the holy river ganga essay

NCERT Books

River Ganga Essay | Essay on River Ganga for Students and Children in English

River Ganga Essay : River Ganga is one of the most famous rivers in the world. People from foreign countries never miss the chance of visiting the Ganga as it is a holy river for the people of India. Known for its polluted state right now, there are many initiatives being taken to clean it, though none of them has been completely successful.

Everyone wants to know about River Ganga as there is a lot to know about it. Thus, we have provided some useful information about the river Ganga below.  You can read more  Essay Writing  about articles, events, people, sports, technology many more.

Long and Short Essays on River Ganga for Students and Kids in English

A long essay of 450-500 words has been provided it is useful for students in classes 7, 8, 9, and 10. For the reference of students in Classes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, a short essay of 100-150 words has been provided.

Long Essay on River Ganga 500 Words in English

Known to be a sacred river, the river Ganga has a religious background in Hindu Mythology. According to ancient texts, King Bhagirath had ancestors who had committed huge sins. To cleanse his kingdom of the burden of their bad deeds, he meditated to bring Goddess Ganga to life. It was said that by bathing it in people could wash away their sins and attain salvation.  However, the massive force of the river Ganga would have destroyed the earth, so Lord Shiva matted her onto his hair and she flowed from it in streams. Since goddess Ganga is known for liberating people from the cycle of life and death, people immerse the ashes of their loved ones in this holy river.

The river Ganga is formed by the union of two main tributaries known as Bhagirathi and Alaknanda at the place called Devprayag. The point where the river Bhagirathi and Alaknanda meet at Devprayag we call it the river Ganga. Bhagirathi originates from the Himalayan glacier Gangotri while Alaknanda rises from Nanda Devi, the northern peak of the Himalayas.  Though Alaknanda and Bhagirathi are its two main tributaries, the Ganga also has three others that rise from the Himalayas, namely Mandakini, Dhauliganga, and Pindar. It is said that Ganga originally rose from Gaumukh, which is to the southeast of Gangotri.

Further, while flowing through the Indo-Gangetic Plains of India, it has several tributaries like the river Yamuna, Gomti, Kose, Sone, and Ghagra which is the largest one. The river Ganga meets the river Yamuna and the river Saraswati (the dead river) at the point called Triveni Sangam in Allahabad.  After passing Devprayag, the river Ganga continues its journey towards Uttarakhand, Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and lastly West Bengal. The river Ganga enters Bangladesh where it is joined by the river Mahananda, where it is called the Padma. The large delta of the river Ganga is in Bengal which is shared with river Brahmaputra (which lies mostly in Bangladesh).

It is essential to know that since the river Ganga flows through densely populated and fertile areas of the Northern Subcontinent of India, it provides livelihood to billions of people.  Further, there are many birds who rely on it for their habitat. The river Ganga is home to more than 140 species of fishes and 90 species of amphibians. That is the reason why it is heartbreaking to see this sacred river marred with the burden of human and industrial waste.

The river Ganga is the second most polluted river in the world. In order to cleanse it, the Ganga Action Plan was formulated in 1986 which failed epically. However, the Namami Gange program is an ongoing cleaning initiative that has been successful in cleaning the water.  The river Ganga has been threatened by pollution for decades now and it is crucial that we work diligently to prevent it from being damaged all the more.  If we succeed in saving the river, we would succeed in saving many lives and eradicating other means of pollution too.

Short Essay on River Ganga 150 words in English

The holy river of India, river Ganga is an important aspect of Hindu Mythology. In Hinduism, the river Ganga is considered as a Goddess who gives life and relieves you of all your sins.  It rises from the Himalayan glacier Gangotri and has many tributaries including the river Yamuna. It starts its journey from the Himalayas and empties into the Bay of Bengal.

Since the river Ganga flows in the majority of the land of India, it provides livelihood to billions of people. It supports the agriculture, fishing, and tourism industry extensively.  Hindu festivals like the Kumbh Festival is celebrated on the banks of this sacred river. People celebrate the Kumbh Festival every year where the Ganga Aarti (Holy Worship) is also performed.  Due to the polluted state of the Ganga, the ongoing cleaning program, Namami Gange Programme was initiated and it has succeeded in cleaning it.

10 Lines on River Ganga Essay in English

• The river Ganga flows through India and Bangladesh.
• It originates from the Himalayas and empties into the Bay of Bengal.
• It starts its journey from the Himalayan glacier called Gangotri.
• It is the holy river for Hindus.
• The largest tributary of Ganga is the river Ghagra.
• River Yamuna runs parallel to river Ganga and joins it in Allahabad alongside river Saraswati.
• The basin of river Ganga supports billions of people of India and Bangladesh
• It flows through the majority of the part of the Indo-Gangetic Plain and a few Indian cities like Kanpur, Varanasi, Patna, and Kolkata, etc.
• It is the third-longest river in India and also the most polluted.
• The Namami Gange program has been successful in cleaning the river Ganga.

FAQ’s on River Ganga Essay

Question 1. Where does the river Ganga join the Yamuna?

Answer. The river Ganga joins the river Yamuna and the river Saraswati in Allahabad. The point where they meet is called Triveni Sangam.

Question 2. Was the Namami Gange Program successful in cleaning river Ganga?

Answer. Yes. According to Home Minister, Mr. Amit Shah, this program is gradually cleaning the river Ganga to protect the livelihood of the people of India as well as Bangladesh.

Question 3. Which is the largest tributary of the river Ganga?

Answer. The largest tributary of the Ganga is the river Ghagra.

Leave a Comment Cancel reply

You must be logged in to post a comment.

The Ganges: Hinduism's Holy River

Why the Ganges Is Considered Sacred

Images from India / Getty Images 

• India Past and Present
• Important Texts
• Temples and Organizations
• Indian Arts and Culture
• Hindu Gurus and Saints
• M.A., English Literature, University of North Bengal

The River Ganges, running for more than 1500 miles across some of the most densely populated areas in Asia, is perhaps the most religiously significant body of water in the world. The river is considered to be sacred and spiritually pure, though it is also one of the most polluted rivers on earth.

Originating from the Gangotri Glacier, high in the Himalayas of northern India, the river flows southeast through India, into Bangladesh, before spilling into the Bay of Bengal. It is the primary source of water—used for drinking, bathing, and irrigating crops—for more than 400 million people.

A Sacred Icon

For Hindus, the River Ganges is sacred and revered, embodied by the goddess Ganga. Though iconography of the goddess varies, she is most often depicted as a beautiful woman with a white crown, riding the Makra (a creature with the head of a crocodile and the tail of a dolphin). She features either two or four arms, holding a variety of objects ranging from water lilies to a water pot to a rosary. As a nod to the goddess, the Ganges is often referred to as Ma Ganga , or Mother Ganga. 

Because of the purifying nature of the river, Hindus believe that any rituals performed at the banks of the Ganges or in its water will bring fortune and wash away impurity. The waters of the Ganges are called Gangaajal , meaning literally "water of the Ganges".

The Puranas— ancient Hindu scriptures—say that the sight, the name, and the touch of the Ganges cleanses one of all sins and that taking a dip in the sacred river bestows heavenly blessings.

Mythological Origins of the River

There are many renditions of the River Ganges’ mythical origins, owing in part to the oral tradition of India and Bangladesh. It is said that the river gave life to the people, and, in turn, people gave life to the river. The name of Ganga appears only twice in the Rig Veda , an early sacred Hindu text, and it was only later that Ganga assumed great importance as the goddess Ganga.

One myth, according to the Vishnu Purana , an ancient Hindu text, illustrates how the Lord Vishnu pierced a hole in the universe with his toe, allowing goddess Ganga to flow over his feet into heaven and down to earth as the waters of the Ganges. Because she came into contact with Vishnu’s feet, Ganga is also known as Vishnupadi , meaning a descent from Vishnu’s lotus feet.

Another myth details how Ganga was intent on wreaking havoc on the earth with her descent as a raging river seeking revenge. In order to prevent the chaos, Lord Shiva caught Ganga in the tangles of his hair, releasing her in the streams that became the source for the River Ganges. Another version of this same story tells how it was Ganga herself who was persuaded to nurture the land and the people below the Himalayas, and she asked Lord Shiva to protect the land from the force of her fall by catching her in his hair.

Though the myths and legends of the River Ganges are numerous, the same reverence and spiritual connection is shared among the populations that live along the banks of the river. 

Festivals along the Ganges

The banks of the River Ganges host hundreds of Hindu festivals and celebrations each year.

For example, on the 10th of the month of Jyestha (falling between the end of May and the beginning of June on the Gregorian calendar), the Ganga Dussehra celebrates the descent of the sacred river to earth from heaven. On this day, a dip in the holy river while invoking the Goddess is said to purify sins and wipe away physical ailments.

The Kumbh Mela, another sacred ritual, is a Hindu festival during which pilgrims to the Ganges bathe themselves in the sacred waters. The festival occurs in the same place only every 12 years, though a Kumbh Mela celebration can be found annually somewhere along the river. It is considered to be the world’s largest peaceful gathering and is featured on UNESCO’s list of Intangible Cultural Heritage .

Dying by the Ganges

The land over which the Ganges flows is regarded as hallowed ground, and it is believed that the holy waters of the river will purify the soul and lead to a better reincarnation or liberation of the soul from the cycle of life and death. Because of these strong beliefs, it is common for Hindus to spread cremated ashes of dead loved ones, allowing the sacred water to direct the soul of the departed.

Ghats, or flights of stairs leading to a river, along the banks of the Ganges are known for being holy Hindu funeral destinations. Most notably are the Ghats of Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh and the Ghats of Haridwar in Uttarakhand. 

Spiritually Pure but Ecologically Dangerous

Though the sacred waters are linked to spiritual purity, the Ganges is one of the most polluted rivers in the world. Nearly 80 percent of the sewage dumped into the river is untreated, and the amount of human fecal matter is more than 300 times the limit set by India’s Central Pollution Control Board. This is in addition to the toxic waste caused by dumping of insecticides, pesticides, and metals, and industrial pollutants.

These dangerous levels of pollution do little to deter religious practice from the sacred river. Hindus believe drinking water from the Ganges brings fortune, while immersing oneself or one’s belongings brings purity. Those that practice these rituals may become spiritually clean, but the pollution of the water afflicts thousand with diarrhea, cholera, dysentery, and even typhoid each year.

In 2014, the government of India pledged to spend nearly $3 billion on a three-year clean-up project, though as of 2019, the project had not yet begun. 

