New Assistant Professor | $69,721 | $75,000 | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | |
| Instructor | $56,606 | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | $53,844 | |
| Assistant Professor (Excl. New) | $71,301 | $76,036 | $68,343 | $69,500 | $61,030 | *n/a | |
| Assistant Professor (Incl. New) | $70,596 | $75,769 | $68,423 | $69,000 | $61,030 | *n/a |
Parks, Recreation, Leisure and Fitness Studies
| Job Title | All Institutions | Research Doctoral | Other Doctoral | Master's | Baccalaureate | Associate's | |
| Professor | $91,045 | $110,000 | $88,556 | $84,869 | $75,894 | $76,104 | |
| Associate Professor | $74,349 | $83,496 | $71,683 | $69,351 | $64,401 | $66,292 | |
| New Assistant Professor | $65,000 | $74,000 | *n/a | $58,783 | *n/a | *n/a | |
| Instructor | $61,204 | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | $50,325 | *n/a | |
| Assistant Professor (Excl. New) | $62,424 | $71,277 | $62,879 | $59,391 | $54,060 | *n/a | |
| Assistant Professor (Incl. New) | $62,519 | $71,350 | $63,584 | $59,380 | $54,060 | *n/a |
Philosophy and Religious Studies
| Job Title | All Institutions | Research Doctoral | Other Doctoral | Master's | Baccalaureate | Associate's | |
| Professor | $96,351 | $113,481 | $101,551 | $85,442 | $89,099 | $80,232 | |
| Associate Professor | $74,495 | $81,134 | $75,413 | $69,224 | $72,831 | $65,302 | |
| New Assistant Professor | $63,092 | $67,500 | *n/a | $59,250 | $60,000 | *n/a | |
| Instructor | $53,666 | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | |
| Assistant Professor (Excl. New) | $62,743 | $67,168 | $62,807 | $59,541 | $59,298 | *n/a | |
| Assistant Professor (Incl. New) | $62,823 | $67,168 | $63,095 | $59,533 | $60,000 | *n/a |
Theology and Religious Vocations
| Job Title | All Institutions | Research Doctoral | Other Doctoral | Master's | Baccalaureate | Associate's | |
| Professor | $79,791 | *n/a | *n/a | $74,877 | $75,714 | *n/a | |
| Associate Professor | $69,000 | *n/a | *n/a | $67,000 | *n/a | *n/a | |
| New Assistant Professor | $55,500 | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | |
| Instructor | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | |
| Assistant Professor (Excl. New) | $60,128 | *n/a | *n/a | $59,875 | *n/a | *n/a | |
| Assistant Professor (Incl. New) | $59,875 | *n/a | *n/a | $58,920 | *n/a | *n/a |
Physical Sciences
| Job Title | All Institutions | Research Doctoral | Other Doctoral | Master's | Baccalaureate | Associate's | |
| Professor | $106,718 | $123,933 | $93,888 | $86,503 | $86,703 | $73,948 | |
| Associate Professor | $80,133 | $90,660 | $73,800 | $70,883 | $69,944 | $65,935 | |
| New Assistant Professor | $71,750 | $79,000 | $62,000 | $60,000 | $60,000 | *n/a | |
| Instructor | $60,423 | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | |
| Assistant Professor (Excl. New) | $69,816 | $81,062 | $65,000 | $61,245 | $60,943 | $63,806 | |
| Assistant Professor (Incl. New) | $70,000 | $80,757 | $65,000 | $61,200 | $60,892 | $63,011 |
| Job Title | All Institutions | Research Doctoral | Other Doctoral | Master's | Baccalaureate | Associate's | |
| Professor | $99,268 | $119,167 | $96,574 | $87,649 | $88,550 | $80,232 | |
| Associate Professor | $78,314 | $87,494 | $75,622 | $70,534 | $69,000 | *n/a | |
| New Assistant Professor | $65,000 | $75,000 | $62,500 | $61,388 | $59,750 | *n/a | |
| Instructor | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | |
| Assistant Professor (Excl. New) | $65,503 | $76,478 | $65,663 | $60,900 | $58,955 | *n/a | |
| Assistant Professor (Incl. New) | $65,213 | $76,396 | $65,000 | $60,999 | $58,955 | *n/a |
Homeland Security, Law Enforcement, Firefighting and Related Protective Service
| Job Title | All Institutions | Research Doctoral | Other Doctoral | Master's | Baccalaureate | Associate's | |
| Professor | $92,941 | $117,458 | *n/a | $88,972 | *n/a | $76,328 | |
| Associate Professor | $75,777 | $85,913 | $72,164 | $72,624 | *n/a | *n/a | |
| New Assistant Professor | $68,000 | $71,667 | *n/a | $62,000 | *n/a | *n/a | |
| Instructor | $57,058 | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | |
| Assistant Professor (Excl. New) | $63,806 | $69,744 | $63,275 | $62,649 | $53,588 | $58,153 | |
| Assistant Professor (Incl. New) | $63,980 | $70,000 | $64,074 | $62,400 | $53,000 | $58,278 |
Public Administration and Social Service Professions
| Job Title | All Institutions | Research Doctoral | Other Doctoral | Master's | Baccalaureate | Associate's | |
| Professor | $106,024 | $123,332 | $96,420 | $88,399 | $84,848 | *n/a | |
| Associate Professor | $81,145 | $89,787 | $73,536 | $70,593 | $61,224 | *n/a | |
| New Assistant Professor | $68,690 | $75,250 | $62,482 | $61,000 | *n/a | *n/a | |
