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A Case Study of Urban Regeneration in Manchester - Salford Quays

Urban Regeneration in a Major UK City

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A Case Study of Urban Regeneration in Manchester – Salford Quays

Salford Quays is a waterfront area on the Manchester Ship Canal in Salford, Greater Manchester. It was previously the site of Manchester Docks and faces Trafford across the canal. The area faced severe decline when the docks ceased operations. Since then, the area has transformed into a vibrant commercial, residential, and cultural district through regeneration.

Why was the regeneration needed in Salford Quays?

The 1982 closure of Manchester Docks left Salford Quays largely deserted, with extensive unused land and abandoned infrastructure. This decline reflected broader economic shifts away from industrial activities in the UK.  The focus of the regeneration was to boost the local economy and enhance residents’ quality of life.

What were the main features of the project?

The redevelopment plan for Salford Quays focused on revitalising the waterfront to support new commercial, residential, and leisure spaces. Significant road and transport links investments include extending the Metrolink tram system to improve connectivity with Manchester city centre and surrounding areas.

Cultural landmarks such as The Lowry—a theatre and gallery complex—and the Imperial War Museum North are crucial in redefining the area’s identity. These venues are important because they attract visitors and serve as community hubs.

Commercial and residential spaces proliferated, with numerous office buildings and housing developments constructed. BBC and ITV’s relocation of significant operations to MediaCityUK within Salford Quays attracted other businesses in the media and digital sectors, creating a vibrant employment hub.

Environmental improvements include investment in public spaces, walkways, and water features. Salford Quays’ redevelopment plan focused heavily on maintaining and enhancing the area’s waterfront, a significant natural feature.

A significant aspect of the redevelopment was including green spaces, parks, and recreational areas. These green spaces promote biodiversity and provide recreational opportunities for the community.

New buildings, including residential units, office spaces, and cultural venues, feature energy-efficient technologies, use sustainable materials, and are energy efficient. Some buildings have green roofs and energy-efficient glazing, contributing to a reduced carbon footprint.

How successful has the regeneration been in Salford Quays?

The regeneration significantly boosted the local economy by attracting investment, creating jobs, and increasing property values. Salford Quays is now a key part of Greater Manchester’s economic landscape , hosting diverse businesses.

Salford Quays has become a cultural and entertainment destination, hosting various cultural institutions and events that enhance the area’s vibrancy and appeal.

The development of residential areas alongside commercial and cultural venues has created a balanced urban community, offering improved lifestyle options for residents. The area’s amenities and green spaces contribute to a high quality of life.

While the project is hailed as a success, it has faced criticism because of concerns about rising property prices and living costs, raising issues about affordability and the displacement of existing communities. Additionally, some argue the benefits of regeneration have not been evenly distributed, highlighting the need for ongoing efforts to ensure inclusive growth.

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Urban Stakeholders & Regeneration Success ( Edexcel A Level Geography )

Revision note.

Geography Content Creator

Regeneration Strategies

• The well-being of residents 
• The narrowing of any gaps in inequality

The regeneration of Salford Quays

Impacts of the Salford Quays’ regeneration scheme

• Due to the regeneration initiated by Salford City Council (a key stakeholder ), Salford Quays has become a desirable residential location with a growing population 
• Problems and conflicts have arisen due to the regeneration:
• Almost a third of Salford's existing population live in highly deprived areas
• 10,500 people live in places of extreme deprivation in Salford, whilst some neighbouring areas have the highest levels of growth
• New housing is not affordable to the majority of locals 
• In 2020, two-bedroom apartments in The Lightbox (a new MediaCityUK development) were on sale for £325,000
• The bottom 20% of workers in Salford earn £16,894 per year
• In 2012, it was reported that only 24 of the 680 new jobs at the BBC in Salford had gone to local people
• In 2013, local historians and local people were upset when two iconic industrial quayside cranes were demolished - one of the last icons of Salford's industrial heritage 
• As part of the Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) for Salford (2019)
• Crime has increased - 16th most deprived English local authority out of 317   
• The greatest improvement for Salford has been in the health category, from 7th most deprived to 12th

The overall index of deprivation rank for Salford (2019)

• Salford City Council will view the job creation of Salford Quays as successful, but may not be pleased that the IMD Ranking has got worse
• Existing residents will welcome the new affordable housing development at Pendleton and the improved environment, but will be displeased by all the extra traffic congestion and the new unaffordable housing
• Local businesses will welcome the increasing population of wealthier, younger people to boost profits, but not if their business has had to relocate due to the regeneration

It is worth researching regeneration schemes, such as the 2012 Olympic site, to see if any further improvements or conflicts have taken place since the initial regeneration e.g. by 2036, more than 33,000 new homes will be built in the Olympic park, with a third of the housing being affordable

Worked example

Study figure 2 and suggest one way the writer of the blog presents a negative view of this attempt at regeneration..

• The specification focuses on perception and sense of place; you need to be able to use a range of sources of information to find out about contrasting views e.g. Photos, blogs
• For this question, you need to use the text and/or the photograph to help say how the views of the blogger are conveyed
• You need to make three linked points for these questions, rather than introducing a new idea

The writer uses a harsh, sarcastic tone when describing this regeneration attempt by implying it is boring, “big and ugly”, whilst further suggesting that the only reason for this sculpture is for Siemens to advertise their products. This suggests that the regeneration has done little for the local people and more for the interests of Siemens and its investors. 

Variables to Measure Changes

• Economic e.g. increasing average incomes and the number of better-paid jobs
• Social e.g. reducing levels of deprivation
• Demographic changes e.g. improving life expectancy and reduced health deprivation
• Environmental e.g. reducing pollution levels and the amount of derelict land
• The economic variable :
• Is often the driving force of urban regeneration
• National benefits sometimes are seen as more important than local views e.g. the national fracking debate 
• The social variable :
• Any change should cater for the needs of locals as well as newcomers to the area
• Locals should not be excluded or forced out of their area
• The environmental variable : 
• Some residents may have to live in an area that has a poor environment, as they do not have the money to move
• An enhanced environment will attract people to live, work or visit the place
• The variable for demographic changes :
• An increase in the proportion of younger, working-age people indicates that the area has more economic prospects or greater opportunities for tertiary education e.g. universities
• A decrease in the overall numbers of any age group, in an area, is not a positive indicator 
• The regeneration strategy may have caused these groups to leave the area

Stakeholder Criteria for Success

• Urban regeneration involves a wide range of stakeholders with different social, economic and environmental expectations and interests
• Therefore the relative success of regeneration is often viewed differently by individuals and groups of stakeholders e.g.
• Local government
• National government
• Developers (property, business)
• Local businesses
• A stakeholder’s lived experience of a place can affect their judgement of urban regeneration and whether it has successfully changed the place, as well as the image of it.

Stakeholders’ Perceptions of Urban Regeneration

Explain how the viewpoints of players differ for urban regeneration

• Rather than briefly writing about four players, pick two or three groups and explain what their viewpoint is and suggest why they might hold these opinions
• Better answers might discuss what has happened in named places, e.g. Salford or your local or contrasting place case study
• To access Level 3, you need to include at least two reasons for different viewpoints

The viewpoints of players differ for urban regeneration due to different social, economic and environmental expectations and interests of the regeneration scheme. 

Some players, such as developers, will be motivated by economic interests, whilst social variables will not feature as highly for them due to not having a lived experience of the place. The developers will prioritise money over social aspects, as they will have invested a considerable amount of money into the regeneration scheme and will want to make as much profit as possible. For example, after the 2012 London Olympic Games, the Athletes’ Village was sold to Qatari Diar Real Estate Investment Company for £557 million. The company has transformed this area into the East Village providing over 2,800 homes for people. On average, properties are now worth £601,000 and rents begin at £1,750 per month for a studio flat. The East Village is now worth approximately 3 times what the company paid for it. 

Other players, such as local residents, will be motivated by social interest. The local residents will want to see their quality of life improved, with more services and facilities, more affordable housing and a better environment. The environment was dramatically improved during the regeneration of Lea Valley for the Olympic Games as large amounts of derelict, industrial wasteland was transformed into cleaner, open spaces. However, some local residents were evicted from their homes to make way for the regeneration, such as Clay Lane Housing Estate. Gentrification subsequently increased house prices in the area, making them unaffordable for the original residents. To live in the Olympic Village after the Games, people needed to earn between £60,000 - £90,000 per year, whilst the average income for local residents was approximately £27,000. This has led to the destruction of the East London community and culture.

Not all stakeholders are equal at influencing the character and management of a regeneration scheme. Generally, national or local governments, alongside developers, will have the power and resources to influence the planned regeneration scheme. Local businesses and residents might be consulted about their views on the regeneration scheme, but not all these viewpoints will be considered in the final plans.

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Salford Quays

Salford quays - regeneration.

Salford Quays occupies the upper part of the Manchester Ship Canal complex. It used to be a derelict area of abandoned warehouses and polluted canals. Salford Quays is a major development in the northwest of England.