• Darian, Steven G.  The Ganges in Myth and History . Motilal Banarsidass, 2001.
• “Environmental Activist Gives up His Life for a Clean Ganga River.”  UN Environment , United Nations Environment Programme, 8 Nov. 2018.
• Mallet, Victor.  River of Life, River of Death: the Ganges and Indias Future . Oxford University Press, 2017.
• Mallet, Victor. “The Ganges: Holy, Deadly River.”  Financial Times , Financial Times, 13 Feb. 2015, www.ft.com/content/dadfae24-b23e-11e4-b380-00144feab7de.
• Scarr, Simon, et al. “The Race to Save the River Ganges.”  Reuters , Thomson Reuters, 18 Jan. 2019.
• Sen, Sudipta.  Ganges: the Many Pasts of an Indian River . Yale University Press, 2019.
• “The Ganges.”  Word Wildlife Fund , World Wildlife Fund, 8 Sept. 2016.
• The Most Popular Stories of Shiva, the Destroyer
• The Birth of the Popular Hindu God Krishna
• Nataraj Symbolism of the Dancing Shiva
• An Introduction to Lord Shiva
• 108 Names of Lord Shiva
• How Do You Define Hinduism?
• The Legend of the Hindu God Ayyappa
• Who Is Lord Krishna?
• Kuber the Lord of Riches
• 10 of the Most Important Hindu Gods and Goddesses
• Saraswati: The Vedic Goddess of Knowledge and Arts
• The Goddess Durga: The Mother of the Hindu Universe
• Agni: the Hindu Fire God
• Navadurga and the 9 Forms of the Hindu Goddess Durga
• The Real Meaning of the Shiva's Linga Symbol
• Ganesha, the Hindu God of Success

• Growth & Development
• Play & Activities
• Life Skills
• Play & Learning
• Learning & Education
• Rhymes & Songs
• Preschool Locator

Essay On River Ganga – 10 Lines, Short and Long Essay For Kids

Key Points To Remember When Writing Essay On River Ganga For Lower Primary Classes

10 lines on ganga river for kids, a paragraph on river ganga for children, short essay on river ganga for kids, long essay on importance of river ganga for children, what will your child learn from the essay on ganga river.

River Ganga is one of the holiest rivers in India as its water is believed to purify people of their sins. The Ganga originates from the Gangotri glacier in the Himalayas and travels down to the plains, where it merges with the Bay of Bengal. The river is one of the primary rivers in the country every child is taught about, and compositions on the topic are often assigned in schools for children to learn its importance and also the nuances of writing. In this article, we’ve provided sample essays on the topic for classes 1, 2, and 3 with useful information, including its origin, history, and mythology, that can help your child draft their own essay.

Writing an essay on the Ganga river is like taking a deep dive into India’s culture. Here are some key points to note when writing an essay on the river Ganga:

• Start with an introduction paragraph and mention where the Ganga river originates.
• Ganga river’s spiritual, cultural, and religious significance must be covered in the essay.
• Ganga river is a major source of livelihood in our country. Elaborate on the point, and include its uses in agriculture, drinking, fishing etc.
• Finally, end with a conclusion paragraph and wrap up by talking about its pollution level and what initiatives are being done by the people to help clean it up.

The Ganga river is considered a goddess and giver of life. It is easy to write a few lines on the river Ganga when one knows its significance. Here are 10 lines in an essay for classes 1 & 2 on the topic.

• River Ganga is sacred, and its waters come from Uttarakhand, Gangotri.
• When the two tributaries of Bhagarati and Alaknanda join at Devprayag, that is where mainstream Ganga begins.
• Ganga joins the Brahmaputra river in Bangladesh.
• Many believe that the water of Ganga is pure and to be revered.
• According to mythology, the deceased cremated near Ganga ghat get salvation instantly.
• Ganga’s plains are one of the most fertile in the world.
• Human activities around the river have resulted in the pollution of the river.
• The Indian Government has launched Namami Gange, an initiative to clean up River Ganga and conserve it.
• Ganga Aarti is a famous event during religious festivals.
• The Ganga is considered the national river of India.

The Ganga has a special place in the hearts of Indians, and for the right reasons. Its waters are used for religious reasons, and some bathe in them for healing. Here is a short paragraph on the river:

The Ganga river is the most famous in India, and people worldwide visit the country to get a glimpse of it. The Ganga is hailed as a holy river and has cultural significance also. It is a major source of livelihood in our country, as it is used in agriculture, drinking, fishing, etc.   It was once considered a source of pure water and is believed to open the door to nirvana. But, locals have been dumping waste and polluting it. To control the pollution levels of the river, the Indian Government has launched Namami Gange, an initiative to clean up the Ganges and conserve it. Locals can also do their bit by controlling their activities around the river and stop dumping waste in the water so that the river can remain clean and we can reap maximum benefits from it. 

You can write an essay in 150 to 200 words on the Ganga river, elaborating its importance in the country. Here is a short sample essay for classes 1, 2, and 3:

The Ganga represents the essence of Indian culture. The river is worshipped in India. Several legends are associated with the river. It is also known by the names Jahnvi and Bhagirathi. It is said that Shiva holds River Ganga in his matted hair, and the earliest mentions of her can be found in the Rigveda. The Ganga river also appears in many epics such as the Puranas, Mahabharata, and Ramayana. People call the river Ganga Maa as she is believed to have healing and spiritual powers. Many immerse the ashes of their deceased loved ones in this river for salvation. Having said that, the water from the river is used for irrigation, fishing, etc., which are the major sources of livelihood for the people dwelling around the river. However, the river has been under the scanner for some time as its level of pollution is rising. Ganga is considered the second most polluted river in India and is in dire need of a clean-up. The Indian Government has launched Namami Gange, an initiative to clean up the river and conserve it. But we can also contribute towards the holy Ganges by not dumping excessive waste in the water and responsibly cleaning up after ourselves when in the vicinity.

The Ganga river provides livelihood to the people of India and has great spiritual importance, too. Children can understand this better when they read and research the topic before writing their essays. Here’s a long essay for class 3 that your child can refer to when creating their composition:

River Ganga is one of the holiest rivers in India, and it is believed to bring souls closer to moksha and liberate souls from the cycle of birth and death. The Ganga Jayanti and Ganga Dussehra are two popular festivals celebrated in India. Unfortunately, the Ganga is one of the most polluted rivers in the country, despite being the longest river in the country.

Ganga is also known for its healing powers. It is said that those who have sinned can find salvation here. The Ganga runs through different regions such as Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, New Delhi, and West Bengal. River Ganga is home to various species of aquatic wildlife. Ganga river is a significant source of livelihood in our country, as it is used in agriculture, drinking, fishing, etc. Thus it is more so important to save the river and ensure it stays clean.

Origin and Significance of Ganga River

The Bhagirathi and Alaknanda streams, which converge in the Indian town of Devprayag in the Garhwal area, are thought to have been the source of the Ganges. Mythology holds that the Gangotri glacier, which is located in Gomukh, is where the river Ganga originated. In terms of significance, the Ganga symbolises hope, peace, culture, faith, and life for millions of people in India for decades. Its water is used for irrigation in agriculture, and the river also aids the fishing business. The land near Ganga is the most fertile and is useful for the agricultural produce India is well known for.

What Are The Important Tributaries of River Ganga?

The important tributaries of River Ganga are:

• Burhi Gandak

Why The Rising Pollution Of River Ganga Has Become A Critical Issue

Rising pollution of the river Ganga is becoming a critical issue because it impacts the river and our overall environment. Some of the reasons for the rising levels of pollution are – the disposal of human sewage, industrial waste and animal waste in its water. Increasing population is another factor. People living near the ghats of River Ganga are affected by illness due to water-borne infections due to the increased pollution levels of the river.

Initiatives For Cleaning Ganga River

The Namami Gange Programme and National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG) are the latest initiatives conducted by India, designed to help clean up the river. The programmes talk about biodiversity conservation, afforestation, and water quality monitoring. By giving the states financial support, the government of India is assisting the state government’s efforts to combat pollution of the river. The Namami Gange Programme aims to clean the Ganges through thoughtful and well-coordinated actions.

Your child will learn a lot by reading these sample essays on Ganga, and understand the river’s connection to India’s culture and economy. Your child will also polish their art of essay writing along the way.

The Ganga River has existed since time immemorial and is a holy river that will stay close to our hearts. Hopefully, this article will give significant pointers to your child to draft their own composition. They can also research more and add more information as needed.

Also Read: Essay On Importance of Water for Kids Water Pollution Essay for Lower Primary Classes How to Write An Essay On Nature for Class 1, 2 and 3

• Essays for Class 1
• Essays for Class 2
• Essays for Class 3

Shaili Contractor

How your screen time directly impacts your child, 13 helpful tips to get your child to listen to you, how to build a healthy relationship with food for your child, leave a reply cancel reply.

Log in to leave a comment

Most Popular

Why playing alone is recommended for kids, recent comments.

FirstCry Intelli Education is an Early Learning brand, with products and services designed by educators with decades of experience, to equip children with skills that will help them succeed in the world of tomorrow.

The FirstCry Intellikit `Learn With Stories` kits for ages 2-6 brings home classic children`s stories, as well as fun activities, specially created by our Early Learning Educators.

For children 6 years and up, explore a world of STEAM learning, while engaging in project-based play to keep growing minds busy!

Build a love for reading through engaging book sets and get the latest in brain-boosting toys, recommended by the educators at FirstCry Intellitots.

Our Comprehensive 2-year Baby Brain Development Program brings to you doctor-approved toys for your baby`s developing brain.

Our Preschool Chain offers the best in education across India, for children ages 2 and up.

©2024 All rights reserved

• Privacy Policy
• Terms of Use

Welcome to the world of Intelli!

We have some FREE Activity E-books waiting for you. Fill in your details below so we can send you tailor- made activities for you and your little one.

Parent/Guardian's Name

Child's DOB

What would you like to receive other than your Free E-book? I would like information, discounts and offers on toys, books and products I want to find a FirstCry Intellitots Preschool near me I want access to resources for my child's development and/or education

Welcome to the world of intelli!

FREE guides and worksheets coming your way on whatsapp. Subscribe Below !!

THANK YOU!!!

Here are your free guides and worksheets.

• History & Society
• Science & Tech
• Biographies
• Animals & Nature
• Geography & Travel
• Arts & Culture
• Games & Quizzes
• On This Day
• One Good Fact
• New Articles
• Lifestyles & Social Issues
• Philosophy & Religion
• Politics, Law & Government
• World History
• Health & Medicine
• Browse Biographies
• Birds, Reptiles & Other Vertebrates
• Bugs, Mollusks & Other Invertebrates
• Environment
• Fossils & Geologic Time
• Entertainment & Pop Culture
• Sports & Recreation
• Visual Arts
• Demystified
• Image Galleries
• Infographics
• Top Questions
• Britannica Kids
• Saving Earth
• Space Next 50
• Student Center
• Introduction & Top Questions

Physiography

• Climate and hydrology
• Plant and animal life
• Hydroelectric power
• Environmental issues

Why is the Ganges River considered holy in Hinduism?

What are the main causes of pollution in the ganges river.

Ganges River

Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article.