| Instructor | $56,625 | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | |
| Assistant Professor (Excl. New) | $68,193 | $75,000 | $63,718 | $63,000 | $56,652 | *n/a | |
| Assistant Professor (Incl. New) | $68,289 | $75,000 | $63,535 | $63,000 | $55,959 | *n/a |
Social Sciences
| Job Title | All Institutions | Research Doctoral | Other Doctoral | Master's | Baccalaureate | Associate's | |
| Professor | $103,872 | $120,203 | $97,404 | $89,411 | $95,365 | $75,488 | |
| Associate Professor | $79,924 | $86,918 | $76,020 | $72,273 | $75,500 | $68,263 | |
| New Assistant Professor | $69,999 | $75,000 | $62,900 | $61,492 | $65,500 | *n/a | |
| Instructor | $61,293 | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | $51,887 | $63,062 | |
| Assistant Professor (Excl. New) | $67,296 | $74,063 | $61,132 | $62,004 | $65,514 | $59,348 | |
| Assistant Professor (Incl. New) | $67,500 | $74,288 | $61,662 | $62,000 | $65,514 | *n/a |
Transportation and Material Services
| Job Title | All Institutions | Research Doctoral | Other Doctoral | Master's | Baccalaureate | Associate's | |
| Professor | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | |
| Associate Professor | $80,998 | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | |
| New Assistant Professor | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | |
| Instructor | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | |
| Assistant Professor (Excl. New) | $65,000 | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | |
| Assistant Professor (Incl. New) | $65,975 | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a |
Visual and Performing Arts
| Job Title | All Institutions | Research Doctoral | Other Doctoral | Master's | Baccalaureate | Associate's | |
| Professor | $87,329 | $96,353 | $85,265 | $81,630 | $86,766 | $75,111 | |
| Associate Professor | $71,174 | $75,221 | $69,955 | $66,560 | $69,207 | $64,158 | |
| New Assistant Professor | $59,000 | $62,000 | $55,200 | $58,000 | $57,750 | *n/a | |
| Instructor | $60,659 | *n/a | *n/a | $53,333 | *n/a | *n/a | |
| Assistant Professor (Excl. New) | $59,586 | $63,000 | $57,349 | $57,117 | $57,000 | $60,496 | |
| Assistant Professor (Incl. New) | $59,459 | $62,974 | $57,000 | $57,296 | $57,000 | $60,459 |
Health Professions and Related Programs
| Job Title | All Institutions | Research Doctoral | Other Doctoral | Master's | Baccalaureate | Associate's | |
| Professor | $124,336 | $151,095 | $108,785 | $94,050 | $92,876 | $76,328 | |
| Associate Professor | $90,000 | $100,909 | $86,017 | $78,671 | $76,820 | $66,481 | |
| New Assistant Professor | $74,620 | $81,800 | $74,620 | $65,454 | *n/a | *n/a | |
| Instructor | $60,578 | *n/a | *n/a | $58,500 | *n/a | $59,909 | |
| Assistant Professor (Excl. New) | $75,226 | $82,085 | $75,027 | $70,000 | $63,000 | $62,700 | |
| Assistant Professor (Incl. New) | $75,131 | $82,000 | $75,000 | $69,949 | $63,277 | $62,005 |
Business, Management, Marketing, and Related Support Services
| Job Title | All Institutions | Research Doctoral | Other Doctoral | Master's | Baccalaureate | Associate's | |
| Professor | $139,060 | $180,467 | $135,527 | $119,277 | $100,655 | $71,600 | |
| Associate Professor | $122,379 | $146,993 | $125,449 | $106,994 | $84,688 | $60,757 | |
| New Assistant Professor | $122,164 | $150,000 | $122,500 | $103,774 | $76,000 | *n/a | |
| Instructor | $68,596 | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | $62,018 | |
| Assistant Professor (Excl. New) | $117,906 | $146,910 | $119,070 | $100,000 | $77,797 | $59,543 | |
| Assistant Professor (Incl. New) | $118,717 | $147,200 | $120,000 | $100,236 | $77,250 | $59,245 |
History General
| Job Title | All Institutions | Research Doctoral | Other Doctoral | Master's | Baccalaureate | Associate's | |
| Professor | $90,866 | $106,767 | $84,906 | $83,137 | $86,627 | $69,433 | |
| Associate Professor | $72,963 | $79,380 | $69,454 | $66,768 | $69,227 | $61,078 | |
| New Assistant Professor | $63,183 | $67,500 | $57,863 | $57,863 | $64,342 | *n/a | |
| Instructor | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | *n/a | |
| Assistant Professor (Excl. New) | $61,116 | $66,554 | $59,166 | $58,739 | $58,972 | *n/a | |
| Assistant Professor (Incl. New) | $61,218 | $66,625 | $58,975 | $58,347 | $59,035 | *n/a |
2018-19 TENURED/TENURE-TRACK FACULTY SALARIES SURVEY ©2019 by the College and University Professional Association for Human Resources (CUPA-HR). All rights reserved. Per Department of Justice Safe Harbor Guidelines, statistics will not display when the number of Institutions is less than 5 (too few data) or, if weighted statistics are selected, when one institution's data comprise more than 25% of the total (unbalanced data).