Salford Quays complex

• Over 100 hectares of old industrial land was developed by Salford City Council and private investors like Peel Holdings.
• Large lengths of canals and water frontages were cleaned and new vegetation was planted.

Interest groups

• The developers of Salford Quays worked closely with environmental interest groups like the RSPB (which conserves wildlife habitats) when doing river restoration work.

Landmark buildings

• Landmark buildings like the Lowry Theatre, Lowry shopping centre, and the Imperial War Museum North were opened around Salford Quays.
• An area called Media City has been developed and media organisations like the BBC have moved there.

• The Manchester Metrolink was extended to reach Salford Quays and Media City. It now connects directly into Manchester Piccadilly metro station.

Ocean Gateway

• Peel Holdings are now planning the 'Ocean Gateway' project, which is currently the largest development project in the UK.
• They plan to invest in the Manchester Ship Canal route, which links Manchester and Liverpool.
• The project has a 50-year plan, encompassing the development of renewable energy resources and the regeneration of abandoned docklands.

Salford Quays - Urban Regeneration

The regeneration of Salford Quays bears the hallmarks of more than one urban regeneration strategy.

• 2,300 BBC staff are now employed in MediaCity in Salford Quays. Many of these jobs are full-time, which is likely to be viewed as more favourable by stakeholders relative to jobs with zero hours contracts.

Positive feedback loop

• Rather than experiencing a spiral of decline, it is possible that Salford Quays could create a positive feedback loop.
• By creating new jobs, landmark buildings and retail experiences, more people and jobs could be attracted to the area in a continuous cycle.

International influences

• The presence of many MNC retailers like Tessuti and M&S in the Lowry's shopping centre illustrates the significance of global influences on places.

Regeneration strategies

• Tourism-led regeneration is evident because of the Lowry Theatre and Imperial War Museum. They are also landmark buildings.
• Retail-led regeneration is shown by the construction of a shopping centre nearby.
• Culture-led regeneration is shown by the establishment of museums like the Imperial War Museum North.