• Ancient Origins - Worshipped by Millions: The Sacred River Ganges
• World History Encyclopedia - Ganges
• World Wildlife Fund - The Ganges
• Cultural India - River Ganga
• MapsofIndia.com - Ganges River
• IndiaNetzone - Ganga River
• Ganges River - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11)
• Ganges River - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up)
• Table Of Contents

Where does the Ganges River start?

The Ganges rises in the southern Great Himalayas, and its five headstreams—the Bhagirathi, the Alaknanda, the Mandakini, the Dhauliganga, and the Pindar—all rise in the mountainous region of northern Uttarakhand state. The two main headstreams are the Alaknanda and the Bhagirathi.

Where does the Ganges River end?

The Ganges River, which is 1,560 miles (2,510 km) long and drains one-fourth of the territory of India, ends in the Ganges, or Ganges-Brahmaputra, delta and empties into the Bay of Bengal.

The Ganges has been revered from the earliest times and today is regarded as the holiest of rivers by Hindus. Places of Hindu pilgrimage, called tirthas, that are situated on the Ganges have particular significance. Hindus cast the ashes of their dead into the river, believing that this gives the deceased direct passage to heaven, and cremation temples have been built in many places on the banks of the Ganges.

The Ganges basin is one of the most densely populated regions on earth. The untreated sewage dumped into the river, industrial waste, agricultural runoff, remnants of partially burned or unburned bodies from funeral pyres, and animal carcasses all contribute to polluting the Ganges. High levels of disease-causing bacteria and toxic substances have also been found in the Ganges.

What is considered to be the precise source of the Ganges River?

Gaumukh, which is about 13 miles (21 km) southeast of Gangotri, is considered to be the precise source of the Ganges River. Gangotri itself is a sacred place for Hindu pilgrimage.

Recent News

Ganges River , great river of the plains of the northern Indian subcontinent . Although officially as well as popularly called the Ganga in Hindi and in other Indian languages, internationally it is known by its conventional name, the Ganges. From time immemorial it has been the holy river of Hinduism . For most of its course it is a wide and sluggish stream, flowing through one of the most fertile and densely populated regions in the world. Despite its importance, its length of 1,560 miles (2,510 km) is relatively short compared with the other great rivers of Asia or of the world.

Rising in the Himalayas and emptying into the Bay of Bengal , it drains one-fourth of the territory of India , and its basin supports hundreds of millions of people. The greater part of the Indo-Gangetic Plain , across which it flows, is the heartland of the region known as Hindustan and has been the cradle of successive civilizations from the Mauryan empire of Ashoka in the 3rd century bce to the Mughal Empire , founded in the 16th century.

For most of its course the Ganges flows through Indian territory, although its large delta in the Bengal area, which it shares with the Brahmaputra River , lies mostly in Bangladesh . The general direction of the river’s flow is from northwest to southeast. At its delta the flow is generally southward.

Physical features

The Ganges rises in the southern Great Himalayas on the Indian side of the border with the Tibet Autonomous Region of China . Its five headstreams—the Bhagirathi , the Alaknanda, the Mandakini, the Dhauliganga, and the Pindar—all rise in the mountainous region of northern Uttarakhand state. Of those, the two main headstreams are the Alaknanda (the longer of the two), which rises about 30 miles (50 km) north of the Himalayan peak of Nanda Devi, and the Bhagirathi, which originates at about 10,000 feet (3,000 metres) above sea level in a subglacial meltwater cave at the base of the Himalayan glacier known as Gangotri . Gangotri itself is a sacred place for Hindu pilgrimage . The true source of the Ganges, however, is considered to be at Gaumukh, about 13 miles (21 km) southeast of Gangotri.

The Alaknanda and Bhagirathi rivers unite at Devaprayag to form the main stream known as the Ganga, which cuts southwestward through the Siwalik Range (Outer Himalayas) at the northern edge of the Indo-Gangetic Plain to emerge from the mountains at Rishikesh. It then flows onto the plain at Haridwar , another place held sacred by Hindus.

The volume of the Ganges increases markedly as it receives more tributaries and enters a region of heavier rainfall, and it shows a marked seasonal variation in flow. From April to June the melting Himalayan snows feed the river, and in the rainy season, from July to September, the rain-bearing monsoons cause floods. During winter the river’s flow declines. South of Haridwar, now within the state of Uttar Pradesh , the river receives its two principal right-bank tributaries: the Yamuna River , which flows through the Delhi capital region and then roughly parallels the southeastward flow of the Ganges before joining it near Prayagraj (Allahabad), and the Tons, which flows north from the Vindhya Range in Madhya Pradesh state and joins the Ganges just below Prayagraj. The main left-bank tributaries in Uttar Pradesh are the Ramganga, the Gomati , and the Ghaghara .

The Ganges next enters the state of Bihar , where its main tributaries from the Himalayan region of Nepal to the north are the Gandak , the Burhi (“Old”) Gandak, the Ghugri, and the Kosi rivers. Its most-important southern tributary is the Son River . The river then skirts the Rajmahal Hills to the south and flows southeast to Farakka in central West Bengal state, at the apex of the delta. West Bengal is the last Indian state that the Ganges enters, and, after it flows into Bangladesh, the Mahananda River joins it from the north. In West Bengal in India, as well as in Bangladesh, the Ganges is locally called the Padma . The westernmost distributaries of the delta are the Bhagirathi and the Hugli (Hooghly) rivers, on the east bank of which stands the huge metropolis of Kolkata (Calcutta). The Hugli itself is joined by two tributaries flowing in from the west, the Damodar and the Rupnarayan . As the Ganges passes from West Bengal into Bangladesh, a number of distributaries branch off to the south into the river’s vast delta. In Bangladesh the Ganges is joined by the mighty Brahmaputra (which is called the Jamuna in Bangladesh) near Goalundo Ghat . The combined stream, there called the Padma, joins with the Meghna River above Chandpur . The waters then flow through the delta region to the Bay of Bengal via innumerable channels, the largest of which is known as the Meghna estuary.

The Ganges-Brahmaputra system has the third greatest average discharge of the world’s rivers, at roughly 1,086,500 cubic feet (30,770 cubic metres) per second; approximately 390,000 cubic feet (11,000 cubic metres) per second is supplied by the Ganges alone. The rivers’ combined suspended sediment load of about 1.84 billion tons per year is the world’s highest.

Dhaka (Dacca), the capital of Bangladesh, stands on the Buriganga (“Old Ganges”), a tributary of the Dhaleswari. Apart from the Hugli and the Meghna, the other distributary streams that form the Ganges delta are, in West Bengal, the Jalangi River and, in Bangladesh, the Matabhanga, Bhairab, Kabadak, Garai-Madhumati, and Arial Khan rivers.

The Ganges, as well as its tributaries and distributaries, is constantly vulnerable to changes in its course in the delta region. Such changes have occurred in comparatively recent times, especially since 1750. In 1785 the Brahmaputra flowed past the city of Mymensingh ; it now flows more than 40 miles (65 km) west of it before joining the Ganges.

The delta, the seaward prolongation of sediment deposits from the Ganges and Brahmaputra river valleys, is about 220 miles (355 km) along the coast and covers an area of some 23,000 square miles (60,000 square km). It is composed of repeated alternations of clays, sands, and marls, with recurring layers of peat, lignite, and beds of what were once forests. The new deposits of the delta, known in Hindi and Urdu as the khadar , naturally occur in the vicinity of the present channels. The delta’s growth is dominated by tidal processes.

The southern surface of the Ganges delta has been formed by the rapid and comparatively recent deposition of enormous loads of sediment. To the east the seaward side of the delta is being changed at a rapid rate by the formation of new lands, known as char s, and new islands. The western coastline of the delta, however, has remained practically unchanged since the 18th century.

The rivers in the West Bengal area are sluggish; little water passes down them to the sea. In the Bangladeshi delta region, the rivers are broad and active, carrying plentiful water and connected by innumerable creeks. During the rains (June to October) the greater part of the region is flooded to a depth of 3 or more feet (at least 1 metre), leaving the villages and homesteads , which are built on artificially raised land, isolated above the floodwaters. Communication between settlements during that season can be accomplished only by boat.

To the seaward side of the delta as a whole, there is a vast stretch of tidal mangrove forests and swampland. The region, called the Sundarbans , is protected by India and Bangladesh for conservation purposes. Each country’s portion of the Sundarbans has been designated a UNESCO World Heritage site , India’s in 1987 and Bangladesh’s in 1997.

In certain parts of the delta there occur layers of peat, composed of the remains of forest vegetation and rice plants. In many natural depressions, known as bil s, peat, still in the process of formation, has been used as a fertilizer by local farmers, and it has been dried and used as a domestic and industrial fuel.

No products in the cart.

• Explore Temples of the World
• Hindu Temples – The Complete Guide
• Paadal Petra Shiva Sthalangal
• Shakti Peetha – The Holy Abodes of Shakti
• 108 Divya Desams – Lord Vishnu Temples
• Ashtavinayak Temples
• Jyotirlinga Temples
• Famous Temples
• Spiritual Forum
• Collection of all Hindu Mantras
• Hindu Names – 108 Names of Gods and Godesses
• Collection of Aartis – Hindu Gods and Goddesses
• Hindu Gods – Collection of Chalisas
• Vedic Suktas
• Shanti Mantra
• Lord Ganpati Stotra
• Lord Vishnu Mantras & Slokas – In Sanskrit, English with Meaning, Benefits
• Lord Shiva – Mantras, Slokas & Stotrams
• Vedic Vaani
• Hindu Calendar
• Hindu Goddesses
• Hindu Puja Vidhi
• Divine Darshan
• Best Collection of Videos on Hinduism
• Hindu Festivals
• Online Astrology
• Janam Kundli Software
• Daily Horoscope Prediction
• Tamil Panchangam | தமிழ் பஞ்சாங்கம்

The Holy River Ganga – Story of the Most Sacred River for Hindus

देवि सुरेश्वरि भगवति गङ्गे त्रिभुवनतारिणि तरलतरङ्गे । शङ्करमौलिविहारिणि विमले मम मतिरास्तां तव पदकमले॥

“ O Devi Bhagavati Ganga, the Goddess of the Devas, you liberate the Three Worlds with the merciful water form of yours |

O the Stainless pure one who resides in the Head of Shankara, May my devotion remain firmly established on you Lotus Feet.”

  Ganga, the divine river of the subcontinent of India, known to the westerners as the Ganges, originates from the mighty Himalayan mountains and flows throughout the North of Bharat. Cutting through the massive icy mountains with enormous force, Ganga reaches Central India and flows in serenity. She is the biggest flowing river of India and is the source of water to millions of Indians and also Bangladeshis. She is worshiped as Goddess Ganga by Hindus since very long.

Taking a dip in the Holy Ganga is believed to get one rid of the sins and help attain Moksha. Also the ashes of one’s beloved is immersed in Ganga to help attain the spirits, Moksha. Although most of the Indians consider Ganga a goddess and worship her, not many know the story of Ganga’s origin. The interesting story of the birth of the Ganga is mentioned in the books of Hindu Mythology.

