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Definition of antithesis

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Writers and speechmakers use the traditional pattern known as antithesis for its resounding effect; John Kennedy's famous "ask not what your country can do for you—ask what you can do for your country" is an example. But antithesis normally means simply "opposite". Thus, war is the antithesis of peace, wealth is the antithesis of poverty, and love is the antithesis of hate. Holding two antithetical ideas in one's head at the same time—for example, that you're the sole master of your fate but also the helpless victim of your terrible upbringing—is so common as to be almost normal.

Examples of antithesis in a Sentence

These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word 'antithesis.' Any opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback about these examples.

Word History

Late Latin, from Greek, literally, opposition, from antitithenai to oppose, from anti- + tithenai to set — more at do

1529, in the meaning defined at sense 1b(1)

Dictionary Entries Near antithesis

anti-theoretical

Cite this Entry

“Antithesis.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary , Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/antithesis. Accessed 6 Sep. 2024.

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Kids definition of antithesis, more from merriam-webster on antithesis.

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IPA : ænˈtɪθəsɪs ænˈtɪθəsɪs

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Phonetic spelling of antithesis

an-tith-uh-sis 1 rating rating ratings Brian Robinson An tith a sis 0 rating rating ratings Private an-ti-thesis 0 rating rating ratings Franco Berge an-tith·e-sis 0 rating rating ratings Private an-tithe-sis 0 rating rating ratings Private

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Meanings for antithesis

the juxtaposition of contrasting words or ideas to give a feeling of balance 1 rating rating ratings Sheridan Zieme a person or thing that is the direct opposite of someone or something else. A contrast or opposition between two things. 1 rating rating ratings MELLONA exact opposite 1 rating rating ratings Ross Franecki contrast of ideas by means of parallel arrangement of words or clauses 1 rating rating ratings Keshawn Lynch

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Antonyms for antithesis

epitome 41 ratings rating ratings Israel Metz

Learn more about the word "antithesis" , its origin, alternative forms, and usage from Wiktionary.

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Examples of in a sentence

Antithesis, synthesis? A curious observation may lead to a treatment for MS 64 ratings rating ratings Sarai Carroll At the same time this tendency to make prominent a scheme of external duties has always been counteracted in Christianity by the remembrance of its original antithesis to Jewish legalism. 54 ratings rating ratings Cecile Kuphal Once more, the notion that this indeterminate body contains potentially in itself the fundamental contraries - hot, cold, &c. - by the excretion or evolution of which definite substances were generated, is clearly a forecasting of that antithesis of potentiality and actuality which from Aristotle do 50 ratings rating ratings Diego Beer Later the commoner antithesis is between Ionian and Dorian, first (probably) in the colonial regions of Asia Minor, and later more universally. 45 ratings rating ratings Ardella Hirthe his theory is the antithesis of mine 41 ratings rating ratings Merl Stokes

antithesis should be in sentence

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antithesis pronunciation with meanings, synonyms, antonyms, translations, sentences and more

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Definition of antithesis noun from the Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

• Love is the antithesis of selfishness.
• Students finishing their education at 16 is the very antithesis of what society needs.
• The current establishment is the antithesis of democracy.
• antithesis between
• antithesis of

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Find the answers with Practical English Usage online, your indispensable guide to problems in English.

• There is an antithesis between the needs of the state and the needs of the people.
• the sharp antithesis between their views

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[ an- tith - uh -sis ]

the antithesis of right and wrong.

Her behavior was the very antithesis of cowardly.

Synonyms: reverse , opposite

• the placing of a sentence or one of its parts against another to which it is opposed to form a balanced contrast of ideas, as in “Give me liberty or give me death.”
• the second sentence or part thus set in opposition, as “or give me death.”
• Philosophy. Hegelian dialectic

/ ænˈtɪθɪsɪs /

• the exact opposite
• contrast or opposition
• rhetoric the juxtaposition of contrasting ideas, phrases, or words so as to produce an effect of balance, such as my words fly up, my thoughts remain below
• philosophy the second stage in the Hegelian dialectic contradicting the thesis before resolution by the synthesis

Other Words From

• self-an·tithe·sis noun

Word History and Origins

Origin of antithesis 1

Example Sentences

In the Democratic primary in his home state, he was humiliated by his old antithesis Wallace, who beat him decisively.