1 Tectonic Processes & Hazards

1.1 Tectonic Processes & Hazards

1.1.1 Tectonic Plates

1.1.2 Distribution of Tectonic Hazards

1.1.3 Theoretical Frameworks

1.1.4 Earthquakes

1.1.5 Earthquake Hazards

1.1.6 Volcanoes

1.1.7 Tsunamis

1.1.8 End of Topic Test - Tectonic Processes

1.1.9 Exam-Style Question - Earthquakes

1.2 Natural Disasters

1.2.1 Introduction to Natural Disasters

1.2.2 Impacts of Hazards

1.2.3 Comparing Hazards

1.2.4 Development & Governance

1.3 Natural Disaster Case Studies

1.3.1 Tohoku Earthquake & Tsunami

1.3.2 Gorkha Earthquake

1.3.3 Mount Merapi Eruption

1.4 Trends & Patterns

1.4.1 Disaster Trends

1.4.2 Prediction

1.5 Disaster Modification

1.5.1 Hazard Management

1.5.2 Modifications

1.5.3 End of Topic Test - Natural Disasters

1.5.4 Exam-Style Question - Disaster Modification

2 Option 2A: Glaciated Landscapes & Change

2.1 Glaciated Landscapes Over Time

2.1.1 Timeline of Glacial Change

2.1.2 Natural Causes

2.1.3 Ice Distributions

2.2 Periglacial Landscapes

2.2.1 Periglacial Processes

2.2.2 Periglacial Landforms

2.3 Glacial Processes

2.3.1 Mass Balance

2.3.2 Glacial Movement

2.4 Glacial Landforms

2.4.1 Landscapes

2.4.2 Erosional Landforms

2.4.3 Erosional Landforms 2

2.4.4 Erosional Landforms 3

2.4.5 Depositional Landforms

2.4.6 Fluvioglaciation

2.5 The Future of Glaciated Landscapes

2.5.1 The Value of Glaciated Landscapes

2.5.2 The Value of Glaciated Landscapes 2

2.5.3 Threats to Glaciated Landscapes

2.5.4 Managing the Threats to Glaciated Landscapes

3 Option 2B: Coastal Landscapes & Change

3.1 Coastal Landscapes

3.1.1 The Wider Coastal Landscape

3.1.2 Geological Structure

3.1.3 Lithology & Vegetation

3.2 Coastal Erosion & Deposition

3.2.1 Shaping Coastlines

3.2.2 Coastal Formations

3.2.3 Sediment Transportation

3.2.4 Subaerial Processes

3.3 Coastal Risks

3.3.1 Sea Level Change

3.3.2 Coastal Retreat

3.3.3 Coastal Flooding

3.4 Managing Coastlines

3.4.1 Consequences of Coastal Recession

3.4.2 Engineering Management Approaches

3.4.3 Governance Approaches

4 Globalisation

4.1 Globalisation

4.1.1 Intro to Globalisation

4.1.2 Development of Globalisation

4.1.3 Economic Policy & Globalisation

4.1.4 Government Policy & Globalisation

4.1.5 International Organisations & Globalisation

4.1.6 Measuring Globalisation

4.1.7 TNCs & Globalisation

4.1.8 TNCs - Aramco & Anglo-Iranian Oil

4.2 Negatives of Globalisation

4.2.1 'Switched Off' Places

4.3 Global Shift

4.3.1 Global Shift for Developing Nations

4.3.2 Global Shift for Developing Nations 2

4.3.3 Global Shift for Developed Nations

4.3.4 End of Topic Test - Globalisation

4.4 Migration

4.4.1 Megacities

4.4.2 International Migration

4.4.3 Country Interdependence

4.5 Culture

4.5.1 Global Culture

4.5.2 Cultural Erosion

4.6 Measuring Development

4.6.1 Measuring Development

4.7 Responses to Globalisation

4.7.1 Tensions Caused by Globalisation

4.7.2 Government Control of Globalisation

4.7.3 Ethical Responses to Globalisation

4.7.4 End of Topic Test - Migration, Culture, & Response

5 Option 4A: Regenerating Places

5.1 Types of Economies

5.1.1 Economic Activity

5.1.2 Employment

5.1.3 Economic Activity - Health & Life

5.1.4 Economic Activity - Education & Inequality

5.2 Function of Places

5.2.1 Characteristics of Places

5.2.2 Changes in Places

5.2.3 International Influences on Places

5.2.4 Historic Influences on Places

5.2.5 The Perception of Places

5.2.6 Lived Experience & Attachment

5.3 Regeneration

5.3.1 Migration & Capital

5.3.2 Success & Regeneration

5.3.3 Tensions & Conflict in Communities

5.3.4 Regeneration in the UK

5.3.5 Local Government Policies

5.3.6 Regeneration Strategies

5.3.7 Measuring Regeneration Success

5.4 Regeneration Case Studies

5.4.1 Stratford

5.4.2 Salford Quays

5.4.3 Croyde

6 Option 4B: Diverse Places

6.1 Population Structure

6.1.1 The UK

6.1.2 Population Characteristics

6.1.3 Government & Change

6.2 Past & Present Connections

6.2.1 International Influence on Places

6.2.2 Historic Influences on Places

6.2.3 The Perception of Places

6.2.4 Image & Identity

6.3 Urban & Rural Spaces

6.3.1 Perceptions of Urban Places

6.3.2 Perceptions of Rural Places

6.3.3 Evaluating Living Space

6.4 Diversity

6.4.1 UK Migrations

6.4.2 Challenges

6.4.3 Tensions & Conflict

6.4.4 Wider Outcomes of Tensions

6.4.5 Managing Tensions

6.5 Urban & Rural Case Studies

6.5.1 Stakeholders

6.6 Case Study - Tower Hamlets

6.6.1 Background

6.6.2 Characteristics

6.6.3 Issues

6.7 Case Study - Sturton-le-Steeple

6.7.1 Background

6.7.2 Characteristics

6.7.3 Issues

7 The Water Cycle & Water Insecurity (A2 only)

7.1 Hydrological Processes Global to Local

7.1.1 Global Hydrological Cycle

7.1.2 Drainage Basin Hydrological Cycle

7.1.3 Water Budgets

7.1.4 River Regimes

7.1.5 Storm Hydrographs

7.2 Influences on the Water Cycle

7.2.1 Causes of Drought

7.2.2 Impacts of Drought

7.2.3 Causes of Flooding

7.2.4 Impacts of Flooding

7.2.5 Climate Change & The Water Cycle

7.2.6 Impacts of Climate Change

7.2.7 End of Topic Test - The Water Cycle

7.3 Water Insecurity

7.3.1 Water Stress

7.3.2 Causes of Water Insecurity

7.3.3 Water Insecurity Risk

7.3.4 Conflict Over Water

7.4 Water Supply Management

7.4.1 Hard Engineering Schemes

7.4.2 Sustainable Management

7.4.3 Water Treaties & Framework

7.4.4 End of Topic Test - Water Insecurity & Management

8 The Carbon Cycle & Energy Security (A2 only)

8.1 The Carbon Cycle

8.1.1 Carbon Stores

8.1.2 Carbon Stores 2

8.1.3 Biological Carbon

8.1.4 Atmospheric Carbon

8.1.5 Burning Fossil Fuels

8.2 Energy Consumption

8.2.1 Consumption

8.2.2 Access to Energy

8.2.3 Energy Players

8.2.4 Supply & Demand

8.2.5 Pathways

8.2.6 End of Topic Test - Carbon & Consumption

8.3 Alternative Energy

8.3.1 Unconventional Fuels

8.3.2 Non-Fossil Fuels

8.3.3 Non-Fossil Fuels 2

8.4 Growing Demand for Resources

8.4.1 Deforestation

8.4.2 Water

8.4.3 Climate Change

8.5 The Future

8.5.1 Future Uncertainty

8.5.2 Adaptation Strategies

8.5.3 Mitigation Strategies

9 Superpowers (A2 only)

9.1 Superpowers

9.1.1 Introduction to Superpowers

9.1.2 Superpowers - Economic Power & Size

9.1.3 Superpowers - Political & Military Power

9.1.4 Superpowers - Culture, Demography & Resources

9.1.5 Geo-Strategic Location

9.2 Hard & Soft Power

9.2.1 Hard & Soft Power

9.2.2 Emerging Powers - China Rivalry

9.2.3 Emerging Powers - Chinese Sources of Power

9.2.4 Emerging Powers - Brazil

9.2.5 Emerging Powers - Russia

9.2.6 Emerging Powers - India

9.2.7 Theories of Development

9.2.8 Power Case Studies: Chinese One Belt One Road

9.2.9 Power Case Studies: Pakistan Nuclear Arms

9.2.10 Power Case Studies: OPEC

9.3 IGOs, TNCs & Alliances

9.3.1 Superpowers & IGOs

9.3.2 Superpowers & TNCs

9.3.3 Superpowers & Global Action

9.3.4 Superpowers & Alliances

9.3.5 Superpowers & the Environment

9.4 Changing Global Influence

9.4.1 Recent Tensions between Powers

9.4.2 China in Africa & Asia

9.4.3 Tensions in the Middle East

9.4.4 Economic Problems for Superpowers

9.4.5 Future Pattern of Power

10 Option 8A: Health & Human Rights (A2 only)

10.1 Human Development

10.1.1 Measuring Development

10.1.2 Factors Improving Development

10.1.3 Variations in Health

10.2 Role of Governments & IGOs

10.2.1 Targets & Attitudes

10.2.2 Financial IGOs

10.2.3 The United Nations (UN)

10.2.4 The UN's MDGs & SDGs

10.3 Human Rights

10.3.1 Human Rights

10.3.2 Differences Between Countries

10.3.3 Transitions to Democracy

10.3.4 Differences Within Countries

10.3.5 The Demand for Equality

10.4 Interventions

10.4.1 Geopolitical Interventions

10.4.2 International Intervention Players

10.4.3 Evaluating Geopolitical Intervention

10.4.4 Military Interventions

10.4.5 Evaluating Military Interventions

10.5 Development Aid

10.5.1 Forms

10.5.2 Successes

10.5.3 Criticisms

10.5.4 Development Aid & the Environment

10.5.5 Evaluating Development Aid

10.5.6 Economic Inequalities

11 Option 8B: Migration & Identity (A2 only)

11.1 Globalisation & Migration

11.1.1 Intro to Migration

11.1.2 Trends in Migration

11.1.3 Common Migration Patterns

11.1.4 Causes of Migration

11.1.5 Restrictions on Migration

11.2 Consequences of Migration

11.2.1 Intro to Culture

11.2.2 Social & Demographic Tensions of Migration

11.2.3 Political & Economic Tensions of Migration

11.3 Nation States

11.3.1 Intro to Nation States

11.3.2 Borders

11.3.3 Nationalism

11.4 Responses to Global Migration

11.4.1 Responses to Global Migration

11.4.2 Global Organisations

11.4.3 IGOs and World Trade

11.4.4 Financial IGOs

11.4.5 Environmental IGOs

11.5 Sovereignty & Identity

11.5.1 Sovereignty & Nationalism

11.5.2 Complex Identities

11.5.3 Challenges to National Identities

11.5.4 Tensions within Nations

11.5.5 Failed States

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• Salford Quays

Delve into the geographical marvel of Salford Quays, a striking illustration of urban regeneration in England. This piece offers an in-depth examination of its location, transformation, and effects of redevelopment. Understand the context of Salford Quays within Greater Manchester and explore its distinctive transformation from a historic port to a modern hub. Uncover the benefits and challenges associated with the regeneration of Salford Quays through this comprehensive analysis.

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• Cell Biology

When the Docks closed in 1982, there were a lot of issues. What kind of issues?

Where is Salford Quays located?

When and why were the Manchester Docks built?

Between 1985 and 1990, which buildings were created and where? 

The original plan was reviewed. Which opportunities were highlighted? 

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• Challenges In The Human Environment
• Changing Economic World
• Coasts Geography
• Diverse Places
• Dynamic Landscapes
• Energy Security
• Glaciated Landscapes
• Global Resource Management
• Globalisation
• Health And Human Rights
• Living With The Physical Environment
• Living World
• Migration and Identity
• Regenerating Places
• Economic Activity
• Lived Experience
• Local Government Policies
• Negative Impacts of Regeneration
• Regeneration
• Regeneration Case Studies
• Types of Economies
• Urban Functions
• River Landscapes
• Superpowers of the World
• Sustainable Urban Development
• Water Cycle

Salford Quays: A Geographical Overview

Salford Quays, one of the up-and-coming hotspots in the North West of England, is a unique and fascinating geographical area you should learn about. Its vibrant mix of culture, history, and modernisation makes it a magnet for locals and tourists alike.

Known as the home to some of the UK's most prominent media and cultural institutions, Salford Quays offers a unique blend of past and present, all set against the backdrop of functional, yet aesthetically pleasing modern architecture.

Location: Salford Quays, England

You'll find Salford Quays resting comfortably in the city of Salford, Greater Manchester, England. The quays are part of an area which was once Manchester Docks. A defining feature of Salford Quays is its waterfront setting.

Imagine standing at a point on Trafford Road, with a clear view of the Manchester Ship Canal. At one side lies MediaCityUK, bustling with the vibrancy of modern media. On another side, The Lowry exhibits art across various styles and times. All around you, there’s water providing a serene balance to the hum of a busy city life.

"Quay", which you’ll see regularly when discussing areas like Salford Quays, refers to a platform lying alongside or projecting into water for loading and unloading ships.

The Context of Salford Quays in Greater Manchester

Understanding Salford Quays isn’t complete without considering its embeddedness in the broader entity of Greater Manchester. Time has seen the area evolve dramatically. The transformation from a once buzzing seaport to the cultural and media centre of today is compelling.

• Dating back to the Industrial Revolution, Manchester Docks was active as a major inland port.
• In the 1970s, its inherent function declined and the docks closed in 1982.
• The area was later revitalised as Salford Quays, a centre for culture and media.

Moreover, the geographical entity to which Salford Quays belongs, Greater Manchester, holds immense significance to the area. As one of the leading metropolitan areas of the United Kingdom, surrounding locations, such as Manchester city centre to the east, directly influence the dynamics of the Quays.

"Greater Manchester" is a metropolitan county and combined authority area in North West England, with a population of 2.8 million. It encompasses one of the largest metropolitan areas in the United Kingdom and comprises ten metropolitan boroughs: Bolton, Bury, Oldham, Rochdale, Stockport, Tameside, Trafford, Wigan, and the cities of Manchester and Salford.

Lastly, to say Salford Quays plays a crucial role in the region’s economy isn't an exaggeration. The area is a hub for several businesses; notably, it's the headquarters for internationally recognised media organisations such as the BBC and ITV.

All of these elements combined establish Salford Quays not just as a geographical location, but as a significant player in Greater Manchester’s landscape.

The Transformation of Salford Quays

Like a butterfly emerging from a chrysalis, Salford Quays has undergone a remarkable metamorphosis. This change didn't happen overnight. It's the result of decades of concerted urban regeneration efforts following the decline and eventual closure of the Manchester Docks.

Its remarkable journey of transformation is an exemplary tale of teeming growth, decay, and ultimate regeneration.

Historical Perspective on Salford Quays Regeneration

To truly appreciate the rejuvenation of Salford Quays, it's key to delve into its past. It's an area steeped richly in history, bearing witness to the rise and fall of the Industrial Revolution as experienced in the docks, alongside a wonderful repackaging into the prominent media hub of today.

During the late 19th century and early 20th century, the Manchester Docks, initially built to outstrip Liverpool's docking advantage, were key components in the heart of England's industrial prowess. They made Manchester and Salford a significant passageway for goods from around the globe.