Lord Vishnu has 10 incarnations referred to as “ Dashavathara” in the Hindu Mythology. One of the incarnations of Vishnu was Vamana, a dwarf, which he took to end the atrocities of the demon Bali who acquired enough power to defeat the gods and throw them out of heaven. Lord Vishnu as Vamana appeared before the demon Bali and tricked him into a deal . He said to the demon that he must give him the area he covers in three steps to which he agreed. In his first step, he covered the whole of Earth, in the second step he covered the heavens, where Brahma washed his feet with his water pot which led to the birth of Ganga. In the third step, Vamana pushed the Demon Bali back into the underworld. The water from Brahma’s pot gave birth to Ganga.

Years later Ganga came across Durvasa rishi. Durvasa rishi was known to be an incarnation of Shiva and was renowned for his short temper. When Ganga met Durvasa, his cloth was carried away by the wind. Ganga seeing this cracked up laughing at him, which angered him to a great extent. The furious Durvasa put a curse on Ganga immediately. He cursed Ganga to reincarnate as a river for the humans which helped them purify their body and soul.

Ganga’s Incarnation as a River

Long ago, there lived a king named Sagara who was the ancestor of Rama. King Sagara was a strong leader with immense power. He had two wives, Sumati and Keshini. The King had sixty thousand sons from his first wife Sumati and a son from his other wife Keshini. Once, King Sagara decided to perform Ashwamedha Yaga (sacrificing of horse) which would give him boundless power and supremacy. This scared Indra, the God of Gods.

Lord Indra stole the horse that was going to be sacrificed by King Sagara and hid it by tying it under a tree where the sage Kapila was meditating. Kapila was a descendent of Manu, great grandson of Brahma. King Sagara sent his sixty thousand sons to search the missing horse, who after searching the whole Earth found it in Sage Kapila’s Hermitage. The sons of Sagara thought Sage Kapila stole the horse and thus blamed him for it. Sage Kapila grew fierce by the insult made by Sagara’s sons and burned them into ashes using the fire from his third eye.

When Ansuman, the last son of King Sagara and Queen Keshini heard about the fate of his brothers, he went to Sage Kapila and begged & asked him how to liberate his brothers’ souls. The great sage advised him to meditate in the name of Brahma and please him so he shall release Ganga from his water pot. The Holy water of Ganga would purify their souls he said. Ansuman started meditating trying to please the Lord Brahma but did not succeed. Many of the future generations continued to try to please Brahma but it all went in vain. In King Sagara’s seventh generation, Bhagiratha was born. His concentration and determination were boundless. He worshiped Lord Brahma loyally for many years. Lord Brahma was pleased by the worship of Bhagiratha and agreed to help him. But Bhagiratha had to worship to Lord Shiva to hold the force of Ganga in his hairs, if not she would fill up the whole Earth.

Bhagiratha continued his worship for further more years, only this time he was worshiping Lord Shiva. After a few more years, Lord Shiva was pleased and agreed to hold Ganga in his hair. When Brahma released Ganga, she came down with tremendous force from the heavens. Lord Shiva blocked her with his hair locks not letting a single drop fall on Earth. Lord Shiva eventually captured Ganga fully in his hair till her force came down. After Ganga calmed, Lord Shiva released a small part of Ganga and commanded her to follow Bhagiratha.

When Ganga followed Bhagiratha, she flowed with enormous force creating an immense turbulence which led to a flood which destroyed the hut and the fields of Sage Jahnu. Sage Jahnu was greatly angered by this act of Ganga and drank up and swallowed Ganga completely as a revenge. The gods prayed along with Bhagiratha to the Sage Jahnu. The Sage calmed after a while and thus released Ganga and thus she continued following Bhagiratha. Due to this, Ganga is also known as Jahnavi .

As Ganga followed Bhagiratha, millions of people bathed in the Holy River to purify themselves. Finally Ganga reached the tree of Sage Kapila. The sixty thousand souls of the sons of King Sagara were thus liberated by Ganga and thus Ganga became the Holy River of Bharat.

To this day, the Hindus of India worship Ganga, take Holy dips to purify themselves off their sins. It is believed that the Holy river will dry up at the end of Kali Yuga (era).

Temple Purohit

TemplePurohit.com is a one-stop destination for all your spiritual needs - Get in-depth information on Spiritual topics, temples across India, have in-depth discussion on topics such as Astrology, Spiritual developments & meditation.

More Interesting Articles on Hinduism For You

64 Forms of Lord Shiva

Meaning of Shiva When we say “Shiva,” there are two fundamental aspects that we are[...]

Panchanana Aspects and Forms of Lord Shiva

Lord Shiva is one of the three major deities of Hinduism and the most important[...]

Shiva Tandava Stotram – Origin Story and Benefits

In Hindu scriptures, Lord Shiva is popularly also known as Natarajan which translates to the[...]

20 Most Important Quotes from Bhagavad Gita

Bhagavad Gita means “Song of the Spirit,” the divine communion of truth-realization between man and[...]

Harnessing the Spiritual Power: Chanting the Mahamrityunjaya Mantra 108 Times

Introduction The Mahamrityunjaya Mantra, an ancient and revered chant from Hindu scriptures, holds profound spiritual[...]

Leave a Reply

You must be logged in to post a comment.

• Explore Hinduism

Username or email address *

Remember me

Lost your password?

Email address *

In order to pass the CAPTCHA please enable JavaScript

Geography Notes

Essay on the ganga river | india.

ADVERTISEMENTS:

Here is an essay on the ‘Ganga River’ for class 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12. Find paragraphs, long and short essays on the ‘Ganga River’ especially written for school and college students in Hindi language.

Essay on the Ganga River

Essay # 1. introduction to the ganga river :.

Our rivers have been most precious to us since times imme­morial. The alluvial soil brought by them has made their banks and adjoining plains so fertile that our country would never run short of food and fodder, if we use proper methods of cultivation. That is the reason why we reverse our rivers.

Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru once observed that he was looking for a man who could write the history of our rivers. Long after his death, turned up a professor who began to narrate his story of our rivers. Out of 14 major rivers, 12 are defiled with municipal and industrial wastes; the holy river Ganga is at best a sewage east of Sues. Waves of concern rippled through the country.

None could challenge the scientific data collected with utmost silence and meticulously collated. He worked out the conceptual remedy to restore Ganga to her health. It is now known as the ‘Action Plan for the prevention of pollution of the Ganga’. It was initially Professor Nilay Chaudhri who thought of this.

The river Ganga, the life-line of millions of people has, over the years, been subjected to tremendous pressures Most of its water in the upper reaches is diverted into canals; untreated sewage and industrial effluents are dumped into the river at numerous places and the residues of pesticides and insecticides used in the forms are washed into it.

This situation, already one of alarming proportions has been further aggravated by deforestation resulting in silting, floods and reduced navigational possibilities.

Recognising the magnitude of this problem, and realising the importance of water quality as a cardinal element of manage­ment, the Government of India, in February, 1985 set up the Central Ganga Authority for the planning and execution of a time bound programme to prevent the pollution of the river Ganga which is now better known as ‘Ganga Action Plan’.

The basic principle for the plan is simple. The stoppage of discharge of sewage and sullage would reduce the pollution by almost 75 per cent. Class I cities (population over one lakh), 29 in number, cover 82.3 per cent of the total urban population living in urban settlements on the river banks. The volume of sewage produced by them constitutes 88.5 per cent of the total volume of sewage flowing into the river. The construction of interceptors to divert the flow of sewage and other liquid wastes from Ganga is probably the surest way to reduce the pollution load. The proposal does not stop at that.

The dirty black sewage is simultaneously obnoxious and a resource. It is a very rich source of energy (through the pro­duction of biogas) and manuriol matter whose utilisation can increase the crop yield substantially. The action Plan envisages construction of treatment plants. “Each treatment location should be viewed as a factory for resource recycling where sewage is the raw material, and energy in the form of biogas, manure, poultry feed, fish, and irrigant are marketable products. The items of resource recovery should not be an afterthought but an integral part of the scheme.”

Essay # 2. Ganga – The Holy River:

No river evokes such feelings in the human mind as the Ganga does. She is loved not only by the Hindus but also by non-Hindus including the non-religious people for one reason or another. And all this just because she is ‘Ganga’. Indeed, it is difficult to explain the charm she exudes, but the fact remains that the charm has remained intact through the centuries despite all the scientific progress that has taken place and the debunking religion has come in for.

A British scientist was once shocked when he learnt of an Indian colleague taking a dip in the Ganga on an auspicious evening; he wondered how superstition had prevailed over science. What is even more interesting is the case of a non-Hindu, Russian scientist who plunged into the Ganga when someone pointed out the holy river to him. One wonders what the British scientist would have to say had he seen the sight. But then love is beyond reason.

The very name ‘Ganga’ conjures up a picture of holiness’ of a peace and joy, of beauty and sweetness, of all that is uplifting to the mind of a Hindu. She is not just a river, she is a symbol of something higher than what the world has to offer. If Himalaya is a yogin steeped in meditation, Ganga, rising from his heart is the culmination of that meditation. She is a blessing for all, good or bad.

Flowing through the plains that gives India both physical and spiritual nourishment. She is, in short, her life and soul. She is the bridge between heaven and earth. She is civility in the form of water, according to Shri Ramakrishna, industries may pollute her water but she remain as holy as ever, retaining her sanctifying dowers.

According to Jawaharlal Nehru, the stay of Ganga is the story of India’s civilisation and culture. It is indeed so, for India and Ganga both seem to be marching towards common goal, the goal of truth. When she falls from the Himalayas, she is a tiny stream but when she meets the sea she becomes infinite. And it is by attaining this infinity that she attains liberation, for there are no more banks to limit her size. Truth is another name for infinity. So it is truth that both India and Ganga are seeking.

But how does one attain truth? By renouncing that which is finite, small and transient. As if to remind one of this, the waters of the Ganga have a yellow, gerua-like look, emphasising that truth is above everything else and that truth can be attained any through renunciation. Ganga is holy because she conveys this message.

Truth is also India’s eternal message. God and truth are synonymous to a Hindu, the Ganga is dear to him because she is his mother, one who not only protects and reins him but also teaches and guides, it is difficult to imagine Hinduism without Ganga. According to Swami Vivekananda, the Gita and Ganga constitute, between themselves, the essence of Hinduism one its theory, and the other its practice.

Essay # 3. Ganga – From Gomukh to Bay of Bengal:

The Ganga rises in the snowbound heights of the Himalayas, nearly 4000 metres above sea level, from a dark. Icy cavern shaped like the mouth of a cow (known as Gomukh).