* 4 or fewer institutions reported
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Professor Pay Is Flat -- Again
By Colleen Flaherty
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Faculty members may be working harder than ever, but their pay has “barely budged” in four years, according to the American Association of University Professors’ annual Faculty Compensation Survey .
Average salaries for full-time professors increased by 2.8 percent this year over last, but consumer prices grew 2.3 percent over the same period, the AAUP notes in a preliminary report on the data: “Following the Great Recession of the late 2000s, nominal salary growth remained below consumer price growth until 2015-16 and has remained flat ever since.”
By institution type, average salaries for full-time professors at doctoral institutions this year increased 2.8 percent, before adjusting for inflation. Average salaries at master’s and associate’s institutions increased 1.2 percent and 1 percent respectively, meaning that they decreased by about 1 percent when adjusted for inflation. Salaries at baccalaureate institutions increased by 2.3 percent on average, matching the annual inflation rate.
Next year will be no better, it's all but certain: already colleges and universities have announced hiring freezes and, in some cases, pay cuts to address the financial impact of the COVID-19 disruption. But the AAUP’s data, collected before that disruption, will serve as important benchmarks when institutions look at faculty pay in reassessing their budgets.
Glenn Colby, senior research officer for the AAUP, said the association continues to study how institutions have responded to past economic crises. This time around, he said, “we may be in for a rough ride,” if some of the most dire predictions about unemployment rates become reality.
In such a scenario, “many institutions will need to make adjustments to balance their budgets,” and some discussions may be framed in terms of financial exigency, Colby said.
Some colleges and universities may respond by reducing faculty salaries, Colby added, as was common during the Great Depression. Others may terminate faculty appointments or reorganize -- “hopefully following AAUP’s recommended standards and procedures .” (Few institutions actually cut nominal salaries during the Great Recession.)
In any case, he added, “this year’s results will provide some benchmarks to help characterize how institutions respond to the changing economic conditions.”
The association's more detailed report on the data is expected in May.
Variation in Pay and Benefits
Other significant, preliminary findings include those on gender. Mirroring the national overall pay gap, average faculty salaries for women were 81.4 percent of those for men. Across all institution types, male full professors make about $146,600, while female full professors make about $127,600. Among assistant professors across institution types, men make about $86,500 and women make $78,900.
“Despite shifts in distributions between men and women in terms of faculty rank, the gender pay gap has not budged over the last ten years,” the AAUP’s report notes.
Beyond gender, full-time faculty salaries vary by rank and institutional affiliation or type. The average salary for a full professor at a private doctoral university is nearly $203,000, while the salary for a full professor at a public baccalaureate college is just over $99,000.
On benefits, the AAUP found that about 97 percent of full-time professors earn contributions toward their retirement plans from their employers or state or local governments. The average expenditure is 10.7 percent of average salary.
Some 94 percent of full-time professors receive medical benefits in the form of institutional contributions to premiums for insurance plans, according to the report. The average expenditure there is 11.9 percent of the average salary.
This year’s survey includes information from 928 institutions, from community colleges to research universities. Data pertain to nearly 380,000 full-time professors and 96,000 part-time instructors, along with many senior administrators. Collection ended in February.
The AAUP’s report has included more information about part-time professor pay in recent years. Probably unsurprisingly to any adjunct, this year’s survey found that per-course pay varies widely -- but that pay was still “appallingly low.” The average rate was $2,263 per section at public associate’s degree-granting institutions to $4,620 per section at private doctoral institutions.
Most faculty members who are paid by the course do not receive either retirement or medical benefits. Some 38 percent of reporting institutions contribute to retirement plans from some or all part-timers, according to the AAUP, and 37 percent help with premiums for medical insurance plans. Adjuncts are doctoral universities are most likely to receive benefits, with 52 percent of these reporting institutions contributing to their retirement and 60 percent to medical insurance plans.
While full-time professor pay data are from 2019-20, part-time professor pay data are from 2018-19, to ensure more accurate pay records for the latter group.
Presidential pay continues to be a thorn in the AAUP’s side, as it typically outpaces growth for faculty pay across institution types. At doctoral and master’s degree-granting institutions, presidents’ salaries increased 6 percent year over year. Presidents’ pay at baccalaureate and associate’s degree-granting institutions increased by 3 percent and 9 percent, respectively. Median presidential salaries in 2019-20 range from around $230,000 for public associate’s institutions to nearly $800,000 at private, independent doctoral universities, according to the report.
“Ratios of presidents’ to full professors’ salaries range from just over three to one in public associate’s institutions to over five to one in private-independent doctoral institutions,” the AAUP notes.
Chief academic officers make about $383,000, on average, at doctoral institutions. At community colleges, they make $135,694. Pay for chief financial officers is very similar to their academic officer counterparts.
Who Earns Most, Where
In additional to its overall analysis, AAUP publishes institution-specific data each year. As usual, colleges and universities in the Northeast, Mid-Atlantic and West Coast make the most.