It cannot be stressed enough that the behavior of the sitting president is the antithesis of the ideals of American democracy, institutions or peaceful transitions.

American Christians may have chosen cynicism in 2016, but cynicism is the antithesis of the Christian faith, and cynicism won’t have the final word in America, either.

The transhuman cannot exist outside of ubuntu, of course, which is the antithesis of the colonial order for a number of reasons.

Tesla’s being touted as a go-go player in the antithesis of a go-go sector.

Belle Knox is the antithesis of Jenna Jameson—and not just in looks.

To me this is the antithesis of what travel should be about.

Married at First Sight is the antithesis of The Bachelor and The Bachelorette.

Yet its sound is the musical antithesis of a blended Frappuccino.

Now Joffrey, the Starks' black-hearted antithesis, has met a similar fate.

If you did fail, you would try Exclusion, and you would find nothing which is the antithesis of the area of New York.

Thus seen, socialism appeared as the very antithesis of law and order, of love and chastity, and of religion itself.

There is, however, but little danger of overdoing the parallel construction where there is no antithesis.

Nor is it to be wondered at, if we consider the antithesis which is presented to their usual mode of life.

He is a sentimental Classicist, and his subjects the antithesis of the Grco-Roman ideal to which he does homage in his technique.

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Meaning of antithesis in English

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• antithetical
• anything but idiom
• diametrical
• dichotomist
• dichotomous
• or otherwise idiom
• poles apart idiom

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Antithesis | american dictionary, examples of antithesis, translations of antithesis.

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the act of delaying something that must be done, often because it is unpleasant or boring

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antithesis noun

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What does the noun antithesis mean?

There are nine meanings listed in OED's entry for the noun antithesis , two of which are labelled obsolete. See ‘Meaning & use’ for definitions, usage, and quotation evidence.

antithesis has developed meanings and uses in subjects including

How common is the noun antithesis ?

How is the noun antithesis pronounced?

British english, u.s. english, where does the noun antithesis come from.

Earliest known use

Middle English

The earliest known use of the noun antithesis is in the Middle English period (1150—1500).

OED's earliest evidence for antithesis is from around 1450.

antithesis is a borrowing from Latin.

Etymons: Latin antithesis .

Nearby entries

• anti-terror, adj. 1882–
• anti-terrorism, n. 1844–
• anti-terrorist, n. & adj. 1797–
• antitetanic, adj. & n. 1875–
• antithalian, adj. 1818–
• anti-theft, adj. 1834–
• anti-theft movement, n. 1872–
• anti-theism, n. 1788–
• anti-theist, n. & adj. 1627–
• anti-theistic, adj. 1817–
• antithesis, n. c1450–
• antithesism, n. 1816–1919
• antithesistic, adj. 1796–
• antithesize, v. 1790–
• antithesizer, n. 1808–1915
• antithet, n. & adj. 1656–
• antithetic, adj. & n. 1610–
• antithetical, adj. 1582–
• antithetically, adv. 1594–
• antitheton, n. 1550–
• anti-tobacconal, n. 1862–63

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Meaning & use

Pronunciation, compounds & derived words, entry history for antithesis, n..

antithesis, n. was revised in September 2023.

antithesis, n. was last modified in June 2024.

oed.com is a living text, updated every three months. Modifications may include:

• further revisions to definitions, pronunciation, etymology, headwords, variant spellings, quotations, and dates;
• new senses, phrases, and quotations.

Revisions and additions of this kind were last incorporated into antithesis, n. in June 2024.

Earlier versions of this entry were published in:

OED First Edition (1885)

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OED Second Edition (1989)

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Citation details

Factsheet for antithesis, n., browse entry.