It protrudes out of 100 m high and drops sills of – ice and sheets of water. On the other side of the snout, is the Gangotri glacier which is more than 30 km, in length, 2 km, in breadth and 1000 feet in depth. How gigantic an ice-stream it is, so long, so wide and so deep! It is said to be a remnant of the last ice age.

From Gomukh, the Bhagirathi flows on, now an imperious river, now a cool crystal cascade, now a fuming, roaring torrent pushing on moraines, kicking off boulders and crashing ice till it joins the Alaknanda of Dev Prayag. From there onwards, the river calms down a bit and is called the Ganga.

The Alaknanda is also a very holy river, it rises from a glacier lying on the eastern face of the Chauknambha mountain. The Alaknanda is joined by a small river the Dhauliganga at Vishnu Prayag, by the Burhi Ganga at Guptaprayag, by the Nandakini at Nandprayag by the Pineda at Karanprayag and by the Manciakind at Rudra prayag. All these prayagas are considered holy by the hindus ; so is Devprayag. There are six prayagas in the Himalayas. The seventh once is at Allahabad where the Ganga is joined by The Yamuna. After Allahabad, down the stream there are no prayagas though many rivers fall into the Ganga.

The Ganga and its tributaries have a peculiar tendency to flow for some distance parallel to the Himalayan ranges if deep ravines but then they take acute band and flow in deep gorges transversely. These gorges are sometimes hundreds or metres deep and appear awesome from above, and the river below looks like a thread.

One other feature of these rivers which may be interesting to you is that the Bhagirathi flows initially from east to west and then takes a turn from west to east, whereas Alaknanda flows initially from west to east and then turns, and flows east to west till it joins the Bhagirathi at Devprayag. Thus, these two rivers flowing in opposite direc­tions join to form a garland at Devprayag.

At Devaprayag, the Bhagirathi is joined by the Alakananda (which originates above Badrinath near the Indo-Tibet border and receives the waters of Mandakini at Rudraprayag) to form the great Ganga river.

From a swift moving stream the Ganga grows into a wide river just before it touches the plains at Rishikesh. Then begins its over 2000 km-long journey through the heart Of India, the Indo-Gangetic plain—before it falls into the Bay of Bengal.

The Ganga enters plains at Hardwar which is called ‘Haridwar’ by the Vaishnavites and ‘Hardwar’ by the Shaivites, for the word ‘Hari’ means Vishnu and ‘Har’ Shiva, and ‘Dwar’ means gate. From Hardwar, the Ganga starts slowing down its pace. Its speed is reduced substantially at Kanpur and Allahabad, and is further reduced at Patna and still further at Monghyr. After that, the Ganga flows very sluggishly till it falls into the Bay of Bengal.

On its way, the Ganga is joined by many rivers – by the Ram Ganga at Kannauj, and by the Yamuna and the mythical, invisible Saraswati at Allahabad.

After Allahabad, the Ganga receives several major tribu­taries at more frequent intervals– the Tons and Sone, the Gomti, the Ghagra, the Gandak, the Burhi Gandak and the Kosi.

Further east, beyond Farakka in Bangladesh, the Ganga branches into the Padma. Here, once again, Ganga takes the name Bhagirathi and winds down the last stretch-the delta of West Bengal, before it merges with the Bay of Bengal under the name Hooghly.

In its 2525 km long course, the Ganga dramatically varies her pace and form. No more than a few feet wide in the Himalayas, it is a tumbling, boisterous stream in the hills, and a deep, fast flowing river at Rishikesh where it enters the plains. In the plains of Uttar Pradesh, it is a bed of sand in summer. In Bihar, it is a vast expanse of water, 4 to 14 kilometers in width.

The tributaries of the Ganga account for 60% of the total water of the river. Though the Ganga and the Yamuna are often referred to as the twin sisters, in terms of flow, Ghagra is the more important tributary—20% of the Ganga waters are fed by Ghagra as against 16% by the Yamuna.

Essay # 4. Ganga – Its Importance:

No other river affects the lives of so many people in so many states of India as the Ganga. It is the largest river basin in our country covering over one-fourth of its total surface area. From the source to the sea via the Bhagirathi-Hooghly it is a run of over 2,500 km.

The Ganga is among the first 10 mighty rivers in the world in average annual run-off measured in terms of thousand million cubic meters. Its basin has a total population of nearly 45 million, of which about 50 per cent live in Uttar Pradesh, ten per cent in Bihar and 40 per cent in West Bengal.

It is obvious why the fate of such a river should be equated with the destiny of the millions who live on her banks or its numerous tributaries; why fluctuations in its flow are watched over with so much anxiety, its pollution creates, near-panic and share of its water among contending claimants generates so much of heat.

Strictly speaking, there are eight states in India which form parts of the Ganga basin, or more precisely, together act as the catchment area of the main river. But the recipients of major benefits are, by and large, only the three states of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and West Bengal.

Among all the river basins in India, the Ganga basin has the largest irrigation facilities in which canals play a dominant role. There are four major irrigation projects in operation, all in U.P. viz., the Upper Ganga Canal System, Lower Ganga Canal System, the three pumped canal System, the three pum­ped canal schemes of Dalmau, Bhoupali and Zamania and the Ramganga project, to increase the irrigation capacity of the Upper and Lower Canal Systems.

To augment further the role of the Upper and Lower Canal Systems, the Tehri Dam and the Kotli Bhel Dam are being constructed. Moreover, a new canal system is now being introduced in Uttar Pradesh known the Madhya Ganga Canal System. Thus, it is obvious that the entire irrigation system of U P. hinges on the supply of water from the Ganga.

If the Ganga is the mainstay of irrigation in U.P. it has been a supplier of precious fresh water to industries in all the three riparian states. According to a survey conducted by the Central Water and Power Commission, the hydro-power generation potential of Ganga lies mainly in the U.P Himalayas and this has been largely neglected area. However, four major thermal power plants in the country depend on Ganga water — at Pankhi in Kanpur, Barauni in Bihar, Farakka in Murshidabad and Bendel in Hooghly.

Uttar Pradesh is a growing industrial state and is favoured by large investments from the Centre. Kanpur is well-known for its cotton, jute and woolen textiles, Varanasi for silk and light engineering Allahabad for light engineering while Hardwar has made its mark on the industrial map of India for the production of antibiotics and heavy electricals. Moreover, U.P. is one of the principal sugar producing states in the country with factories dotting the banks of the Ganga throughout its 1,500 kilometer run in the state.

Comparatively speaking, Bihar is neither a substantial user of Ganga water for irrigation nor for industries. In its 450 kilometres stretch through Bihar, only in Patna and Bhagalpur are there are some uses by small and light engineering industries.

West Bengal’s industrial economy, on the other hand, has been largely dependent on Ganga water since the founding of Calcutta nearly 300 years ago. For the Calcutta Metropolitan District, the hub of industries in the state, the prime supplier of water is the Ganga. Decrepit but still the most important agro- jute is concentrated on the banks of the Bhagirathi Hooghly together with a large number of light and medium engineering factories.

It is generally not realised that though not comparable to the needs of agriculture, industry also requires a significant amount of fresh water. By 1980 the total requirement of such water in the country was about 12,000 – 15,000 million cubic metre and at the end of this century this amount is expected to go to 35,000 million cubic metres. The share of the three riparian Ganga states will be considerable, particularly of UP and Bihar, because the CMD has almost reached saturation point in industrial congestion.

The third important area of the Ganga’s contribution to the north Indian economy is supplying water for domestic and municipal requirements. One would do well to remember that the Ganga plain has the highest concentration of people in India. It has 29 class cities, 71 class II and class III towns and numerous small towns belonging to Census categories of IV, V and VI. But more numerous are its rural population.

It is assumed that domestic requirements of water for urban and rural populations in a tropical country like India are 60 gallons per day per capita for the former and half of that for the latter. It has also been calculated that by the end of this century the demand for domestic water from the Ganga will rise to about 62,000 million cubic metres. U.P. once again, will be the major claimant for the supply of such water.

Lastly, there is the demand for navigation, particularly for the existence of the Calcutta Haldia Port complex. The quantum agreed upon by all experts is a minimum flow of 45,000 cusecs all the year round through the river at the Calcutta port site. Add to this the needs of fish, wildlife and for recreation.

If we calculate the existing share of the different demands on Ganga water, it becomes clear that of present the largest claimant (over 75 per cent) is irrigation, the rest being shared among industries, domestic and municipal demands, power and transportation. It is obvious that this is on unbalanced situation and that with such an overwhelming demand for Ganga water by agriculture, particularly in the upper reaches of the river, the crisis of the Calcutta-Haldia port complex is bound to persist and deepen. Such is the role of the Ganga in India’s life.

The alarm sounded about Ganga water pollution has lately added to the complexity of the present situation. To maintain and strengthen the vital role played by the Ganga in the life and economy of the country, a four-pronged approach has been advocated by experts. The first among these concerns the problem of augmentation of flow in the river, which is the most vital single step for its rejuvenation. The second aims at pollution control. The third and the fourth deal with the controlled use of water not only territorially, but all sectorally.

It is known that despite its being a flow resource of consider­able magnitude, the increasing demand of the growing popula­tion in its basin makes this resource increasingly more scarce in the lean months when the volume of flow is substantially reduced. With the onset of the rainy season and extended over to a few months afterwards the flow is much more than we shall be able to consume even with higher demands in future. Most of it flows into the sea.

The problem is to prevent this waste; to use the excess water to augment the flow in the dry period, thus ensuring a continuous and steady supply of Ganga water throughout the year.

This involves detailed planning for the storage of excess water by a string of dams all along the Himalayan foothills in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar and possibly a linkage between the Brahmaputra and the Ganga. There is already a proposal of a system of interlinking canals to pour the surplus flow of the Kosi, Gandak, Burhi Gandak and the Ghagra to the west into the Ganga, construction of a number of dams in Nepal Tehri and at other places.

The scheme is time consuming and entails heavy expenditure. But it can be phased out in the coming plan periods as we have done in many cases.

Two other aspects of the plan for the Ganga should be to introduce rational use of water sectorally as well as territorially. In all advanced countries, river water is budgeted carefully and allocations made for the four major users-agriculture, industry domestic and municipal requirement sand transport. Runaway use by one sector at the expense of all others is not allowed, for in the ultimate cost benefit accountancy, it is not only wasteful but also extremely dangerous and harmful for the country in the long run.

Same is the problem with territorial distribution of possible uses. Even leaving out the knotty question of whether the Ganga is an international river and whether there should be proper sharing of its water between different countries, the fact remains that the Ganga certainly is an interstate river and that all users have the same claim over its water.

Such claims cannot be wished away as narrow, regional or parochial. There is as much justification for U.P. farmers to draw irrigation water from the Ganga as the people of Bihar asking a much larger share of this water for agriculture and industry or the people of West Bengal petitioning for 40,000 cusecs all the year round to save the Calcutta-Haldia port complex.