Below are lists of some of the highest-paying colleges and universities, by rank and type. All the lists look the very similar to last year's , with Columbia University offering the highest average full professor pay, the University of California system dominating the publics in terms of pay, and Barnard College being the highest-paying liberal arts college for full professors. The final list, concerning assistant professor pay, has a new No. 1, however: Babson College. Stanford University held that spot for 2018-19.
|
|
| 1. Columbia University | $268,400 |
| 2. Stanford University | $261,900 |
| 3. Princeton University | $255,000 |
| 4. Harvard University | $253,900 |
| 5. University of Chicago | $246,100 |
| 6. Yale University | $242,200 |
| 7. Massachusetts Institute of Technology | $240,400 |
| 8. University of Pennsylvania | $237,300 |
| 9. Duke University | $221,500 |
| 10. New York University | $221,000 |
| 1. University of California, Los Angeles | $225,000 |
| 2. University of California, Berkeley | $213,100 |
| 3. University of California, Santa Barbara | $200,200 |
| 4. Rutgers University at Newark | $192,200 |
| 5. University of California, San Diego | $191,500 |
| 6. University of California, Irvine | $189,200 |
| 7. New Jersey Institute of Technology | $187,300 |
| 8. University of Virginia | $185,100 |
| 9. University of Texas at Austin | $183,800 |
| 10. University of California, Davis | $182,600 |
| 1. Barnard College | $181,600 |
| 2. Claremont McKenna College | $177,200 |
| 3. University of Richmond | $164,200 |
| 4. Wellesley College | $162,700 |
| 5. Pomona College | $161,200 |
| 6. Wesleyan University | $160,200 |
| 7. Swarthmore College | $158,400 |
| 8. Harvey Mudd College | $157,300 |
| 9. Colgate University | $156,500 |
| 10. Williams College | $152,800 |
|
| |
| 1. Babson College | $141,600 |
| 2. Massachusetts Institute of Technology | $138,800 |
| 3. Stanford University | $138,800 |
| 4. Harvard University | $138,600 |
| 5. California Institute of Technology | $137,200 |
| 6. University of Pennsylvania | $136,500 |
| 7. Columbia University | $135,700 |
| 8. University of Chicago | $135,300 |
| 9. Bentley University | $128,300 |
| 10. Duke University | $123,500 |
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How Are College Professors Paid? 25 Departments Ranked by Salary
Do you have high aspirations to teach as a professor at college? Professors perform a number of duties including producing scholarly articles, conducting research, and teaching courses to college or university-level students. Moreover, a good professor also loves interacting with people, has excellent verbal and communication skills, and is organized enough to create an engaging course curriculum and syllabus.
Even though many professorial roles have the same underlying requirements, not all of these positions are paid the same. Many professorial salaries vary by subject matter (department) and the reputation of the professor in question.
Here are 25 professorial jobs, ranked by salary. We've included the average entry-level salaries and ranges based on Salary.com data .
1) Law Professor
Average: $164,977
Salary Range: $115,475-$227,830
What you’ll do: Law professors teach a wide variety of topics from social justice to real estate law. They require a Juris Doctorate degree from a law school, and must have passed the bar examination. They typically have excellent grades, or have established themselves as an authority in the field through their outstanding and successful legal practice. Success at a big-name law school and undergraduate school can be very helpful in finding a position, since the competition for law professor positions is fierce. Participation in law review and publication in legal journals post-graduation can also be helpful.
2) Medical Professor
Average: $153,692
Salary Range: $134,275-$210,573
What you’ll do: Medical professors teach courses in the discipline area of medicine. This profession requires a medical degree (MD, MBBS, BMBS, MBChB, MBBCh, DO) and a resume of skills and experience focused on the area of medical instruction. It is preferred for medial professors to have significant experience in their fields with related published works.
3) Dentistry Professor
Average: $129,430
Salary Range: $106,008-$169,039
What you’ll do: Dentistry professors provide the tools and hands-on experience to undergraduates hoping to enter the field of dentistry. They are expected to earn a Doctor of Dental Surgery (DDS) or Doctor of Dental Medicine (DDM) degree, related published works, and considerable experience in the field.
4) Civil Engineering Professor
Average: $124,233
Salary Range: $97,072-$159,844
What you’ll do: Civil engineering professors help students enter the field of civil engineering, where they design and supervise the construction of infrastructure such as roads, buildings, tunnels, airports, dams, bridges, and water supply and sewage systems. A PhD is required for those hoping to enter this profession.
5) Mechanical Engineering Professor
Average: $123,932
Salary Range: $98,440-$168,619
What you’ll do: Mechanical engineering professors teach practices related to mechanical and thermal devices including tools, engines, and machines. This profession requires a higher education degree like a PhD and teaching skills that combine math, physics, and science. In some classes, mechanical engineering professors may ask their students to work with computer programs or build machines from parts that the college provides.
6) Accounting Professor
Average: $121,338
Salary Range: $91,537-$195,749
What you’ll do: Accounting professors teach accounting skills and theories to undergraduates. Most colleges and universities require a doctoral degree in accounting or a relevant field, and aspiring accounting professors should obtain their CPA licensure for advanced placement. Accounting professors often obtain a director of business administration (DBA) certification and/or a Ph.D. Requirements for employment vary according to the college or hiring institution, however CPA status is not required for a teaching position in this field.
7) Business Professor
Average: $117,694
Salary Range: $90,551-$202,691
What you’ll do: Business professors teach finance, accounting, marketing, management, and general topics related to business. They require doctorates in two primary degree designations: PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) and the DBA (Doctor of Business Administration). Most university business professors have completed graduate coursework in a specific area of specialization, such as management or international business; have taken related field exams; and have written and defended a dissertation. Full-time university business professors are expected to teach and mentor students; research and publish papers in academic journals; and present their research at academic conferences and related public events.