Picture a time when the docks were bustling with workers toiling hard, and ships filled with goods from across the world docking and offloading cargo. This once vibrant hub, however, began to lose steam in the mid-20th century due to the shift from canals to railways and roads for transportation of goods. The decline eventually led to the closure of the docks in 1982.

After the closure, most of the area remained derelict with abandoned warehouses and old dock facilities which presented a less than appealing outlook. But this was set to change. The Salford City Council saw an opportunity for regeneration. Thus began the transformation journey of the docks into the vibrant area that you now know as Salford Quays.

"Regeneration" refers to the process of renewal and redevelopment in areas of moderate to high-density urban activity. Urban regeneration can involve the reconfiguration of city centres and urban neighbourhoods, the reuse of old and derelict buildings, and the remodelling of public spaces.

With the concerted effort of the city council, extensive renovations kicked off in the 1980s and continued through the 90s. This brought about the modernisation of the area with a specific focus on arts, culture, and media.

Major Highlights of Salford Quays Development

The rebirth of Salford Quays as a go-to region for media, arts and sophistication involves several soil-turning events. These highlight the constant strive for improvement, progress and innovation within the area.

The regeneration propelled Salford Quays into the spotlight for several national and international media organisations. The most prominent development is MediaCityUK.

"MediaCityUK" is a 200-acre mixed-use property development site at Salford Quays, housing the operations of major media giants like the BBC, ITV, Associated Press and more.

This vision was realised in multiple steps. Companies and organisations were attracted to strategically move to the Quays due to the state-of-the-art facilities, geographical nearness to Manchester city, and the revitalised atmosphere — the perfect blend for fostering creativity, growth, and progressive partnership opportunities.

Undoubtedly, these milestones have contributed to an economic, cultural, and social revival of an area otherwise left behind, making Salford Quays an exemplar of successful urban regeneration.

Evaluating the Regeneration of Salford Quays

The regeneration of Salford Quays is a fascinating case study of urban renewal. Now a thriving cultural, financial, and architectural landmark, it's necessary to delve deeper and evaluate the merits and challenges brought by transformation to have a complete understanding of the area's standing.

Benefits and Successes of Salford Quays Regeneration

Witnessing the Salford Quays evolution from disuse to prominence is like watching a beautiful story unfold. The successes of regeneration can be seen from various points including economic, societal, and cultural perspectives.

When you consider the boost to the economy, the central attraction point of the project, MediaCityUK, directly fosters the growth of entrepreneurial businesses, promotes job creation, and draws investment into the region. Moreover, it has put Greater Manchester on the map as a desirable media hub outside of London.

The neighbourhood does not only rely on its media sectors for its allure. The proliferation of businesses across diverse sectors including retail, hospitality, and leisure facilities only goes to fortify its attractiveness.

• It boasts food outlets, shopping centres, and bars.
• The prestigious Lowry Theatre and Gallery is also located here.
• Sporting events are frequent at the Quays, notably at the Helly Hansen Watersports Centre.

"Helly Hansen Watersports Centre" is a thriving watersports venue in the heart of Salford Quays, offering a wide range of recreational and leisure activities including canoeing, sailing, wakeboarding and open water swimming.

Envision a vibrant waterside environment teeming with people. The air is buzzing with activity as local business owners engage with customers, visitors admire the fantastic sculptures and architecture, youngsters fill the skatepark with energy, and theatre-goers anticipate the evening's performance at The Lowry. Simultaneously, a nearby wakeboarding event is in full swing, showing the spectrum of interests that Salford Quays caters to.

Addressing the Problems and Challenges in Salford Quays Regeneration

Despite many successes, the story of Salford Quays regeneration isn't without its challenges. A balanced evaluation of the regeneration necessitates a look at the problematic aspects that arose as the area transformed.

Arguably, the most significant issue faced is the risk of gentrification. The extensive redevelopment has led to a surge in property prices, which raises concern about the affordability of housing for the existing local community.

"Gentrification" refers to the phenomenon of improving a house or district so that it conforms to middle-class taste, which often leads to the displacement of lower-income families and small businesses.

Additionally, while the Quays has prospered as a commercial and cultural hub, it has faced criticisms for not integrating enough with the surrounding deprived neighbourhoods. Critics argue there isn't enough done to engage and provide socio-economic benefits to these communities.

With the view of MediaCityUK from the adjacent neighbourhood, Ordsall, the stark contrast is almost palpable — high tech, digital media environment on one side, and on the other, a neighbourhood struggling with socio-economic issues. This visual representation encapsulates the disconnect critics refer to when discussing the challenges of the regeneration process in Salford Quays.

Overcoming these identified challenges definitely requires careful, considerate planning and implementation, with a more inclusive approach to regeneration. Only by addressing these issues can Salford Quays truly fulfil its potential as a holistic model for urban regeneration, one that delivers increased prosperity not just within its borders but extends these benefits to the wider community.

Salford Quays - Key takeaways

• Salford Quays, located in the city of Salford, Greater Manchester, England, is a prime example of successful urban regeneration in England.
• Historically, the area served as Manchester Docks during the Industrial Revolution but declined and closed down in the 1980s. The area was later revitalised into a cultural and media centre.
• Salford Quays is home to several media and cultural institutions, with MediaCityUK being a key development, housing major media giants like the BBC and ITV.
• Although successful in the regeneration, Salford Quays faced challenges such as gentrification, resulting in higher property prices, and criticism for not integrating enough with the deprived neighbourhoods around it.
• The concept of "urban regeneration" refers to the renewal and redevelopment in areas of moderate to high-density urban activity, including the reuse of old and derelict buildings, and the remodelling of public spaces.

Flashcards in Salford Quays 29

• Reduction in unemployment
• Multiplier effect
• New schools
• increased pollution
• ITV Granada
• NEP connect/ SIS LIVE
• University of Salford
• Others include about 40 service companies
• Shops and restaurants
• The land was left derelict and contaminated. 
• Communities fell into social problems.
• High rates of unemployment.
• Local housing areas fell into disrepair.

In Salford, Greater Manchester

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AQA A Level Geography - HUMAN > ✅Case Study - Salford Quays > Flashcards

✅Case Study - Salford Quays Flashcards

AQA A Level Geography - HUMAN (53 decks)

• ✅3.2.1.1 - Globalisation
• ✅Case Study - Trade Blocs
• ✅3.2.1.2 - Global systems
• ✅Case Study - The IMF
• ✅Case Study - The World Bank
• ✅Case Study - The WTO
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• ✅3.2.1.3 - International Trade and Access to Markets
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• ✅Case Study - Shell in Nigeria
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• ✅3.2.1.4 - Global Governance
• ✅3.2.1.5 - The 'Global Commons'
• ✅Case Study - Antarctica as a Global Common
• ✅3.2.2.1 - The Nature and Importance of Places
• ✅Case Study - Stratford upon Avon
• ✅3.2.2.2 - Changing Places – Relationships, Connections, Meaning and Representation
• ✅CASE STUDY - The New Era Estate
• ✅CASE STUDY - Scunthorpe
• ✅Place Study - Chipping Campden
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• ✅3.2.3.4 - Urban Climate
• ✅3.2.3.5 - Urban Drainage
• ✅CASE STUDY - Olympic Park, London
• ✅CASE STUDY - Cheonggyecheon
• ✅3.2.3.6 - Urban Waste and its Disposal
• ✅CASE STUDY - Semakau Landfill
• ✅3.2.3.7 - Other Contemporary Urban Environmental Issues
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Salford Quays Case Study - Coggle Diagram

• North West England
• • Close to Manchester
• • Heart of Northern
• • Head of The Manchester
• • Home to 200,000 people
• City grew in industrial revolution
• • Produced cotton for international
• • Lots of factories opened
• • In 1894 Manchester Ship Canal
• opened allowing for trade into the
• • In the 1890s a large dock area
• (Salford Quays) was built to
• accommodate the trade
• • Thousands of people employed in the
• • New communities surrounded them
• In the 1960s and 1970s modern
• ships couldn’t access the canal
• • Over 3000 people lost their jobs
• • The docks were closed in 1982
• • The land left after closure was
• derelict and contaminated
• • Surrounding communities fell into
• social problems
• • High rates of unemployment took
• over the area
• • Local housing areas fell into
• In the mid 1980s the government
• provided money from the ‘Urban
• Programme’ for regeneration
• • New offices and housing were
• • Few jobs were created
• • In 1985 the Salford Development
• Plan was launched
• • SDP allowed for large growth
• through new projects
• • Since 2010 new investment has
• led to new jobs, industry, housing
• and green spaces
• Media City UK
• attracted 10,000 jobs
• to the area
• • Investment has added
• £1billion to the local
• economy since 2013
• • New jobs for local
• opportunities for
• young people
• New residential developments
• • Jobs for local people
• • Slum clearance with modern, sustainable
• • Salford Council see a ‘modern global
• city’ by 2025.
• New homes – not affordable homes
• • New schools, colleges and University buildings
• • New location focused museums (Imperial War
• Museum North)
• • Lowry building (Cost £64million)
• • Hew hospitals
• • New businesses and shops
• • New waterways and clean green spaces