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When you begin to speak English, it's essential to get used to the common sounds of the language, and the best way to do this is to check out the phonetics. Below is the UK transcription for 'antithesis' :

• Modern IPA: antɪ́θəsɪs
• Traditional IPA: ænˈtɪθəsɪs
• 4 syllables : "an" + "TITH" + "uh" + "sis"

Test your pronunciation on words that have sound similarities with 'antithesis' :

Tips to improve your english pronunciation:, here are a few tips that should help you perfect your pronunciation of 'antithesis' :.

• Sound it Out : Break down the word 'antithesis' into its individual sounds "an" + "tith" + "uh" + "sis". Say these sounds out loud, exaggerating them at first. Practice until you can consistently produce them clearly.
• Self-Record & Review : Record yourself saying 'antithesis' in sentences. Listen back to identify areas for improvement.
• YouTube Pronunciation Guides : Search YouTube for how to pronounce 'antithesis' in English .
• Pick Your Accent : Mixing multiple accents can be confusing, so pick one accent ( US or UK ) and stick to it for smoother learning.

Here are a few tips to level up your english pronunciation:

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• Train Your Ear with Minimal Pairs : Practice minimal pairs (words that differ by only one sound, like "ship" vs. "sheep" ) to improve your ability to distinguish between similar sounds.
• Explore Online Resources : Websites & apps offer targeted pronunciation exercises. Explore YouTube channels dedicated to pronunciation, like Rachel's English and English with James for additional pronunciation practice and learning.

• 1.1 Etymology
• 1.2 Pronunciation
• 1.3.1 Antonyms
• 1.3.2 Derived terms
• 1.3.3 Translations

Borrowed from Latin antithesis , itself a borrowing from Ancient Greek ἀντίθεσις ( antíthesis ) . By surface analysis , anti- +‎ thesis .

Pronunciation

• IPA ( key ) : /æn.ˈtɪ.θə.sɪs/

antithesis ( plural antitheses )

• A proposition that is the diametric opposite of some other proposition.
• 1835 , L [ arret ] Langley, A Manual of the Figures of Rhetoric,   [ … ] , Doncaster: Printed by C. White, Baxter-Gate, →OCLC , page 22 : Antithesis , opposing things to things, Oft from the contrast strength and beauty brings.
• ( philosophy ) The second stage of a dialectical process in which the thesis is negated.

Derived terms

• antithesise
• antithesize
• antithetical
• antitheticality
• antithetically
• antitheticalness

Translations

• English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
• English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰeh₁-
• English terms borrowed from Latin
• English terms derived from Latin
• English terms derived from Ancient Greek
• English terms prefixed with anti-
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Antithesis Definition

What is antithesis? Here’s a quick and simple definition:

Antithesis is a figure of speech that juxtaposes two contrasting or opposing ideas, usually within parallel grammatical structures. For instance, Neil Armstrong used antithesis when he stepped onto the surface of the moon in 1969 and said, "That's one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind." This is an example of antithesis because the two halves of the sentence mirror each other in grammatical structure, while together the two halves emphasize the incredible contrast between the individual experience of taking an ordinary step, and the extraordinary progress that Armstrong's step symbolized for the human race.

Some additional key details about antithesis:

• Antithesis works best when it is used in conjunction with parallelism (successive phrases that use the same grammatical structure), since the repetition of structure makes the contrast of the content of the phrases as clear as possible.
• The word "antithesis" has another meaning, which is to describe something as being the opposite of another thing. For example, "love is the antithesis of selfishness." This guide focuses only on antithesis as a literary device.
• The word antithesis has its origins in the Greek word antithenai , meaning "to oppose." The plural of antithesis is antitheses.

How to Pronounce Antithesis

Here's how to pronounce antithesis: an- tith -uh-sis

Antithesis and Parallelism

Often, but not always, antithesis works in tandem with parallelism . In parallelism, two components of a sentence (or pair of sentences) mirror one another by repeating grammatical elements. The following is a good example of both antithesis and parallelism:

To err is human , to forgive divine .