8) Economics Professor
Average: $114,747
Salary Range: $91,987-$198,663
What you’ll do: Economics professors typically teach courses like macro or microeconomics. In the majority of university settings, an economics professor is required to hold a doctoral degree (Ph.D.) in economics in order to teach. A PhD often leads to the most and highest-paying job opportunities for economics educators. Economics professors are also expected to have published extensively in the field of economics in recognized journals.
9) Computer Science Professor
Average: $111,158
Salary Range: $87,867-$155,612
What you’ll do: Computer science professors teach undergraduates how to write software, make computers do new things, and/or accomplish tasks more efficiently. These positions require a PhD in Computer Science, or a related field like computer engineering or information technology. This role also requires years of teaching experience and recognition in the field as an expert in the computer science community.
10) Architecture Professor
Average: $107,562
Salary Range: $83,268-$146,240
What you’ll do: An architecture professor teaches courses in the discipline area of architecture. This role requires a PhD or terminal degree appropriate to the field. Typically this individual is a leader in the field and has been published.
11) Physics Professor
Average: $104,044
Salary Range: $77,680-$168,477
What you’ll do: Physics professors typically teach subjects like thermodynamics and quantum, nuclear, and astro physics (and many more). To become a professor of Physics, a PhD and a research degree is must. You will need strong research skills and will be expected to publish your scientific findings on a regular basis.
12) Geosciences Professor
Average: $102,841
Salary Range: $79,850-$153,046
What you’ll do: A geoscience professor teaches courses in the discipline area of geology and earth sciences. This role requires a PhD or terminal degree appropriate to the field; many colleges expect these professors to publish their findings in trade journals or textbooks. Some geoscience professors may find their courses based in outdoor field work to study natural geologic phenomenons.
13) Chemistry Professor
Average: $99,900
Salary Range: $78,213-$168,789
What you’ll do: Chemistry professors typically cover chemistry subject areas like stereochemistry, carbon groups, biopolymers and macromolecules. You'll need a Ph.D. (Doctor of Philosophy) to become a chemistry professor at a college or university. Most chemistry professors are expected to be committed to publishing their work in a scientific journal on an ongoing basis, contributing to the most recent research developments.
14) Mathematics Professor
Average: $98,212
Salary Range: $75,863-$150,330
What you’ll do: A PhD in mathematics may include expertise ranging from algebraic topology, hyperbolic geometry, automorphic forms, or game theory. A PhD is required to teach math at a four-year college or university. In addition, candidates must have already made a significant contribution to the field, or hold the potential to do so.
15) Psychology Professor
Average: $96,923
Salary Range : $76,873-$182,566
What you’ll do: Psychology professors either have a focus in research (running their own research lab) or acting as a more traditional professor in an academic/teaching setting. Most colleges and universities prefer to hire PhD graduates to fill out the professorial psychology positions. Once psychology professors are hired, particularly for tenure-track positions, they are expected to run studies and publish on a regular basis.
16) Philosophy Professor
Average: $96,492
Salary Range : $75,866-$153,280
What you’ll do: Philosophy professors typically create lectures related to micro and macroeconomics, philosophy, and business ethics, facilitate discussions and develop assessments in metaphysics, epistemology, logic, and ethics. They will also likely be expected to have a PhD and publish their own theories within their area of concentration.
17) History Professor
Average: $96,245
Salary Range : $74,607-$150,292
What you’ll do: History professors are often PhD graduates and typically work in history departments of colleges and universities, although employment may be available with museums or historical societies. They can specialize in the history of an area or time period and often publish articles or books associated with their specialty.
18) Sociology Professor
Average: $94,797
Salary Range: $78,268-$145,829
What you’ll do: Sociology professors teach courses, conduct research, and publish academic papers and books in the discipline area of sociology. They may find themselves doing fieldwork, possibly in remote or economically underdeveloped areas. Most sociology professors have earned a PhD in their area of study and have experience working in the field.
19) Biology Professor
Average: $94,762
Salary Range: $70,878-$153,510
What you’ll do: Biology professors teach courses in specific areas of specialization from zoology to microbiology. Following graduation, biology PhDs usually complete one or more postdoctoral positions before finding full-time professorial work. University biology professors are expected to teach courses in their area of specialization, contribute to the governance of their department, recruit, train and supervisor graduate students and postdoctoral fellows, and carry out original research.
20) Education Professor
Average: $94,185
Salary Range: $78,656-$163,075
What you’ll do: Faculties of education usually offer courses related to an entire range of education degrees, including a bachelor of education for students wishing to become teachers, as well as a master of education, MA in teaching, MA in education, and doctorate of education and/or doctorate of philosophy in education degrees. Some college or universities may even have a daycare where students can get hands-on experience working with younger children.
21) Communications Professor
Average: $92,715
Salary Range: $74,700-$145,082
What you’ll do: A communications professor’s primary duties involve teaching courses in media and public relations, journalism, broadcasting, or organizational communications. Communications professor positions typically require a PhD.
22) Nursing Professor
Average: $92,590
Salary Range: $74,591-$135,891
What you’ll do: Nursing professors teach nursing skills to undergraduate students. They are required to become, at minimum, a registered nurse (RN) with a valid license and several years of work experience before entering the higher education field. Most nurse professors complete a doctorate to teach at most universities. Much of a nurse professor's day is spent in an office or a classroom, preparing for classes, giving lectures, advising students, grading papers, attending faculty meetings, handling administrative work and keeping up with current nursing knowledge.