Unfortunately for us, Indian planning so far has been largely one sided and partial depending on the strength of the lobby which can move the planning mechanism of the Union govern­ment most effectively. Take for example the case of irrigation projects.

One very competent and high-placed officer in the Union ministry of agriculture wrote that our irrigation plans were drafted in isolation and failed to take note of the many other vital questions linked with the construction of dams and canals for the use of water.

As for example, our irrigation projects plan for the supply of water but not drainage, construct dams but do not envisage maintenance of water sheds, dig the main canals but do not plan detailed field distribution, avoid making conjunctive use of surface and ground water in order at conserve our water resources to the maximum possible extent, supply water to one region and forget about the others.

So far the line has been to use short cuts without a compre­hensive understanding of the problem. The result may prove to be disastrous in the coming years of which there are ample indications already. It is, therefore, of utmost importance to realise that a proper regional and sectoral budget for the use of Ganga water is in the interest of the nation as a whole.

Lastly comes the question of pollution. So much has been written on Ganga water pollution in recent months that we need not elaborate on the problem here. It can be noted that though pollution of Ganga water is a big problem by itself, it cannot be tackled seriously without augmenting the flow or maintaining a strict control on the use of its waters by sectors or regions

In short, there is a strong case of advocating a policy of planned use, conservation and development of Ganga water. Not only to meet the problems of today but more so of the future. A piecemeal approach, which has become the practice with our policy-makers, may irreparably damage this supremely important flow resource of India and deliver a crippling blow to the health and economy of one of the largest and most densely settled river valleys in the world.

Related Articles:

• Essay on Hydropower Generation in India (with statistics)
• Ganga Plain: Location, Formation and Regions | India | Geography
• Paragraph on India’s River Regimes
• 3 Main Courses of River | India | Geography

Essay , Geography , India , Rivers , Ganga River , Essay on the Ganga River

Privacy Overview

Essay Curve

Essay on Ganga River – Samples, 10 Lines to 1500 Words

Essay on Ganga River: The Ganga River holds a special place in the hearts of millions of people in India. Revered as a sacred river by Hindus, it is not just a source of water but a symbol of purity and spirituality. In this essay, we will explore the significance of the Ganga River in Indian culture, its historical importance, the current challenges it faces, and the efforts being made to protect and preserve this iconic river. Join me as we delve into the depths of the Ganga River and uncover its true essence.

Table of Contents

Ganga River Essay Writing Tips

1. Introduction: Start your essay by introducing the Ganga River, also known as the Ganges, which is one of the most sacred rivers in India. Mention its significance in Hindu mythology and its importance in Indian culture and spirituality.

2. Historical background: Provide a brief overview of the history of the Ganga River, including its origins in the Himalayas and its journey through the northern plains of India. Mention its role in the development of ancient civilizations along its banks.

3. Pollution and environmental degradation: Discuss the current state of the Ganga River, highlighting the pollution and environmental degradation it is facing due to industrial waste, sewage discharge, and agricultural runoff. Mention the impact of pollution on the river’s ecosystem and the health of people living along its banks.

4. Government initiatives: Talk about the various government initiatives taken to clean up the Ganga River, such as the Namami Gange project launched by the Indian government in 2014. Discuss the challenges faced in implementing these initiatives and the progress made so far in cleaning up the river.

5. Cultural significance: Explore the cultural significance of the Ganga River in India, mentioning its role in religious ceremonies, festivals, and rituals. Discuss how the river is considered a source of spiritual purification and how millions of people visit its banks to take a dip in its holy waters.

6. Economic importance: Highlight the economic importance of the Ganga River, mentioning its role in agriculture, fishing, and tourism. Discuss how the river supports the livelihoods of millions of people living along its banks and the need to protect its resources for future generations.

7. Conclusion: Summarize your essay by emphasizing the importance of preserving and protecting the Ganga River for its cultural, environmental, and economic significance. Encourage readers to take action to help clean up the river and ensure its sustainability for future generations.

Essay on Ganga River in 10 Lines – Examples

1. The Ganga River, also known as the Ganges, is one of the most sacred rivers in India. 2. It is a trans-boundary river that flows through India and Bangladesh. 3. The Ganga River is considered holy by Hindus and is worshipped as a goddess. 4. It is believed that bathing in the Ganga River can cleanse one’s sins and bring salvation. 5. The river is home to a diverse range of aquatic life, including the endangered Ganges river dolphin. 6. The Ganga River basin is one of the most densely populated regions in the world. 7. The river is facing severe pollution due to industrial waste, sewage, and agricultural runoff. 8. Efforts are being made to clean up the Ganga River, including the government’s Namami Gange project. 9. The Ganga River is a lifeline for millions of people who depend on it for drinking water, agriculture, and livelihoods. 10. Despite its challenges, the Ganga River remains a symbol of spirituality, culture, and tradition in India.

Sample Essay on Ganga River in 100-180 Words

The Ganga River, also known as the Ganges, is one of the most sacred rivers in India. It holds immense cultural and religious significance for millions of people in the country. The river originates from the Gangotri Glacier in the Himalayas and flows through several states before finally emptying into the Bay of Bengal.

The Ganga River is not just a source of spiritual nourishment, but also plays a crucial role in the livelihoods of millions of people who depend on it for agriculture, fishing, and transportation. However, over the years, the river has become heavily polluted due to industrial waste, sewage, and garbage dumping. This has led to a decline in water quality and poses a serious threat to the health of those who rely on the river.

Efforts are being made to clean up the Ganga River and restore its pristine glory. The government has launched various initiatives and programs to reduce pollution and promote sustainable practices along the river. It is essential that we all come together to protect and preserve this sacred river for future generations.

Short Essay on Ganga River in 200-500 Words

The Ganga River, also known as the Ganges, is one of the most sacred rivers in India. It holds immense cultural, religious, and historical significance for the people of India. The river originates in the Himalayas and flows through several states before emptying into the Bay of Bengal. It is considered a lifeline for millions of people who depend on it for their livelihoods, as well as for spiritual and religious practices.

The Ganga River is revered by Hindus as a goddess and is worshipped as a source of purity and salvation. It is believed that bathing in the holy waters of the Ganga can wash away one’s sins and bring spiritual enlightenment. Many people travel from far and wide to take a dip in the river and perform rituals and ceremonies along its banks. The river is also home to several sacred sites and temples, making it a popular pilgrimage destination for devotees.

Apart from its religious significance, the Ganga River plays a crucial role in the ecosystem and economy of the region. It supports a diverse range of flora and fauna, including several endangered species. The river basin is also home to millions of people who rely on it for agriculture, fishing, and transportation. The Ganga River is a source of irrigation for fertile lands, providing water for crops and sustaining livelihoods for farmers.

However, despite its cultural and ecological importance, the Ganga River is facing numerous challenges. Pollution, industrial waste, and sewage discharge have severely contaminated the river, making it one of the most polluted rivers in the world. The high levels of pollution have led to a decline in water quality, affecting both human health and the ecosystem. The government has launched several initiatives to clean up the river, including the Ganga Action Plan and the Namami Gange project, but progress has been slow and the river continues to face threats from pollution and over-extraction of water.

Efforts are being made to revive the Ganga River and restore its glory. Several organizations and environmentalists are working towards cleaning up the river and raising awareness about the importance of preserving its ecosystem. It is crucial for all stakeholders, including the government, industries, and local communities, to come together and take collective action to protect and conserve the Ganga River for future generations.

In conclusion, the Ganga River holds a special place in the hearts of millions of people in India. It is not just a river but a symbol of faith, culture, and tradition. It is essential to safeguard the Ganga River and ensure its sustainability for the well-being of both people and the environment. Only through concerted efforts and collective action can we preserve the sanctity and purity of this sacred river for generations to come.

Essay on Ganga River in 1000-1500 Words

The Ganga River, also known as the Ganges, is one of the most sacred rivers in India. It is not just a river, but a symbol of purity, spirituality, and life itself. The Ganga River holds immense cultural, religious, and ecological significance for the people of India. It is considered the lifeline of millions of people who depend on it for their livelihoods, spiritual beliefs, and daily needs.

The Ganga River originates from the Gangotri Glacier in the Himalayas and flows through the northern states of Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and West Bengal before emptying into the Bay of Bengal. It is the longest river in India, stretching over 2,500 kilometers. The Ganga River basin is home to over 400 million people, making it one of the most densely populated regions in the world.

The Ganga River has been revered by Hindus for thousands of years. According to Hindu mythology, the river is considered the goddess Ganga, who descended from the heavens to purify the souls of the dead and provide salvation to the living. The Ganga is worshipped as a mother figure, and millions of Hindus take a dip in its holy waters to cleanse their sins and attain spiritual enlightenment.

The Ganga River is also a source of livelihood for millions of people living along its banks. It provides water for irrigation, fishing, and transportation, supporting agriculture and trade in the region. The river is a lifeline for farmers who depend on its waters for growing crops like rice, wheat, and sugarcane. The Ganga River basin is one of the most fertile regions in India, producing a significant portion of the country’s food grains.

Despite its cultural and economic significance, the Ganga River is facing numerous challenges that threaten its health and sustainability. Pollution is one of the biggest threats to the Ganga River, with industrial waste, sewage, and agricultural runoff contaminating its waters. The river is also heavily dammed and diverted for hydropower projects, disrupting its natural flow and causing water scarcity in downstream areas.

The pollution of the Ganga River has reached alarming levels, with high levels of toxic chemicals, heavy metals, and pathogens in its waters. The river is also choked with plastic waste, sewage, and other pollutants, posing a serious threat to the health of people and ecosystems dependent on it. The pollution of the Ganga River has led to a decline in water quality, loss of biodiversity, and increased incidence of waterborne diseases in the region.

The Indian government has launched several initiatives to clean up the Ganga River and restore its health. The Namami Gange program, launched in 2014, aims to rejuvenate the Ganga River by reducing pollution, conserving water resources, and promoting sustainable development in the region. The program includes measures like setting up sewage treatment plants, promoting organic farming, and creating awareness about the importance of the Ganga River.

Despite these efforts, the Ganga River continues to face challenges in its conservation and management. The rapid urbanization and industrialization in the Ganga River basin have put immense pressure on its resources, leading to overexploitation and degradation of its ecosystems. Climate change is also affecting the flow of the river, with changing rainfall patterns and melting glaciers altering its hydrology.

To ensure the long-term sustainability of the Ganga River, it is essential to adopt a holistic approach to its conservation and management. This includes addressing the root causes of pollution, promoting sustainable water use practices, and involving local communities in decision-making processes. The Ganga River is not just a river; it is a symbol of India’s cultural heritage, ecological diversity, and spiritual beliefs. It is our collective responsibility to protect and preserve this sacred river for future generations.