The two clauses of the sentence are parallel because each starts off with an infinitive verb and ends with an adjective ("human" and "divine"). The mirroring of these elements then works to emphasize the contrast in their content, particularly in the very strong opposite contrast between "human" and "divine."

Antithesis Without Parallelism

In most cases, antitheses involve parallel elements of the sentence—whether a pair of nouns, verbs, adjectives, or other grammar elements. However, it is also possible to have antithesis without such clear cut parallelism. In the Temptations Song "My Girl," the singer uses antithesis when he says:

"When it's cold outside , I've got the month of May ."

Here the sentence is clearly cut into two clauses on either side of the comma, and the contrasting elements are clear enough. However, strictly speaking there isn't true parallelism here because "cold outside" and "month of May" are different types of grammatical structures (an adjective phrase and a noun phrase, respectively).

Antithesis vs. Related Terms

Three literary terms that are often mistakenly used in the place of antithesis are juxtaposition , oxymoron , and foil . Each of these three terms does have to do with establishing a relationship of difference between two ideas or characters in a text, but beyond that there are significant differences between them.

Antithesis vs. Juxtaposition

In juxtaposition , two things or ideas are placed next to one another to draw attention to their differences or similarities. In juxtaposition, the pairing of two ideas is therefore not necessarily done to create a relationship of opposition or contradiction between them, as is the case with antithesis. So, while antithesis could be a type of juxtaposition, juxtaposition is not always antithesis.

Antithesis vs. Oxymoron

In an oxymoron , two seemingly contradictory words are placed together because their unlikely combination reveals a deeper truth. Some examples of oxymorons include:

• Sweet sorrow
• Cruel kindness
• Living dead

The focus of antithesis is opposites rather than contradictions . While the words involved in oxymorons seem like they don't belong together (until you give them deeper thought), the words or ideas of antithesis do feel like they belong together even as they contrast as opposites. Further, antitheses seldom function by placing the two words or ideas right next to one another, so antitheses are usually made up of more than two words (as in, "I'd rather be among the living than among the dead").

Antithesis vs. Foil

Some Internet sources use "antithesis" to describe an author's decision to create two characters in a story that are direct opposites of one another—for instance, the protagonist and antagonist . But the correct term for this kind of opposition is a foil : a person or thing in a work of literature that contrasts with another thing in order to call attention to its qualities. While the sentence "the hare was fast, and the tortoise was slow" is an example of antithesis, if we step back and look at the story as a whole, the better term to describe the relationship between the characters of the tortoise and the hare is "foil," as in, "The character of the hare is a foil of the tortoise."

Antithesis Examples

Antithesis in literature.

Below are examples of antithesis from some of English literature's most acclaimed writers — and a comic book!

Antithesis in Charles Dickens' A Tale of Two Cities

In the famous opening lines of A Tale of Two Cities , Dickens sets out a flowing list of antitheses punctuated by the repetition of the word "it was" at the beginning of each clause (which is itself an example of the figure of speech anaphora ). By building up this list of contrasts, Dickens sets the scene of the French Revolution that will serve as the setting of his tale by emphasizing the division and confusion of the era. The overwhelming accumulation of antitheses is also purposefully overdone; Dickens is using hyperbole to make fun of the "noisiest authorities" of the day and their exaggerated claims. The passage contains many examples of antithesis, each consisting of one pair of contrasting ideas that we've highlighted to make the structure clearer.

It was the best of times , it was the worst of times , it was the age of wisdom , it was the age of foolishness , it was the epoch of belief , it was the epoch of incredulity , it was the season of Light , it was the season of Darkness , it was the spring of hope , it was the winter of despair , we had everything before us, we had nothing before us, we were all going direct to Heaven , we were all going direct the other way —in short, the period was so far like the present period, that some of its noisiest authorities insisted on its being received, for good or for evil, in the superlative degree of comparison only.