23) Drama Professor
Average: $89,386
Salary Range: $71,087-$135,011
What you’ll do: Drama professors are hired to educate students on different acting styles, methods and techniques, from learning how to project their voices across a stage to conveying emotion on cue. In addition to planning lessons and assessing the performance of their classes, drama professors also teach theatre history, assist students in writing their own dramatic pieces, as well as organize and direct performance rehearsals and plays. Typically, drama professors earn at least a Master of Fine Arts in Theatre or Theatre Education.
24) English Professor
Average: $88,629
Salary Range: $71,896-$143,099
What you’ll do: English professors teach courses in the areas of critical theory, linguistics, literature, mythology, and creative writing. English professors require a master's and, in most cases, a doctoral degree. English professors are often expected to continue publishing written works throughout their careers -- writing poetry books, novels, theoretical articles, or whatever relates best to their practice.
25) Music Professor
Average: $88,288
Salary Range: $71,641-$137,712
What you’ll do: A music professor teaches courses in the discipline area of music. Most music professors earn PhDs and have made significant contributions to the field (perhaps premiering their own musical pieces, or publishing a music theory study). They also may play an active role in campus life by organizing performances and supporting music-related activities.
*Our salary data is constantly updated. Please use of Salary Wizard for the most recent salary projections.
Why the Pay Differentials?
Based on these numbers, it's clear that the humanities are among the lowest paying professorial roles, particularly when compared to the STEM disciplines. Naturally, these disparities aren't because of the overall quality of individual departments, but are instead a reflection of the job market. There are three key reasons for this. First, oftentimes professorial salaries are a matter of supply and demand at the university. For example, if a professor can teach a particular course that is highly sought after by applicants and students, they may be perceived as more valuable to the institution. Second, many universities face the additional challenge of matching salaries offered by the government or private sector. If a doctor with a medical degree has the potential to earn $300,000, he/she may be less inclined to take a $100,000 pay cut in order to teach at college. Finally, any given department will receive a budget based on the tuition revenue it generates. Oftentimes, that means that professorial salaries correlate with the income their students make after graduation. A music major may not donate as much money to the college after graduation as a law student, simply based on the vast differences between their annual salaries.
More Professorial Perks
Aside from a fairly sizable salary, there are a number of perks that professors receive that pad the professorial compensation package.
1. Tenure : For many decades, tenure was a big perk for professors. But, now, many anticipate this year to be one of the very last generations of tenured faculty . In higher education, tenure is granted after a probationary period of about six years. The professors that achieve tenure have great job security in the form of a permanent job contract. While tenure seems to be bulletproof, professors are not immune from dismissal if they violate a state or Federal law or policy. And, many tenured professors retire around age 70, but there is no age "deadline" to retire.
2. Sabbatical : Some colleges grant professors a year of sabbatical where they can conduct their own research or publish their own findings. The object of these leaves is to enable faculty to conduct research and publish their findings, thereby adding value to the university by proxy. At many schools, sabbatical is not automatic but must be applied for and is granted at the provost's discretion. The professor in question also typically must complete a number of semesters teaching at the college in order to earn their leave. At the end of a sabbatical, the professor will submit a report on their research, which is then use in his/her performance evaluation.
3. Childcare : Many colleges have daycares where education majors work and earn credits. Many professors choose to take advantage of these facilities, dropping their kids off right before work.
4. Housing Benefits : Some colleges have faculty housing programs that allow for faculty and their families to stay at a college-owned residence, either on- or off-campus.
5. Tuition : If a professor's child is interested in attending their parent's college, many colleges provide a tuition waver, or a substantial scholarship for that student.
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Home › Articles › How Are College Professors Paid? 25 Departments Ranked by Salary
Professor Salaries From Around the World
Academic salaries can vary widely depending on rank, country, and institution. Here’s what professors make in Europe and North America. All salaries are reported in the local currency and are pre tax.
United Kingdom
In the United Kingdom, the average salary for a lecturer is £40,760 while the average salary for a senior lecturer is £51,590. The average associate professor salary is £64,356 while a full professor earns £91,891 on average.
German professors are civil servants so national legislation fixes their salaries according to state. Junior professors ( Juniordozent ) make €4,713 to €5,301 per month . Associate professors ( dozent ) make €5,365 to €6,676 per month, and full professors ( Professur ) make €5,343 to €7,578 per month.
SACO, the Swedish Academics Central Organization ( Sveriges akademikers centralorganisation ), lists the median salary in 2020 for a lecturer ( adjunkt ) as 41,181 SEK per month. Assistant professors ( biträdande lector) make a median of 49,586 SEK per month. An associate professor ( lektor ) earns a median of 44,500 SEK per month, while a professor makes a median of 67,550 SEK per month. Taxes in Sweden are approximately 45%.
Switzerland
Swiss academic are the highest in Europe. They are by each canton (province) and by law. At the Université de Lausanne , associate professor salaries range from 125,250 to 158,783 CHF per year. Full professors make 149,728 to 171,380 CHF per year. Full Professors with chair appointment make 163,564 to 210,793 CHF annually. At ETH Zurich , the range for assistant professors is 148,682 to 214,767 CHF per year and is 178,996 to 245,080 CFH per year for associate professors. Full professors make 209,247 to 275,359 CHF annually.