In conclusion, the Ganga River is a symbol of India’s rich cultural heritage and natural diversity. It is a source of life, livelihood, and spirituality for millions of people living along its banks. The Ganga River faces numerous challenges in its conservation and management, including pollution, overexploitation, and climate change. It is essential for all stakeholders to come together and work towards the sustainable management of the Ganga River to ensure its health and vitality for generations to come. Let us all pledge to protect and preserve the Ganga River, the lifeline of India.

Related Essays

Essay on A Visit To A Fair – 10 Lines, 100 to 1500 Words

Value of Games And Sports – Essay in 10 Lines, 100 to 1500 Words

Essay on Importance of Teacher – 100, 200, 500, 1000 Words

Essay on A Visit To A Museum – 100, 200, 500, 1000 Words

Essay on Effect of Social Media On Youth

Essay on Shri Guru Nanak Dev Ji – Short & Long Essay Examples

Essay on Nuclear Family – Short Essay & Long Essay upto 1500 Words

Essay on Anudeep Durishetty – 10 Lines, 100 to 1500 Words

Essay on Non Violence – Samples, 10 Lines to 1500 Words

Covid 19 Responsive School – Essay in 10 Lines, 100 to 1500 Words

Leave a Comment Cancel reply

Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.

Short Essay on Ganga River in English

The Ganga is a holy river of India. River Ganga has been originated from the Gomukh cave of the Gangotri glacier.

River Bhagirathi and Alaknanda come met at Devprayag to form the river Ganga. It rises in the Indian state of Uttarakhand which is in the part of Western Himalayas, flows through Uttar Prades, Bihar and West Bengal.

It is discovered that there is an unknown and unique substance found in the River Ganga which can kill the bacteria in the water. Therefore, it’s self-purifying quality leads to oxygen levels 25 times higher than any other river in the world.

For Indians, the river holds much important place in their lives. It holds a sacred place in the heart of every Indian. People�s religious beliefs are attached to the River Ganga.

Question on Ganga river

Where is the ganga river situated.

It rises in the Indian state of Uttarakhand which is in the part of Western Himalayas, flows through Uttar Prades, Bihar and West Bengal.

How many rivers meet in Ganga?

Which is the national river of india, which is the largest dam in india.

Tehri Dam is the largest dam in India.

Related Posts:

World History Edu

Why is the Ganges considered the holiest river in Hinduism?

by World History Edu · September 25, 2023

In Hinduism, the river Ganga (or Ganges) is not just considered a river but is deified and worshipped as a goddess who is regarded as a bearer of purity, sanctity, and forgiveness. The deity is revered by Hindus as a mother, as a goddess who purifies the soul, and as a divine entity that can absolve sins.

Manikarnika Ghat, the holy cremation ground on the Ganges river front

Ganga is typically depicted as a beautiful and fair woman, often seen riding a divine creature known as the makara, which is a creature with the lower jaw of a crocodile and the body of a fish, symbolizing the water element associated with her. She is also frequently shown with a water pot and a lotus, both of which are symbolic of purity and divinity.

Photograph (1875) of goddess Ganga (Gupta period, 5th or 6th century CE) from Besnagar, Madhya Pradesh, now in Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.

Earliest Mentions

Some of the earliest mentions of Ganga are found in the Rigveda, one of the oldest sacred texts of Hinduism, highlighting the long-standing veneration she has received. In these texts, she is described as the holiest among the rivers, extolling her divine nature and purifying abilities.

Narratives in Later Texts

The narratives and stories related to Ganga mainly appear in post-Vedic texts like the Ramayana, Mahabharata, and the Puranas. These texts contain various legends related to her descent to Earth (known as Ganga Avatarnam), her role in the cosmic order, and her interactions with other deities, sages, and humans.

Descent to Earth

One of the most popular legends is about her descent to Earth from the heavens. According to this legend, King Bhagiratha performed severe penances to bring Ganga to the earth to purify the souls of his ancestors. However, Ganga’s flow was so powerful that Lord Shiva had to intervene, and he caught her waters in his matted hair to break her fall and control her flow. This event is celebrated as Ganga Dussehra.

Image: Descent of Ganga, painting by Raja Ravi Varma c. 1910

Role in Hindu Rituals

Ganga holds a pivotal role in various Hindu rites and rituals, particularly those related to purification and funerary rites. Pilgrims flock to her banks to perform rituals, believing that her waters have the divine power to cleanse sins and grant liberation. The cities along her banks, such as Varanasi, are considered particularly sacred, and many devout Hindus aspire to visit them at least once in their lifetime.

READ MORE: Most Popular Hindu Gods and Goddesses

The reverence for Ganga is not merely about the physical river but also encompasses the spiritual and moral dimensions. She symbolizes life, purity, devotion, and the nurturing aspect of the divine feminine, embodying the compassionate and forgiving nature of the divine.

Frequently Asked Questions about the Ganges

Ganga is considered the holiest river in Hinduism because it is believed to have descended from heaven to purify the souls of humans. It is personified as a goddess and is revered for its ability to cleanse sins and grant Moksha (liberation from the cycle of birth and death).

Here are some of the frequently asked questions about Ganga in Hinduism, reflecting the multifaceted significance and reverence the river holds in the religion:

How did the Ganges come to Earth in Hindu mythology?

According to Hindu mythology, King Bhagiratha performed intense penance to bring Ganga to Earth to purify the souls of his ancestors. Lord Brahma granted his wish, but the Earth couldn’t bear Ganga’s force, so Lord Shiva received her in his matted locks and released her in a controlled manner to the Earth.

Ganga’s descent to earth is a focal legend, facilitated by the sage Bhagiratha and assisted by Shiva. Additionally, the Mahabharata states that Ganga, through a union with King Shantanu, is the mother of the warrior Bhishma. Lord Shiva, as Gangadhara, bearing the Descent of the Ganges, as the goddess Parvati, the sage Bhagiratha, and the bull Nandi look on (circa 1740).

READ MORE: Lord Shiva and Ganga in Hinduism

How is the Ganges depicted in Hindu mythology?

In Hindu mythology, Ganga is depicted diversely; the Ramayana portrays her as Himavat’s firstborn, representing the Himalayas, and as Parvati’s sister. However, some texts attribute her origin to Vishnu, the preserver deity.

What is the Ganges role in Hinduism?

In Hinduism, the Ganga is honored as a symbol of motherhood and a cleanser of spirits. The faithful release the ashes of the departed into the river with the belief that it aids souls in reaching moksha, releasing them from the cycle of birth and death.

Celebrations in her name, like Ganga Dussehra and Ganga Jayanti, are held at several holy locations along her course, including Gangotri, Haridwar, Prayagraj, Varanasi, and Kali Ghat in Kolkata. Outside of India, she is worshiped during the Loy Krathong festival in Thailand, along with Gautama Buddha.

The Ganges River, personified as Goddess Ganga, is worshipped as a living deity. Aarti is a common ritual performed on her banks in places like Varanasi, Haridwar, and Rishikesh.

How is the Ganges depicted in Hinduism?

From the times of the Vedic era, the Ganga River has been held in the highest esteem by Hindus, being both personified and venerated as Goddess Ganga, a deity of considerable importance in Hinduism.

She is visually represented as a fair lady, crowned in white, perched upon a crocodile, possibly holding a water lily, a flute, a water-pot, and a rosary, with one hand typically portrayed in a protective gesture. Although the Rigveda includes mentions of Ganga, it is in the Puranas where more detailed narratives and portrayals of her are articulated.

It is also common to have her shown as a four-armed deity, either seated on a crocodile or enthroned with crocodiles surrounding her. In one particular iconography, the Maha Virat-rupa, she is depicted holding a jar of amrita, a rosary, a lotus, and making a varada mudra gesture.

Alternative representations may depict her holding a kalasha and a lotus, with the other two hands making varada and abhaya mudra gestures.

Especially in Bengal, she is popularly shown holding a shankha, chakra (discus), lotus, and making an abhaya mudra gesture, with the kalasha releasing her sacred water.

The Brahma Vaivarta Purana frequently depicts Ganga with her divine mount, the makara, a creature with the head of a crocodile and the tail of a dolphin.

What is the significance of bathing in the Ganges?

Bathing in the Ganges is believed to purify one’s soul and cleanse sins. It is a common practice during various Hindu festivals and is considered a step towards attaining Moksha.

Women and children at a bathing ghat on the Ganges in Banares (Varanasi), 1885.

What are the major festivals celebrated on the banks of the Ganges?

Major festivals include Ganga Dussehra, Kumbh Mela, and Chhath Puja. These festivals involve numerous rituals like bathing in the holy waters and performing Aartis, and they attract millions of pilgrims.

Why do people immerse ashes in the Ganges?

Hindus immerse the ashes of the deceased in the Ganges as it is believed to ensure the soul’s liberation from the cycle of birth and death and to lead the soul to Moksha.

The ashes of the dead are released along the banks of the Ganges in Varanasi

What are the environmental concerns related to the Ganges River?

The Ganges faces severe pollution due to industrial effluents, sewage discharge, and the immersion of religious materials and human remains, leading to significant water quality issues. Numerous initiatives and projects aim to clean and preserve the river.

Cleeaning of the Ganges

Which cities are considered holy along the Ganges River?

Varanasi, Haridwar, Rishikesh, and Allahabad (Prayagraj) are considered holy cities along the Ganges River, and they are significant centers for spiritual activities, rituals, and festivals in Hinduism.

Ganga is often depicted as a fair-complexioned woman, riding a crocodile, and holding a water lily. She is shown flowing from the matted locks of Lord Shiva or seated on a lotus. Image: Bhagiratha and Ganga

Are there any specific prayers or mantras dedicated to Ganga?

Several prayers and hymns are dedicated to Ganga, including the Ganga Stotra and the Ganga Lahiri. These hymns praise the river’s sanctity and seek blessings and purification.

What is the source of the Ganges?

The source of the Ganges River is at the Gangotri Glacier, which is situated in the Indian state of Uttarakhand in the Himalayas. The river emerges from an ice cave known as Gaumukh, which is located at the base of the Gangotri Glacier. Gaumukh, which means “Mouth of the Cow,” is so named because it is said to resemble the mouth of a cow. It is considered one of the most sacred places for Hindus.

From Gaumukh, the river flows as the Bhagirathi River until it meets the Alaknanda River at Devprayag, after which it is known as the Ganges or Ganga River. The Ganges is the longest river in India and holds immense significance for the people of the Indian subcontinent, especially Hindus, due to its cultural, spiritual, and historical importance.

Bhagirathi River at Gangotri.

READ MORE: Most Famous Pantheons in World History

Tags: Ganga Hindu goddess Hinduism King Bhagiratha Shiva The Ganges

Leave a Reply Cancel reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.

• Next story  How did Queen Mary I of England earn the name “Bloody Mary”?
• Previous story  Why did Cleopatra’s father Pharaoh Ptolemy XII pay huge bribes to Roman politicians?
• Popular Posts
• Recent Posts

Why Did the Mexican Conservatives Lose the Reform War (Guerra de Reforma)

What triggered the War of the Spanish Succession?