Antithesis in John Milton's Paradise Lost

In this verse from Paradise Lost , Milton's anti-hero , Satan, claims he's happier as the king of Hell than he could ever have been as a servant in Heaven. He justifies his rebellion against God with this pithy phrase, and the antithesis drives home the double contrast between Hell and Heaven, and between ruling and serving.

Better to reign in Hell than serve in Heaven.

Antithesis in William Shakespeare's Othello

As the plot of Othello nears its climax , the antagonist of the play, Iago, pauses for a moment to acknowledge the significance of what is about to happen. Iago uses antithesis to contrast the two opposite potential outcomes of his villainous plot: either events will transpire in Iago's favor and he will come out on top, or his treachery will be discovered, ruining him.

This is the night That either makes me or fordoes me quite .

In this passage, the simple word "either" functions as a cue for the reader to expect some form of parallelism, because the "either" signals that a contrast between two things is coming.

Antithesis in William Shakespeare's Hamlet

Shakespeare's plays are full of antithesis, and so is Hamlet's most well-known "To be or not to be" soliloquy . This excerpt of the soliloquy is a good example of an antithesis that is not limited to a single word or short phrase. The first instance of antithesis here, where Hamlet announces the guiding question (" to be or not to be ") is followed by an elaboration of each idea ("to be" and "not to be") into metaphors that then form their own antithesis. Both instances of antithesis hinge on an " or " that divides the two contrasting options.

To be or not to be , that is the question: Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune Or to take arms against a sea of troubles, And by opposing end them ...

Antithesis in T.S. Eliot's "Four Quartets"

In this excerpt from his poem "Four Quartets," T.S. Eliot uses antithesis to describe the cycle of life, which is continuously passing from beginning to end, from rise to fall, and from old to new.

In my beginning is my end . In succession Houses rise and fall , crumble, are extended, Are removed, destroyed, restored, or in their place Is an open field, or a factory, or a by-pass. Old stone to new building , old timber to new fires ...

Antithesis in Green Lantern's Oath

Comic book writers know the power of antithesis too! In this catchy oath, Green Lantern uses antithesis to emphasize that his mission to defeat evil will endure no matter the conditions.

In brightest day , in blackest night , No evil shall escape my sight. Let those who worship evil's might Beware my power—Green lantern's light!

While most instances of antithesis are built around an "or" that signals the contrast between the two parts of the sentence, the Green Lantern oath works a bit differently. It's built around an implied "and" (to be technical, that first line of the oath is an asyndeton that replaces the "and" with a comma), because members of the Green Lantern corps are expressing their willingness to fight evil in all places, even very opposite environments.

Antithesis in Speeches

Many well-known speeches contain examples of antithesis. Speakers use antithesis to drive home the stakes of what they are saying, sometimes by contrasting two distinct visions of the future.

Antithesis in Patrick Henry's Speech to the Second Virginia Convention, 1775

This speech by famous American patriot Patrick Henry includes one of the most memorable and oft-quoted phrases from the era of the American Revolution. Here, Henry uses antithesis to emphasize just how highly he prizes liberty, and how deadly serious he is about his fight to achieve it.

Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery? Forbid it, Almighty God! I know not what course others may take: but as for me, give me liberty or give me death .

Antithesis in Martin Luther King Jr.'s Oberlin Commencement Address

In this speech by one of America's most well-known orators, antithesis allows Martin Luther King Jr. to highlight the contrast between two visions of the future; in the first vision, humans rise above their differences to cooperate with one another, while in the other humanity is doomed by infighting and division.

We must all learn to live together as brothers —or we will all perish together as fools .

Antithesis in Songs

In songs, contrasting two opposite ideas using antithesis can heighten the dramatic tension of a difficult decision, or express the singer's intense emotion—but whatever the context, antithesis is a useful tool for songwriters mainly because opposites are always easy to remember, so lyrics that use antithesis tend to stick in the head.