In Denmark, faculty salaries are determined by contracts negotiated between academic unions and the government. An academic’s salary is determined by a combination of seniority (years since the completion of PhD) and job rank. Assistant professors earn an average of 38,344 DKR per month. Associate professors earn 44,4204 DKR per month on average, while professors earn an average of 58,236 DKR per month. Taxes in Denmark are relatively high at 40-50% depending on income.
The Netherlands
Similar to Denmark, the Collective Labour Agreement of Dutch Universities (CAO-NU) provides the pay scale for faculty salaries. Assistant professors ( universitaire docent ) earn €3,821 to €5,943 per month. Associate professors ( universitair hoofddocent ) earn €5,294 to €7,097 per month. Full professors ( Hoogleraar ) earn from €5,864 to €10,309 per month. Taxes in the Netherlands are around 40%.
France
Since French universities are public and state run, academics who hold permanent positions are civil servants. The government sets their salaries, which do not vary from institution and discipline. The salary levels are broken down by class and seniority. The salary for a tenured assistant/associate professor ( maître de conférence ) can range from €25,225 to €53,828 per year depending on the class and seniority of the academic. Tenured full Professors ( professeur des universités ) can expect to make between €36,560 and €73,343 a year according to their class and seniority.
Belgian academic salaries are based on seniority (time from completion of PhD). Entry-level assistant professors make €29,914 per year, while those with 24 years of experience top the pay scale at €47,443 per year. Associate professors start at €34,255 per year can earn €58,403 per year with 24 years of experience. Professors start at €40,109 per year and after 18 years earn €61,224 per year. Full professors start at €44,925 and make €68,633 after 15 years. Belgium has a relatively high tax rate of 45-52%
Norwegian academic salaries are determined according to collective agreements between unions and state authorities. Within the salary scale, academic rank and seniority determines compensation . The average salary for assistant professors ( universitetslektor ) is 629,247 NOK per year and 703,110 NOK per year for associate professors (f ørsteamanuensis) . The average annual salary for a professor is 897,936 NOK. Taxes in Norway are around 40%
Academic salaries in Finland are set under a collective agreement . An academic’s place on the salary scale is determined by two things: the job requirements and their individual performance. An assistant/associate professor makes €3,709 to €6,051 per month, while a professor makes between €5,170 and €9,326 per month. Taxes in Finland are 25-32%.
United States
The American Association of University Professors tracks academic salaries in the United States. Based on their 2016/2017 report , the average salary for a full professor is $102,402 USD. Associate professors earn an average of $79,654 and assistant professors average $69,206. The Chronicle of Higher Education also has a database of individual faculty salaries for more than 4,700 institutions based on information collected by the U.S. Education Department.
According to Statistics Canada , the average salary for full-time academic teaching staff (all ranks) in Canada was $135,451 for the 2020/2021 academic year. In 2017/2018 , full professors were the highest earners with average salaries of $160,183, while associate professors made an average of $125,358 and assistant professors made$103,023 on average.
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The economics profession
Becoming a professor, researcher, or educator.
The Doctor of Philosophy degree (PhD) in economics is necessary for a faculty position in economics at most four-year colleges in the US. A masters degree is the typical credential for faculty at two-year colleges. Although some students complete masters programs before entering PhD programs, many go directly from BA programs into PhD programs. Completion of a PhD requires about six years of full-time study. Holders of the PhD often also choose research careers outside of academics, including roles at the Federal Reserve, international agencies, and government policy and evaluation departments as well as in private banks, investment houses, and other for-profit ventures.
The AEA's Universal Academic Questionnaire Summary Statistics reports that average starting salaries for assistant professors at PhD granting institutions was $149,378 in 2023–2024. The table below reports the average salary of economists at each academic rank by type of institution.
Average Academic Salaries for Tenured or Tenure-Track Economists by Rank and Type of Institution, 2023–2024
| Assistant Professor | $154,250 | $101,937 | $109,095 |
| Associate Professor | $179,793 | $121,899 | $119,328 |
| Full Professor | $242,699 | $147,248 | $142,871 |
Source: American Economic Association 2023–2024 Universal Academic Questionnaire Summary Statistics , AEA Papers and Proceedings 2024, 114: 712–716.
Academic economists at PhD granting institutions play leading roles in the development of new ideas in economics and publish their work in journals like those published by the AEA . As teachers, economists play an important role in supporting the undergraduate major in economics and the various graduate programs.
A number of PhD economists hold faculty positions in MBA programs, law and medical schools, public policy programs, and in a number of other fields. Economists on the faculty of leading professional schools often earn premium salaries.
A number of for-profit and not-for-profit enterprises hire research economists as do many government and international agencies. The National Association of Business Economics provides information about business careers for economists. The career sites for government and not-for-profits mentioned above also point to opportunities for researchers.
Current job openings for economists in academia and with some other employers appears in the American Economic Association's network for job seekers called Job Openings in Economics (JOE) .
Doctorate (PhD), Biology Degree
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Years of Experience
Gender breakdown for doctorate (phd), biology.
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COMMENTS
PhD students earn between $15,000 and $30,000 a year depending on their institution, field of study, and location. This stipend can be tax-free (if it is a fellowship award) or taxable (if it is a salary e.g from a teaching position). American PhD students are usually only paid for nine months of the year but many programs offer summer funding ...
At public schools, the average professor salary is $96,226, which is 3.41% higher than 2022. The private school's average salary is $86,409, a increase of 2.71%. The average professor salary at national universities is $125,424, increase of 3.45%. The average professor salary at liberal arts colleges is $98,627, increase of 2.81%.