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Geography - regenerating places case studies

• Case studies
• Created by: Lauren Glazer
• Created on: 25-05-19 14:35

Deindustrialisation of the steel industry

• nationally steel employs 30,000 people, often in areas with high unemployment rates - supports many other manufacturers in the wider supply chain (aerospace, defence and construction)
• in 2015 Thai-owned SSI at Redcar, Teeside, closed with 2000 redundancies
• India's TNC Tata shut Scunthorpe's steel plant with 4500 redundancies
• branches of TNCs cut to reduce costs - cheaper Chinese imports, high energy costs, green taxes and the strong pound were all factors
• approximately 4 other jobs will be lost for each steel worker redundancy as whole communities are affected ( NEGATIVE MULTIPLIER EFFECT )
• demonstrates how original ' winners ' may become ' losers ' from external processes

the overheated south

• lower relative importance of manufacturing for the economy of the South East means it has been less affected by deindustrialisation and recessions
• during economic boom from 1997-2007 - region generated 37% of the UK's growth output
• since 2008 - region has increased to 48% of growth output while every other region (apart from Scotland) has experienced relative decline
• 1/4 of the population generated half of the UK's economic growth

Studentification

• term universally understood in places offering higher education provision
• students often cluster in certain areas of larger towns and cities - absence during most holidays and their sometimes antisocial behaviour when resident may cause conflicts
• some areas students outnumber local residents e.g. Queen's University, Belfast - 50% of immediate housing around the campus is student occupied
• Headlingly, Leeds - 2/3 of the 10,000 residens are students concentrated in 73 streets of terraced houses
• Nottingham, Southampton and Winchester have similar hotspots
• government wants to regenerate these areas by capping the number of houses in multiple occupation

San Francisco

• reputation for economic energy, cultural vibrancy and tolerance
• 1990s - became the focus of California's new 'gold rush', home to global dot-com businesses e.g. Dropbox and Twitter
• job growth in STEM biotech, life sciences and digital media companies
• multiplier effect is fuelled by its technological and transportation infrastructure, high quality of life and highly skilled workforce
• 'google effect' of gentrification  (wealthy people move into a low income, working-class area, leading to higher house prices) of districts alongside google buses transporting workers to its mountain view campus - created discontent from some established, less-affluent displaced locals

Rust belts and urban divides

• some towns and cities have adapted since deindusrialisation and city authorities have managed to attract growth services and knowledge based jobs e.g. Pittsburgh (USA) and Manchester (UK)
• Chicago - struggled and are now characterised by increasing poverty, declining population and are even near bankruptcy ( Detroit )
• UK, Bristol - 39% of its population having a degree, is more attractive to knowledge based investors than Doncaster - only 23% being graduates
• Teesside - declining steel industry, may well develop into a mini version of the American Rust Belt
• struggling rural area
• famous for its tourist function, with hotspots e.g. Newquay  
• country is not deprived but there are neighbourhoods with consistently high levels of deprivation that they recieve European development funding
• 2014 - average wages £14,300 annually compared with £23,300 in the UK - top 10 deprived places in Western Europe
• 40% of households live on less than £10,000 a year
• relative wealth of the region is depressed further because of high cost living - residents have less spending power than most of the UK and Europe
• loss of its mining industry and contraction in agriculture and fishing sectors are all important cuases of the spiral of decline in Cornwall

Itchen Valley - wealth corridor

• retirement and commuter community
• accessible rural place
• 1900 residents in 4 adjacent villages
• conserved scientific and ecological value
• located a few miles from Winchester , the M3 and fast mainline rail services to London means that it has become a commuter hotspot 
• influx of younger families - more schools and 4 pubs in the valley
• house and land prices increased
• few remaining farmworkers have children unable to afford local housing
• Zoopla's ZED Index (average house prices) in 2015 for England as a whole was £298,313
• Itchen Valley's postcode's value - £588,882 - close to London prices (£636,172)

Llansilin, Powys - deprivation

• 2011 census - Powys had 46.8% of rural communities within the most 'access to service' deprived 10% in the country - measured by services e.g. banks and average travel time to get to a food shop, GP surgery and pharmacy, primary and secondary school, post office, public library, leisure centre and toa petrol station
• cars - essential element of life
• village of Llansilin - population 700
• less broadband and mobile phone coverage 
• Zoopla's Index for average house prices here was £230,076 in 2015
• Welsh Index of Multiple Deprivation - area scored in the 50% least deprived in Wales (community safety, housing, health, employment and environment GOOD)

Contrasting electoral districts

• Westmorland and Lonsdale, Cumbria - sparsely populated, picturesque rural area including parts of the Lake District and Yorkshire Dales National Parks - includes market towns of Kendal, Kirkby Lonsdale and Windermere - 2015 national elections produced a reduced makority to the liberal democrat party
• densely populated inncer-city 'Manchester central' has recently been expanding with more affluent communities moving in - regeneration and gentrification have improved inner-city living. Areas e.g. Moss Side and Hulme remain some of the poorest comprising of old terrace housing and many sink council estates. 2015 - turnout of registered voters was the lowest in the country resulting in an increased majority to the labour party

Mayoral cities

• 4 cities have directly elected mayors in England
• success of local powers of the Greater London Authority from its 1999 inception, with charismatic leaders e.g. Boris Johnson , can be measured by improved strategic planning (e.g. 2012 Olympic Games )
• 2012 - referendum in 9 large English cities incited to follow this local budgeting system only resulted in a 'yes' vote in 3 cities ( Bristol, Doncaster, Liverpool )
• if a new system is wanted by locals depends on how effective local councils have been historically, but the very low voting turnout was also a key factor

Airport development

• 2015 - after 12 years of debate, Airports Commission gave a clear and unanimous recommendation for an explansion plan at Heathrow including a 3rd runway - cost an estimated £18.6 billion - privately funded but some of the support infrastruture will be publically funded

Recommendation has polarised views:

• anti-expansion: London's mayor; many MPs; local and national protest groups; some high profile celebrities
• pro-expansion: business leaders. Heathrow airport argues that the hub operates near full capacity and, since the South East is the main earner of GVA (gross value added) in the UK, expansion is essential to keep up with demand - could generate £100 billion of benefits nationally, protect the current 114,000 local jobs and create over 70,000 new ones

High Speed Two

• HS2, London to Birmingham, Manchester and Leeds
• key to the large scale Northern Powerhouse regeneration scheme
• two phases - end dates 2026 and 2033, show the long period of time needed for such large infrastructure projects
• great contoroversy about the costs, exact route of the line and its effect on those living nearby

Cambridge science park

• science aprks represent areas as being attractive for inward investment
• private or public areas provide attractive environments, purpose-built buildings and infrastruture and advice and networking groups
• first built - Stanford University (USA) - 1950s
• UK there were more than 100, science parks employing around 42,000 people in 2015
• Cambridge Science Park - closely linked tp the Universtiy - built in the 1970s on a redundant defence site - grew rapidly in the 1990s when life sciences began to flourish globally
• expansion in the early 2000s has attracted many foreign TNCs
• life science is now the 3rd largest UK growth sector economically
• existing campus of the institute of Cancer research and the Royal Marsden hospital, already in the top five global cancer research and tratmenet facilities

2012 Olympic Games

• Clays Lane Estate was a housing co-operative development built in 1977, creating a new community for vulnerable single people in Newham, London
• site was designed for the Olympic athletes' village and the 430 residents were forced to move
• huge public oppositon and even a public inquiry
• several small businesses were also evicted from the Olympic site e.g. Forman's salmon smokery

Declining coastal communities

• recieve special attention from the government because they often have higher than average deprivation levels
• various reasons for their economic decline: many are seaside resorts witha tourism legacy, but which largely fell into a spiral of deprivation by 1970s when more holidays abroad and jet travel became commonplace
• large numbers of retirees, unemployment, students, immigrants and poor quality health and housing are all contributary factors
• some resorts (e.g. Bournemouth, Dorset ) have managed to reinvent themselves by diversifying into a business and conference hub while holding on to its family and holiday image
• developed into a stag/hen and clubbing hotspot
• adjacent resource Boscombe was innovative in creating an artificial surf reef to try to re-image the town, funded by the sale of a car park to Barratt Homes which built exclusive flats called Honeycombe Chine
• 1990s - central government schemes e.g. Single Regeneration Budget, used in Boscombe's town centre were important in tackling deprivation but the problems have remained and even increased
• current policies overseen by governments Big Lottery Fund with a focus on fostering economic growth. 2015 - spent £119 million and attracted £200 million in inward invesment created 12,000 jobs
• projects e.g. Europe's first National Coastal Academy in Bournemouth