Antithesis in "Should I Stay or Should I Go" by The Clash (1981)

In this song by The Clash, the speaker is caught at a crossroads between two choices, and antithesis serves as the perfect tool to express just how confused and conflicted he is. The rhetorical question —whether to stay or to go—presents two opposing options, and the contrast between his lover's mood from one day (when everything is "fine") to the next (when it's all "black") explains the difficulty of his choice.

One day it's fine and next it's black So if you want me off your back Well, come on and let me know Should I stay or should I go ? Should I stay or should I go now? Should I stay or should I go now? If I go, there will be trouble If I stay it will be double ...

Antithesis in "My Girl" by the Temptations (1965)

In this song, the singer uses a pair of metaphors to describe the feeling of joy that his lover brings him. This joy is expressed through antithesis, since the singer uses the miserable weather of a cloudy, cold day as the setting for the sunshine-filled month of May that "his girl" makes him feel inside, emphasizing the power of his emotions by contrasting them with the bleak weather.

I've got sunshine on a cloudy day When it's cold outside I've got the month of May Well I guess you'd say, What can make me feel this way? My girl, my girl, my girl Talkin' bout my girl.

Why Do Writers Use Antithesis?

Fundamentally, writers of all types use antithesis for its ability to create a clear contrast. This contrast can serve a number of purposes, as shown in the examples above. It can:

• Present a stark choice between two alternatives.
• Convey magnitude or range (i.e. "in brightest day, in darkest night" or "from the highest mountain, to the deepest valley").
• Express strong emotions.
• Create a relationship of opposition between two separate ideas.
• Accentuate the qualities and characteristics of one thing by placing it in opposition to another.

Whatever the case, antithesis almost always has the added benefit of making language more memorable to listeners and readers. The use of parallelism and other simple grammatical constructions like "either/or" help to establish opposition between concepts—and opposites have a way of sticking in the memory.

Other Helpful Antithesis Resources

• The Wikipedia page on Antithesis : A useful summary with associated examples, along with an extensive account of antithesis in the Gospel of Matthew.
• Sound bites from history : A list of examples of antithesis in famous political speeches from United States history — with audio clips!
• A blog post on antithesis : This quick rundown of antithesis focuses on a quote you may know from Muhammad Ali's philosophy of boxing: "Float like a butterfly, sting like a bee."

• Climax (Figure of Speech)
• Figure of Speech
• Juxtaposition
• Parallelism
• Protagonist
• Rhetorical Question
• Antanaclasis
• Connotation
• Internal Rhyme
• Flat Character
• Anachronism
• Common Meter
• Rhyme Scheme

• Quizzes, saving guides, requests, plus so much more.

Republican House panel subpoenas Gov. Walz in investigation of Minnesota nonprofit that ran a Covid aid scheme

WASHINGTON — The House Education and Workforce Committee issued subpoenas Wednesday to Minnesota Gov. Tim Walz, the Minnesota Department of Education and the U.S. Department of Agriculture for how they responded to what federal prosecutors have called the largest pandemic fraud scheme s in the country.

The subpoenas, obtained first by NBC News, demand that Walz, Minnesota Commissioner of Education Willie Jett, U.S. Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack and Agriculture Inspector General Phyllis Fong turn over documents concerning oversight of the nonprofit Feeding Our Future, which is alleged to have misused millions of dollars intended to feed children during the pandemic.

Walz's record has faced new scrutiny since Vice President Kamala Harris tapped him as her running mate last month, though this new request by the Republican-led committee is part of an investigative effort that goes back to 2022.

Rep. Virginia Foxx, R-N.C., the committee chair, wrote in a letter to Walz that the committee is requesting this information to show "the extent of your responsibilities and actions addressing the massive fraud that resulted in the abuse of taxpayer dollars intended for hungry children."

A Walz spokeswoman called the alleged fraud "an appalling abuse of a federal COVID-era program," adding: “The state department of education worked diligently to stop the fraud and we’re grateful to the FBI for working with the department of education to arrest and charge the individuals involved.” 

According to a June state audit report , the Minnesota Education Department failed to properly oversee Feeding Our Future, saying the department's "actions and inactions created opportunities for fraud."