20. Immunology. National average salary: $182,342 per year Immunologists with a Ph.D. study infectious diseases and create public health policies related to disease transmission and prevention. A background in a relevant degree program related to immunology is typically a prerequisite for this area of study.
The salary of a PhD professor in the US can vary widely depending on several factors, including the type of institution, subject area, and location. According to the AAUP, the average salary of a full-time faculty member at a doctoral degree-granting institution in the United States was $95,000 in the 2019-2020 academic year. However, this ...
The expected lifetime earnings for someone without a high school degree is $973,000; with a high school diploma, $1.3 million; with a bachelor's degree, $2.3 million; with a master's degree, $2.7 million; and with a doctoral degree (excluding professional degrees), $3.3 million. Other data indicate that the overall unemployment rate for ...
According to data from the American Association of University Professors, the average full-time college professor, combining all instructor types and university categories, made $112,139 in the 2023-24 academic year. Full professors in the U.S. made an average of $155,056 during that same period.
Doctorate (PhD) - Salary - Get a free salary comparison based on job title, skills, experience and education. Accurate, reliable salary and compensation comparisons for United States
Salaries for PhD holders can vary significantly on a global scale. For instance, a PhD holder in Computer Science in the United States might earn an annual salary ranging from $70,000 to $150,000. In contrast, in India, a PhD holder in a similar field may earn a range of approximately $10,000 to $30,000 per year.
The number of full-time faculty members increased 0.1 percent at public institutions, decreased 0.6 percent at private independent institutions, and decreased 2.4 percent at private religiously affiliated institutions. The AAUP 2020-21 Faculty Compensation Survey results include two tables presenting annual full-time faculty salary growth by ...
Math Public Small Group Faculty Salaries1 55 responses out of 74 departments (74%) F u l l-t i m e F a c u lt y Page 1 Figure 4. Math Public Small Group—Percentage of Faculty Salaries within each Salary Range by Category * Includes newly hired assistant professors.
The average College Professor salary in the United States is $170,607 as of July 29, 2024. The range for our most popular College Professor positions (listed below) typically falls between $81,194 and $260,021. Keep in mind that salary ranges can vary widely depending on many important factors, including position, education, certifications, additional skills, and the number of years you have ...
The estimated total pay for a Professor is $162,513 per year in the United States area, with an average salary of $100,637 per year. These numbers represent the median, which is the midpoint of the ranges from our proprietary Total Pay Estimate model and based on salaries collected from our users. The estimated additional pay is $61,876 per year.
The 2019-2020 academic salary survey includes both faculty and non-faculty statisticians and biostatisticians. We received responses from 76 institutions in the United States. The data included 1,218 faculty and 296 non-faculty statisticians, with gender information. The quartiles and 90th
How much does a Professor make in the United States? Average base salary. $92,863. Average $92,863. Low $43,356. High $198,899. The average salary for a professor is $92,863 per year in the United States. 626 salaries reported, updated at September 1, 2024.
Salary-wise you are interested in the salary table, columns H1 and H2 (Professor 1 and Professor 2). These are full professorships. These are full professorships. Here we speak about EUR 65k and EUR 58k respectively as a baseline from which the annual grading increase starts.
Below are tenured/tenure-track faculty salaries from the 2018-19 Faculty in Higher Education Survey conducted by The College and University Professional Association for Human Resources (CUPA-HR). Findings detailed aggregate salary information from 847 institutions for 171,487 full-time tenure-track faculty.
Table 3. 2021-2022 Academic Faculty in Mathematical Sciences Departments by Rank, Based on 9-Month Salary Rank N 1st Quartile Median 3rd Quartile 90th Percentile Professor 58 $104,162 $117,864 $186,752 $252,512 Associate Professor 41 $87,750 $95,670 $110,535 $142,634 Assistant Professor 47 $80,000 $91,000 $104,750 $123,000
Mirroring the national overall pay gap, average faculty salaries for women were 81.4 percent of those for men. Across all institution types, male full professors make about $146,600, while female full professors make about $127,600. Among assistant professors across institution types, men make about $86,500 and women make $78,900.
Doctorate (PhD), Chemistry - Salary - Get a free salary comparison based on job title, skills, experience and education. Accurate, reliable salary and compensation comparisons for United States
Average: $117,694. Salary Range: $90,551-$202,691. What you'll do: Business professors teach finance, accounting, marketing, management, and general topics related to business. They require doctorates in two primary degree designations: PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) and the DBA (Doctor of Business Administration).
The American Association of University Professors tracks academic salaries in the United States. Based on their 2016/2017 report , the average salary for a full professor is $102,402 USD. Associate professors earn an average of $79,654 and assistant professors average $69,206.
The AEA's Universal Academic Questionnaire Summary Statistics reports that average starting salaries for assistant professors at PhD granting institutions was $149,378 in 2023-2024. The table below reports the average salary of economists at each academic rank by type of institution.
Doctorate (PhD), Biology - Salary - Get a free salary comparison based on job title, skills, experience and education. Accurate, reliable salary and compensation comparisons for United States
Department: Costello College of Business Classification: 9-month Instructional Faculty Job Category: Instructional Faculty Job Type: Full-Time Work Schedule: Full-time (1.0 FTE, 40 hrs/wk) Location: Fairfax, VA Workplace Type: On Site Required Salary: Salary commensurate with education and experience Criminal Background Check: Yes About the Department: The Donald G. Costello College of ...