Powys regeneration programme

• an example of a co-ordinated and integrated approach to econmic and community regeneration in a rural area
• funded by the Welsh government and EU using the LEADER programme (Links between actions for the development of the rural economy)
• key source for funding for deprived rural areas, using local knowledge of the value of a place to promote grass roots, community-led rural development
• 2011 - 2013 grants of over £4 million helped 310 business and community projects across Powys creating 36 full time jobs and safeguarding 80 more
• next ohase runs from 2014-2020
• Powys County Council helps to deliver this support through projects called Sustainable Tourism, Farm Diversification and Resilient Powys
• grants are given for new glamping sites, welding workshops, wildlife tourism and projects showing a 'sense of place'

Liverpool Waters

• the Atlantic Gateway project is nearly 65km long
• £75 billion growth corridor from the Port of Liverpool to Manchester
• Liverpool waters - covers 2km of the water front with plans for 9000 flats, shops, office space, a new cruise terminal and cultural buildings designed to attract Chinese businesses relecting the twinning of the city with Shanghai
• flagship 55 storey Shanghai Tower will be the tallest skyscraper outside London
• mayor views the scheme 'unprecedented in its ambition, scope and potential to regenerate a city'

Kielder water and forest park

• in Northumberland
• one of England's most remote villages altered by the creation of Europe's largest coniferous plantation in the 1930s and a reservoir in 1975
• attracts 345,000 visitors annually
• differs from a national park because it has no major national funding, and generates revenue from car parking and the facilities on site
• conservation is also integral to its plans since Kielder has rare red squirrels
• the Observatory for Dark Skies is attracting 'astrotourism'
• special human made place demonstrates how large numbers of players can work together successfully

Brontë Country - rebranding

• moorland of the Pennine Hills in west Yorkshire and east Lancashire was the inspiration for the classic literature of the Brontë sisters - Wurthering Heights and Jane Eyre
• marketed to attract visitors and revenue
• village of Haworth, the Brontës' birthplace has become a hotspot for tourists
• cobbled high street with small stone houses was once used by swearshop type textile weavers and has been preserved from the early 19th century

South Glasgow - economic gap

• by the 1950s the original tenements built for Victorian industrial workers has a reputation for poverty, overcrowding and poor public amenities with gang culture and violence
• redevelopment programme replaced tenements with high rise concrete tower blocks - poorly constructed and the design forested crime - poor management led to alternative strategies
• Crown Street regeneration project - 1990s - attractive varied designs, spacious flats and areas with employment spaces closed the gap and exceeded Glasgow's average economic growth
• unemplyoment fell by 31% between 2004 - 2012
• percentage of income deprived people including those on welfare benefits fell by 35%
• Glasgow only had an average drop in unemployment of 16% and a 21% drop in income deprived citizens

poverty in Newham, London

• continuing cycle of poverty
• once people better themselves, they move out but are then replaced by another set of poor people
• 2014 - 36% of residents in Newham had no recognised qualifications, double the city average; 50% earned less than the london living wage and 20% were illegal workers on less than the minimum wage
• parts of the borough near the 2012 Olympic site (e.g. Westfield) saw the biggest price rise in the country in 2015
• Newham Borough Council promotes its place abroad as an 'Arc of Opportunity'
• 2013 - attracted £1 billion, 35 acre business park investment by the Chinese company Advanced Business Park to another of its derelict sites - the Royal Docks

the Glasgow effect

• boys in the deprived area of Calton had an average life expectancy of 54 years compared with 84 years in affluent Lenzie, 12 km away
• pattern emerged in the 1990s
• efforts to combat this have centred on the pyschology of health promotion rather than prohibition
• the Scottish government launched 4 main initiatives; Equally Well, Achieving Our Potential, a Child Poverty Strategy abd the Early Years Framework - designed to tackle poverty, income inequality, health inequalities and to ensure that all children are given the best possible start in life

Broadwater Farm Estate

• Tottenham, London
• infamous for its deadly riot in 1985
• several attempts at regeneration
• high-density housing development accommodating 4000 people with one of the most ethnically diverse communities in Europe
• remians one of the poorest areas in London
• the Broadwater Farm Residents' Association is held up as a model of successful community-led regeneration, campaigning for better facilities and standards
• lastest regeneration scheme involves some of the advisors and planners involved in the Olympic Park
• re-imagining the built environment  is seen as essential

large and small scale schemes

• Salford Quays is a successful, innovative cultural flagship project
• 19th century - Salford Docks together with the Manchester Ship Canal were integral to Manchester and the north west's success
• deindustrialisation led to polluted waterways and derelict wasteland transformed from the 1980s into a centre for commerce, retail, the arts and sports
• choice to relocate there by the BBC and the development of the UKs first 'media city' costing £550 million has led to global prestige again
• Salford Quays has become a desirable residential location with a growing location
• city authority was the key stakeholder
• research group Rethinking Cities suggests success depends on place details, e.g. the availability of community activites, perception of safety and safe play areas
• role of greenery, sympathetic landscaping and even colour can be important
• level of funding for such projects has been far less, so charities and community volunteers have led their development

Silver Hill, Winchester

• 2008 mixed land-use proposal supported by Winchester City Council was contested by pressure groups - including Winchester Deserves Better which attracted 1000 people in a Facebook petition
• regeneration is supported but not at this scheme since it lacked affordable housing and had futuristic intensive architecture for the centre of the historic city
• High Court found the council to have acted unlawfully and the scheme delayed even further, creating planning blight
• conflict matrix can be made based on a redevlopment scheme 

North Antrim coast

• the Giants Causeway area was designated a World Heritage site in 1986 because of its unique geology and striking landscape
• huge number of stakeholders involved in any development decisions
• plans to develop a £100 million golf resort close to the conserved area were disputed in court for more than a decade before being approved in 2013
• opponents - the National trust and UNESCO thought the landscape change so close to the protected coastline was inappropriate despite the potential job creation from its proposed facilities
• approved - the proposal was eventually shelved as it was unable to raise the necessary finances

Mixed success projects

• the Millenium Commission helped create 225 projects with £1.3 billion of Lottery money included the Eden project, O2 arena, Tate modern 
• high risk imaginative and futuristic ideas were used
• only 3 of the projects were really unsuccessful and actually closed
• the Earth Centre in Doncaster was a rural ex-colliery redeveloped at a cost of £55 million as an environmental tourist centre
• it failed to attract enough target audience and shut in 2004
• now been turned into a children's outdoor adventure car park and its car park may be redeveloped into a large housing scheme

rural regeneration schemes

• Llanmadoc, Wales is a fairly remote rural village dominated by second homes
• 2007 - 150 local residents paid £50000 for local shares to open a community shop, post office and cafe in an old barn run by 30 volunteer staff
• scheme proved so successful benefiting tourists as well, that is moved to a larger purpose built shop in the village
• grants were given by the Welsh Government and Swansea city council

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Redevelopment of Salford Quays.

Katie Taylor 10H                                                                                         January 25 th , 03

Redevelopment of Salford Quays

In the 19 th  century the city of Manchester was at the heart of the industrial revolution; it was a thriving port and the centre of Lancashire’s textile industry. Yet, by 1950 business had declined to an all-time low. The canal journey had become too slow and therefore uneconomical for factories and companies. The port could no longer respond to the pressures placed on it by the changes in technology. The docks lay neglected and derelict. Vandalism and crime rates were high, as was unemployment (the city had depended on the docks for jobs). However, with the help of government funding, grants and publicity the city began to address its social, economic and physical problems resulting from past industrial decline.   In 1985 Salford began its huge re-development scheme, construction continued up until 1993 and now is a perfect example of successful inner-city redevelopment.

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All the decisions that were made were complex and had to consider what land uses were to be located where and how much land to devote to each competing demand or problem. The construction work alone provided around four hundred jobs, and the area now provides employment for over 6,000 people, leading to the fastest drop in unemployment ever within the Greater Manchester area. Community Schemes have been aimed at improving the quality of schools has kept the youth unemployment rates low. The new Heritage Centre also provides an educational service to schools, colleges and the public. Primary school pupils through to university students use Salford Quays for learning purposes.

Salford Quays has addressed other problems too such as vandalism, crime rates, poverty and the lack of investment and funding in Greater Manchester. Organizations such as the New Deal for Communities programme and other funding (over £100 million in lottery funding has been invested) based in Salford Quays have worked at putting money back into the Greater Manchester community. The Salford Partnership also launched a community plan; all of which demonstrates a commitment to working to achieve change.

Plans such as these have improved living conditions and lead to a drop in poverty rates. To keep investment into the area high, over 300,000 feet of office space was built attracting companies into the area. Well known companies such as Kellogg’s, Rank Hovis, Ford Trucks and Konica all have offices in Salford Quays. Facilities at such buildings as the MGM Cannon cinema and Copthorne Hotel, because of their location, car parking and accessibility attract people from the local area as well as other parts of Greater Manchester. In addition, a high of local pride has been generated that, together with higher income (due to greater employment) and places to go, has lead to a reduction in vandalism and crime.