State education officials are tasked with overseeing federal programs that reimburse groups like Feeding Our Future for providing free, nutritious meals to children. The state audit called the Minnesota Education Department's oversight "inadequate."

Jett, the top education official, submitted a written response to the report that put the blame on the individuals involved in the scheme. “What happened with Feeding Our Future was a travesty — a coordinated, brazen abuse of nutrition programs that exist to ensure access to healthy meals for low-income children," he wrote. "The responsibility for this flagrant fraud lies with the indicted and convicted fraudsters.”

Following the report, Walz said there was no “malfeasance” at the state level. “There’s not a single state employee that was implicated in doing anything that was illegal,” Walz said at a press conference in June according to The Minnesota Star Tribune . “They simply didn’t do as much due diligence as they should have.”

In December 2022, Walz announced the addition of an inspector general position at the state department of education, “a critical step to ensuring proper oversight of federal funds,” he said in a statement at the time. 

Prosecutors allege that Feeding Our Future opened more than 250 sites throughout Minnesota and submitted fraudulent attendance rosters of the names of fake children they claimed were receiving the meals.

The U.S. Justice Department has charged 70 individuals in connection to the scheme. Eighteen have pleaded guilty and five were convicted in June.

The state education department reported Feeding Our Future to the FBI in April 2021 on fraud suspicions, according to the audit . The FBI started an investigation the next month. 

Prior to that, the education department had notified the USDA inspector general’s office in the fall of 2020 during President Donald Trump's administration about concerns over the growth of Feeding Our Future but the agency did not take action, the audit said.

Foxx, along with the Republican leaders of the House Oversight and Accountability Committee and the Agriculture Committee, first requested documents from the U.S. Agriculture Department in September 2022 after federal charges were unsealed in the case concerning Feeding Our Future. At that point, Republicans were in the minority in the House so they did not control committees.

Once in the majority in 2023, Foxx and her fellow committee chairs followed up with USDA. The group of Republicans also requested documents from Jett in June.

Foxx said in letters accompanying the subpoenas that both the USDA's and the Minnesota Education Department's "production of information has been neither timely nor fully responsive."

The top Democrat on the committee criticized the timing of the subpoena and noted in a timeline that it marks the first public outreach to Walz by Republicans. “The timing of the Republican’s subpoena to Governor Walz is weird,” Rep. Bobby Scott, D-Va., said.

Walz and the state and federal officials have until Sept. 18 to provide the requested documents, according to the subpoenas, though none of them are required to testify.

NBC News has reached out to all of the individuals subpoenaed for comment.

Kyle Stewart is a field producer covering Congress for NBC News.

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Modern Love

That Time My Father and I Fell for the Same Woman

It was devastating, then surprisingly not.

By Anaïs La Rocca

It would have been an average father-daughter spring break in Paris if not for that courtyard party we attended 13 years ago. The first time I saw Audrey there, I thought she was sexy. Turns out, my father did too. That night, somewhere amid the clinking silverware and Charles Aznavour playlists, our futures were being quietly rewritten.

Audrey, in her mid-30s, was the epitome of grace and artistic flair, an award-winning production designer for the opera, and the definition of French-Vietnamese beauty. Her hair was held up by two red chopsticks, and the rest of her was fitted in an orange satin dress. This was her normal attire.

Then there was me, mid-20s, jeggings, who thought day-drinking at the Louvre was peak culture. Yet somehow, over clams au beurre and enough chardonnay to drown a fish, we hit it off.

Under the stars, we shared her pack of Benson & Hedges — along with an actual dinner plate, to make more elbow room at the table. She is always the woman everyone in the room is looking at, I thought, including me.

A year later, outside of a Starbucks on Queens Boulevard in New York City, when my father told me he was having an affair with a woman he met in Paris, my first thought was, “Oh, I know just the one.”

Audrey had been promoted from the chic French friend to the other woman. My second thought was more of a realization: My father said he was “in love,” and for the first time in my know-it-all life, I realized I had no idea what that meant.

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