 Easy access to Salford Quays via a Metro link, as well as entrances to the region’s motorways, railways and the city centre of Manchester has resulted in a rise of tourism. Places such as the Lowry Museum, the Imperial War Museum North, as well as the overall design of the area attract large numbers of visitors every year. This has increased the amount of money that has been invested into the area. The redevelopment has made Salford Quays an attractive place to visit, work and live; it has also been a model for other cities to follow. The social and economic benefits have been felt throughout Greater Manchester and the North West.

Document Details

• Word Count 577
• Page Count 1
• Level AS and A Level
• Subject Geography

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• Salford Quays

Delve into the geographical marvel of Salford Quays, a striking illustration of urban regeneration in England. This piece offers an in-depth examination of its location, transformation, and effects of redevelopment. Understand the context of Salford Quays within Greater Manchester and explore its distinctive transformation from a historic port to a modern hub. Uncover the benefits and challenges associated with the regeneration of Salford Quays through this comprehensive analysis.

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When the Docks closed in 1982, there were a lot of issues. What kind of issues?

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When and why were the Manchester Docks built?

Between 1985 and 1990, which buildings were created and where? 

The original plan was reviewed. Which opportunities were highlighted? 

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Salford Quays: A Geographical Overview

Salford Quays, one of the up-and-coming hotspots in the North West of England, is a unique and fascinating geographical area you should learn about. Its vibrant mix of culture, history, and modernisation makes it a magnet for locals and tourists alike.

Known as the home to some of the UK's most prominent media and cultural institutions, Salford Quays offers a unique blend of past and present, all set against the backdrop of functional, yet aesthetically pleasing modern architecture.

Location: Salford Quays, England

You'll find Salford Quays resting comfortably in the city of Salford, Greater Manchester, England. The quays are part of an area which was once Manchester Docks. A defining feature of Salford Quays is its waterfront setting.

Imagine standing at a point on Trafford Road, with a clear view of the Manchester Ship Canal. At one side lies MediaCityUK, bustling with the vibrancy of modern media. On another side, The Lowry exhibits art across various styles and times. All around you, there’s water providing a serene balance to the hum of a busy city life.

"Quay", which you’ll see regularly when discussing areas like Salford Quays, refers to a platform lying alongside or projecting into water for loading and unloading ships.

The Context of Salford Quays in Greater Manchester

Understanding Salford Quays isn’t complete without considering its embeddedness in the broader entity of Greater Manchester. Time has seen the area evolve dramatically. The transformation from a once buzzing seaport to the cultural and media centre of today is compelling.

• Dating back to the Industrial Revolution, Manchester Docks was active as a major inland port.
• In the 1970s, its inherent function declined and the docks closed in 1982.
• The area was later revitalised as Salford Quays, a centre for culture and media.

Moreover, the geographical entity to which Salford Quays belongs, Greater Manchester, holds immense significance to the area. As one of the leading metropolitan areas of the United Kingdom, surrounding locations, such as Manchester city centre to the east, directly influence the dynamics of the Quays.

"Greater Manchester" is a metropolitan county and combined authority area in North West England, with a population of 2.8 million. It encompasses one of the largest metropolitan areas in the United Kingdom and comprises ten metropolitan boroughs: Bolton, Bury, Oldham, Rochdale, Stockport, Tameside, Trafford, Wigan, and the cities of Manchester and Salford.

Lastly, to say Salford Quays plays a crucial role in the region’s economy isn't an exaggeration. The area is a hub for several businesses; notably, it's the headquarters for internationally recognised media organisations such as the BBC and ITV.

All of these elements combined establish Salford Quays not just as a geographical location, but as a significant player in Greater Manchester’s landscape.

The Transformation of Salford Quays

Like a butterfly emerging from a chrysalis, Salford Quays has undergone a remarkable metamorphosis. This change didn't happen overnight. It's the result of decades of concerted urban regeneration efforts following the decline and eventual closure of the Manchester Docks.

Its remarkable journey of transformation is an exemplary tale of teeming growth, decay, and ultimate regeneration.

Historical Perspective on Salford Quays Regeneration

To truly appreciate the rejuvenation of Salford Quays, it's key to delve into its past. It's an area steeped richly in history, bearing witness to the rise and fall of the Industrial Revolution as experienced in the docks, alongside a wonderful repackaging into the prominent media hub of today.

During the late 19th century and early 20th century, the Manchester Docks, initially built to outstrip Liverpool's docking advantage, were key components in the heart of England's industrial prowess. They made Manchester and Salford a significant passageway for goods from around the globe.

Picture a time when the docks were bustling with workers toiling hard, and ships filled with goods from across the world docking and offloading cargo. This once vibrant hub, however, began to lose steam in the mid-20th century due to the shift from canals to railways and roads for transportation of goods. The decline eventually led to the closure of the docks in 1982.

After the closure, most of the area remained derelict with abandoned warehouses and old dock facilities which presented a less than appealing outlook. But this was set to change. The Salford City Council saw an opportunity for regeneration. Thus began the transformation journey of the docks into the vibrant area that you now know as Salford Quays.

"Regeneration" refers to the process of renewal and redevelopment in areas of moderate to high-density urban activity. Urban regeneration can involve the reconfiguration of city centres and urban neighbourhoods, the reuse of old and derelict buildings, and the remodelling of public spaces.

With the concerted effort of the city council, extensive renovations kicked off in the 1980s and continued through the 90s. This brought about the modernisation of the area with a specific focus on arts, culture, and media.

Major Highlights of Salford Quays Development

The rebirth of Salford Quays as a go-to region for media, arts and sophistication involves several soil-turning events. These highlight the constant strive for improvement, progress and innovation within the area.

The regeneration propelled Salford Quays into the spotlight for several national and international media organisations. The most prominent development is MediaCityUK.

"MediaCityUK" is a 200-acre mixed-use property development site at Salford Quays, housing the operations of major media giants like the BBC, ITV, Associated Press and more.

This vision was realised in multiple steps. Companies and organisations were attracted to strategically move to the Quays due to the state-of-the-art facilities, geographical nearness to Manchester city, and the revitalised atmosphere — the perfect blend for fostering creativity, growth, and progressive partnership opportunities.

Undoubtedly, these milestones have contributed to an economic, cultural, and social revival of an area otherwise left behind, making Salford Quays an exemplar of successful urban regeneration.

Evaluating the Regeneration of Salford Quays

The regeneration of Salford Quays is a fascinating case study of urban renewal. Now a thriving cultural, financial, and architectural landmark, it's necessary to delve deeper and evaluate the merits and challenges brought by transformation to have a complete understanding of the area's standing.

Benefits and Successes of Salford Quays Regeneration

Witnessing the Salford Quays evolution from disuse to prominence is like watching a beautiful story unfold. The successes of regeneration can be seen from various points including economic, societal, and cultural perspectives.

When you consider the boost to the economy, the central attraction point of the project, MediaCityUK, directly fosters the growth of entrepreneurial businesses, promotes job creation, and draws investment into the region. Moreover, it has put Greater Manchester on the map as a desirable media hub outside of London.

The neighbourhood does not only rely on its media sectors for its allure. The proliferation of businesses across diverse sectors including retail, hospitality, and leisure facilities only goes to fortify its attractiveness.

• It boasts food outlets, shopping centres, and bars.
• The prestigious Lowry Theatre and Gallery is also located here.
• Sporting events are frequent at the Quays, notably at the Helly Hansen Watersports Centre.

"Helly Hansen Watersports Centre" is a thriving watersports venue in the heart of Salford Quays, offering a wide range of recreational and leisure activities including canoeing, sailing, wakeboarding and open water swimming.

Envision a vibrant waterside environment teeming with people. The air is buzzing with activity as local business owners engage with customers, visitors admire the fantastic sculptures and architecture, youngsters fill the skatepark with energy, and theatre-goers anticipate the evening's performance at The Lowry. Simultaneously, a nearby wakeboarding event is in full swing, showing the spectrum of interests that Salford Quays caters to.

Addressing the Problems and Challenges in Salford Quays Regeneration

Despite many successes, the story of Salford Quays regeneration isn't without its challenges. A balanced evaluation of the regeneration necessitates a look at the problematic aspects that arose as the area transformed.

Arguably, the most significant issue faced is the risk of gentrification. The extensive redevelopment has led to a surge in property prices, which raises concern about the affordability of housing for the existing local community.

"Gentrification" refers to the phenomenon of improving a house or district so that it conforms to middle-class taste, which often leads to the displacement of lower-income families and small businesses.

Additionally, while the Quays has prospered as a commercial and cultural hub, it has faced criticisms for not integrating enough with the surrounding deprived neighbourhoods. Critics argue there isn't enough done to engage and provide socio-economic benefits to these communities.

With the view of MediaCityUK from the adjacent neighbourhood, Ordsall, the stark contrast is almost palpable — high tech, digital media environment on one side, and on the other, a neighbourhood struggling with socio-economic issues. This visual representation encapsulates the disconnect critics refer to when discussing the challenges of the regeneration process in Salford Quays.

Overcoming these identified challenges definitely requires careful, considerate planning and implementation, with a more inclusive approach to regeneration. Only by addressing these issues can Salford Quays truly fulfil its potential as a holistic model for urban regeneration, one that delivers increased prosperity not just within its borders but extends these benefits to the wider community.

Salford Quays - Key takeaways

• Salford Quays, located in the city of Salford, Greater Manchester, England, is a prime example of successful urban regeneration in England.
• Historically, the area served as Manchester Docks during the Industrial Revolution but declined and closed down in the 1980s. The area was later revitalised into a cultural and media centre.
• Salford Quays is home to several media and cultural institutions, with MediaCityUK being a key development, housing major media giants like the BBC and ITV.
• Although successful in the regeneration, Salford Quays faced challenges such as gentrification, resulting in higher property prices, and criticism for not integrating enough with the deprived neighbourhoods around it.
• The concept of "urban regeneration" refers to the renewal and redevelopment in areas of moderate to high-density urban activity, including the reuse of old and derelict buildings, and the remodelling of public spaces.

Flashcards in Salford Quays 29

• Reduction in unemployment
• Multiplier effect
• New schools
• increased pollution
• ITV Granada
• NEP connect/ SIS LIVE
• University of Salford
• Others include about 40 service companies
• Shops and restaurants
• The land was left derelict and contaminated. 
• Communities fell into social problems.
• High rates of unemployment.
• Local housing areas fell into disrepair.

In Salford, Greater Manchester

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11th -  12th  , rivers for common entrance, 8th -  9th  , urbanisation overview, 8th -  11th  , water cycle, population pyramids, the demographic transition model, urbanisation, 4th -  6th  .

Salford Quays Case Study

9th - 11th grade.

12 questions

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Where is Salford Quays located?

To the east of the city of Manchester

North of Manchester

To the west of the city of Manchester

Salford Quays is an....................................urban environment

During the Industrial Revolution Salford Quays became a centre for...

Manufacturing

Engineering

Warehousing (storing goods)

What is the name of the canal that opened in 1894 and links the city center with the River Mersey and the Irish Sea?

Tick all the reasons why Salford Quays declined in the 1960's and 1970's

Large container ships were too big to sail on the Canal

Deindustrialisation

People moving to the countryside

What ONE economic impact did the decline have?

Contaminated and polluted land

Loss of 3000 jobs

High levels of crime

In 1985 the Salford Quays Development Plan was launched to..........................................Salford Quays

The impacts of the regeneration of Salford Quays has been (tick all the correct answers)

New education and health care facilities

Green spaces and cleaner water

New businesses and shops

What is the name of the very successful art gallery that opened in 2000 and cost £64 million?

Salford Museum

Lowry Building

Manchester Ship Gallery

What is the name of the £550 million development that was completed in 2007 for the BBC?

What environmental impacts has investment in Salford Quays created?

Green parks

Increase in fish populations

Cleaner water

5000 new jobs

Which of these identify the ECONOMIC impacts of the growth of Salford Quays?

26,000 new jobs

Swans returning to the Canal

Opening if bars and restaurants

Opening of hotels and shopping centers

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Detailed Delve: Paper 1 AQA GCSE Geography examiner report

28th August 2024

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In this blog I am going to summarise the key points across different questions types on Paper 1.

Don't forget that this year AQA have included exemplar answers with commentary highlighting good and weak answers which is really useful for your own or departmental CPD.

What was done well?

• Skills questions were answered successfully

Areas for improvement

• MCQs testing knowledge – some students couldn’t select the correct definition or factor

Point marked questions

• Skills-based questions were answered well, particularly maths calculations, photo/graphic interpretation
• Identification of different types of plate margins and different effects of hazards in Section A
• Cloze questions were accurate
• Use of map evidence in Section C
• Some explanation given when not required (i.e. on a describe question)
• Arctic sea ice question was confusing in terms of map orientation, and some didn’t actually use the map in their answer
• Some students gave two reasons when specifically asked for just one (which then needed elaborating) – this was seen on question 2.1 which was about biodiversity
• Some students were unable to apply OS map information
• Many students failed to complete the graph in Section B
• Failure to apply map scale to measure the size of the spit in Section C – coasts
• Many students didn’t understand the terms relief and drainage in Section C – rivers (this was also an issue on Paper 3)
• Some students struggled to describe valley shape from an OS map in Section C – glaciers

4-mark questions

• The questions in Section C addressing AO1 and AO2 were better answered than the one in Section A addressing AO2 and AO3
• Question about managing climate change – some really good discussion of the global nature of the problem and then need for countries to cooperate, some reference to LICs being worse affected, and some discussion of countries opting out of agreements or them being watered down
• Coastal management question – some good reference to specific schemes, how they work and the positive and negative impacts
• River management question – some good reference to why a specific management scheme was needed in the first place, along with how it was implemented
• Tourism in glaciated upland areas question – good answers referred to the specific attractions (both physical and human)
• Question about managing climate change – some very basic pros and cons of internation agreements given, some ignored the international element of the question so answers could be quite generic
• Coastal management question – some couldn’t recall a specific scheme so just wrote about the pros and cons in general (or they were vague in their locations)
• River management question – lots of students just talked about the pros and cons of flood defences in general without talking about a specific place
• Some confusion between coastal and river management schemes applied to the wrong question
• Tourism in glaciated upland areas question – some answers were vague, e.g. beautiful landscape, and some students got confused about landscapes formed by glaciation and glaciers themselves

6-mark questions

Question about why people choose to live in tectonically active areas – tested AO1/2…

Weaker answers – vague answers that could apply to any hazard, and misconception that housing is cheap in hazard areas. Some students wrote in lists.

Better answers – explored economic opportunities linked to tectonic, e.g. farming and geothermal energy, with some reference to examples.

Question about causes of deforestation in a named area – tested AO2/3…

Weaker answers – often drifted off into impacts of deforestation, misconceptions about palm oil plantations (i.e. deforestation to plant palm oil plantations, not to chop it down). Many gave a range of reasons but didn’t link it to a case study as the question required.

Better answers – used specific examples of projects in the Amazon, e.g. Belo Monte dam, Carajas mine, etc; focused on a few activities which they explained in detail rather than several; some talked about road building as a catalyst for other activities.

Question about coastal landform development – tested AO2/3…

Weaker answers – just gave a simple sequence of development using what they could see in the photo; many lacked explanation of processes, missed steps in the sequence or showed misconceptions of rock type; a few students got confused between landforms and some drew basic diagrams with no labels.

Better answers – talked about a range of landforms and the specific processes involved in their formation; some used well annotated step-by-step diagrams; some talked about resistant/less resistant rocks and concordant/discordant coastlines.

Question about river landform development – tested AO2/3…

Weaker answers – just gave a simple sequence of development using what they could see in the photo; some students tended to focus on one landform and briefly mention others, lots of answers were quite disorganised; some showed confusion with water speeds on bends with meanders.

Better answers – talked about both erosion and deposition; had clear sequences which were well explained using specific processes; referred to other features that were not in the photograph stimulus; some talked about different landforms at different points of the river’s course.

Question about glacial transportation and deposition – tested AO2/3…

Weaker answers – just gave simple ideas about processes; many could recognise landforms but couldn’t say how they were formed; some got confused between glacial and river processes; some referred to landforms that weren’t relevant to the question. This answer was answered more poorly than the coasts and rivers options.

Better answers – talked about specific processes of transportation and deposition, and landforms not in the image; clearly sequenced with developed points; some reference to the different ways that material can be deposited.

9-mark questions (always test AO1/2/3)

Section a (+ 3 spag).

Question about immediate and long-term responses to a named weather event…

Weaker answers – often confused case studies and wrote about tectonic events; didn’t always know how to categorise responses; some focused on effects; some listed responses that were generic; Level 1 answers tended to be very basic without mentioning a specific example (couldn’t get beyond Level 2 without an example).

Better answers – included named events as well as using the stimulus material from the paper; linked to different levels of wealth; had detailed discussion of immediate and long-term responses in context of a named storm; had good conclusions; the best answers weaved the examples and source material throughout, along with evaluative language, concluding as they went.

Question about animal and plant adaptations for either hot deserts or cold environments…

Weaker answers – just used the images and described the adaptations they could see; some focused on just animals and didn’t consider plants; some misconceptions, e.g. camels humps storing water. However, most students got to Level 2 on this question.

Better answers – linked features to environmental conditions with good elaboration, and specific detail about the environmental conditions; referred to adaptations that were not in the images; lots of discussion.

Vicki Woolven

Vicki Woolven is Subject Lead for Geography and Key Stage 4 Sociology and History at tutor2u. She is also an experienced senior examiner and content writer. Vicki previously worked as a Head of Geography and Sociology for many years, leading her department to be one of the GA's first Centres of Excellent, and was a local authority Key Practitioner for Humanities.

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