King William’s War (1688–1697)

Who are the Yōkai?

Acadia: A Colony of New France

Greatest African Leaders of all Time

Queen Elizabeth II: 10 Major Achievements

Donald Trump’s Educational Background

Donald Trump: 10 Most Significant Achievements

8 Most Important Achievements of John F. Kennedy

Odin in Norse Mythology: Origin Story, Meaning and Symbols

Ragnar Lothbrok – History, Facts & Legendary Achievements

9 Great Achievements of Queen Victoria

Most Ruthless African Dictators of All Time

12 Most Influential Presidents of the United States

Greek God Hermes: Myths, Powers and Early Portrayals

Kamala Harris: 10 Major Achievements

Kwame Nkrumah: History, Major Facts & 10 Memorable Achievements

8 Major Achievements of Rosa Parks

How did Captain James Cook die?

Trail of Tears: Story, Death Count & Facts

5 Great Accomplishments of Ancient Greece

Most Famous Pharaohs of Egypt

The Exact Relationship between Elizabeth II and Elizabeth I

How and when was Morse Code Invented?

• Adolf Hitler Alexander the Great American Civil War Ancient Egyptian gods Ancient Egyptian religion Apollo Athena Athens Black history Carthage China Civil Rights Movement Cold War Constantine the Great Constantinople Egypt England France Hera Horus India Isis John Adams Julius Caesar Loki Medieval History Military Generals Military History Napoleon Bonaparte Nobel Peace Prize Odin Osiris Ottoman Empire Pan-Africanism Queen Elizabeth I Religion Set (Seth) Soviet Union Thor Timeline Turkey Women’s History World War I World War II Zeus

Essay on Clean Ganga Mission

Students are often asked to write an essay on Clean Ganga Mission in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Clean Ganga Mission

Introduction.

The Clean Ganga Mission is a significant initiative by the Indian government. It aims to reduce pollution and revive the holy river Ganga.

Significance

Ganga is not just a river; it’s a symbol of faith and life for millions. However, pollution has threatened its existence.

The mission’s main goal is to stop the dumping of waste into the river, treating sewage, and maintaining river health.

A clean Ganga will benefit people, wildlife, and the environment. It will also boost tourism and economy.

250 Words Essay on Clean Ganga Mission

The Clean Ganga Mission, officially known as the Namami Gange Programme, is an ambitious initiative launched by the Government of India. The mission aims to reduce pollution, conserve biodiversity, and rejuvenate the Ganga River, a lifeline for millions of people and an emblem of Indian cultural heritage.

Objectives and Strategies

The mission’s primary objectives include effective abatement of pollution and sustainable river conservation. To achieve these, the government has adopted a two-pronged strategy: pollution mitigation and sustainable river management. Pollution mitigation involves the establishment of effluent treatment plants, while sustainable management includes afforestation projects and biodiversity conservation.

Challenges and Solutions

Despite its noble intention, the Clean Ganga Mission faces substantial challenges. Industrial effluents and untreated sewage are the primary pollutants, and their unchecked disposal has led to a significant deterioration of the river’s health. Addressing these issues requires stringent regulation, public awareness, and the active participation of local communities.

Implications and Conclusion

The success of the Clean Ganga Mission has far-reaching implications. It will not only restore the river’s health but also improve the livelihoods of communities dependent on it. Moreover, it can serve as a blueprint for other river conservation projects. The mission embodies a crucial lesson for humanity: that environmental conservation is an urgent necessity, not just a choice. The Clean Ganga Mission, therefore, is a call to action for all of us to contribute towards preserving our natural resources.

500 Words Essay on Clean Ganga Mission

The Ganges, often referred to as Ganga, is not just a river in India but a divine entity holding a unique place in the Indian cultural ethos. However, over the years, the river has been subjected to severe pollution due to industrial effluents, sewage disposal, and other anthropogenic activities. The Clean Ganga Mission, formally known as the Namami Gange Programme, is an ambitious project launched by the Indian government in 2014 to tackle these issues.

The Need for the Clean Ganga Mission

Objectives and strategies of the mission.

The Clean Ganga Mission aims at Ganga rejuvenation by blending the approach of ‘Nirmal Dhara’ (Clean Flow) and ‘Aviral Dhara’ (Continuous Flow). It seeks to reduce pollution and revive the biodiversity of the river. Several strategies have been adopted for this purpose.

The government has established sewage treatment plants (STPs) to prevent untreated sewage from entering the river. The mission also focuses on the development of river-front infrastructure to manage pollution from religious activities. It promotes public awareness and participation, encouraging communities to participate actively in maintaining the cleanliness of the river.

Challenges and Future Prospects

However, the future prospects of the mission are promising. The government has pledged to increase funding and has collaborated with international agencies for technical assistance. Moreover, public awareness about the issue has been growing, which can potentially lead to more community participation in the mission.

The Clean Ganga Mission is a much-needed initiative to save one of India’s most vital and revered water bodies. The mission’s success will not only ensure the Ganges’ health but also set a precedent for similar initiatives aimed at other polluted rivers. It is a collective responsibility and requires the participation of every stakeholder, from the government to the citizens. With continued efforts, it is hoped that the day is not far when the Ganges regains its pristine glory and continues to sustain life and culture as it has for centuries.

Apart from these, you can look at all the essays by clicking here .

Happy studying!

Leave a Reply Cancel reply

10 Lines on Ganga River

Ganga River is a very big and sacred river of India and the second largest river in the Indian subcontinent. It originates from Gangotri, which is a large glacier in the Himalayan region and flows through the hills, plains, terrains, etc. Ganga is also a trans-boundary river which flows in India as well as Bangladesh with the name of Padma.

There are several legends that are associated with the Ganga River which makes it the holy and one of the most revered rivers in India. As per Hindu mythology, the Ganga River was named on Goddess Ganga who resides on the heads of Lord Shiv. There are also other names of Ganga River as Bhagirathi, Patit Pawani, etc. The water of the Ganga River is called “Gangajal” and is considered the most sacred water and used in various rituals.

Ten Lines on Ganga River in English

We have provided ten lines on the Ganga River in English. You can add these lines in your essays and paragraph writing in your exam as well as in the school competition. It will support your essays on Ganga River as well as related topics like Ganga River history, Ganga River origin, Ganga River route, tributaries of Ganga, Ganges River facts, few lines on Ganga River, etc.

10 Lines on Ganga River – Set 1

1) Ganga River is the second largest river in the Indian subcontinent by water flow.

2) It flows through India and Bangladesh where it is called as River Padma.

3) This river got its name after the Hindu goddess Ganga and it is considered very sacred.

4) Ganga River starts from the Gangotri glacier which is in the Garhwal region of the Himalayas.

5) Ganga flows from north India and falls into the Bay of Bengal in eastern India.

6) It flows from many states which makes it the lifeline of whole north India.

7) The states through which Ganga flows are Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and West Bengal.

8) The length of the Ganga River is 3877 km where 2525 km flows in the Indian side.

9) The water of the Ganga River is very fertile and is also used for agricultural purposes.

10) When Ganga enters West Bengal, it is known as “Hooghly River” or “Bhagirathi-Hooghly”.

10 Lines on Ganga River – Set 2

1) Ganga River is a sacred river for all the Hindus and it is the lifeline of millions of people who reside near the banks of it.

2) It is a trans-boundary river which not only flows through many states but it also flows between two nations i.e. India and Bangladesh.

3) The length of Ganga which flows in the Indian side is 2525 km out of the total 3877 km and the rest 1352 km flows inside Bangladesh.

4) Ganga River originates from the glacier called as ‘Gangotri’ which lies in the Garhwal region of Himalayas and falls in the Bay of Bengal.

5) Ganga has the largest river basin which extends around 8,38,200 sq. km and has three important courses of flow – Upper, Middle and Lower course.

6) The Ganga basin has the population of approximately 45 million where 50 percent lives in Uttar Pradesh, 10 percent in Bihar and 40 percent in West Bengal.

7) Ganga River has a lot of tributaries like Ghaghara, Yamuna and Ramganga etc and Bhagirathi- Hooghly and Padma are the distributaries of Ganga.

8) The major rivers which flow into Ganga River are Brahmaputra, Gomati, Kosi, Ghaghara, Yamuna and Son.

9) There are several major cities which are located on the banks of Ganga River, namely Rishikesh, Haridwar, Kanpur, Varanasi, Allahabad, Patna and Kolkata.

10) “Ganga Action Plan” (GAP) and “Namami Gange” are two environmental initiatives which were launched to clean the pollution residing in the Ganga River.

10 Lines on Ganga River – Set 3

1) Ganga is a river that has a great religious significance in India.

2) It is called as Mother River by people in India.

3) This sacred river flows through different regions of countries India and Bangladesh.

4) Gomukh the extreme point of Gangotri glacier is the birthplace of river Ganga.

5) River Ganga is designated as the third largest river according to flow rate.

6) Hindu mythology states Bhagirathi as the source stream of the river Ganga.

7) People believe to attain mosksha if the ashes after cremation are immersed in Ganga.

8) Alaknanda, Dhauliganga, Nandakini, Pindar, Mandakini and Bhaghirati are the sacred headstreams of river Ganga.

9) Ganges Delta formed by silt deposition of river Ganga is the largest delta in the world.

10) Karunasiri is celebrated as the birth of the river Ganga in May or June month of every year.

10 Lines on Ganga River – Set 4

1) River Ganga is regarded as the holiest river of Hindus.

2) Varanasi, Rishikesh, Allahabad, Haridwar, Kanpur, Patna, and Kolkata are some cities located on the bank of the river Ganga.

3) It is believed that by bathing in this holy river, we get rid of our sins.

4) The people in India worship the river Ganga as the goddess.

5) River Ganga is called as Hoogly River when it enters West Bengal.

6) It fetches water to most of the people residing riverside.

7) The biodiversity of river Ganga specifies about 140 species of fish and 90 species of amphibians.

8) The condition of river Ganga is deteriorating day by day due to increasing pollution.

9) The worsening condition of river water is a threat to aquatic flora and fauna.

10) A project named ‘Namami Gange’ after the failure of the ‘Ganga Action Plan’ has been launched recently for the purification of the river Ganga.

5 Lines on Ganga River

1)  Ganga is the holiest river in India.

2) It originates from the Himalayas.

3) It is the largest river in India.

4) It is a heavily polluted river in India.

5) Ganga is a lifeline to millions of Indians.

The increasing number of cities and industries developed in few years has largely polluted the water of Ganga. The river which was once a lifeline for half of the nation is now becoming toxic for human beings and for animals on land as well as those living in the river. Operation Clean Ganga was started as a part of the Ganga Action Plan (GAP) in 1986 but the major visible improvement was witnessed through the “Namami Gange” program which was launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in 2014.

FAQs: Frequently Asked Questions on Ganga River

Ans. The glacier in the Himalayas is the main source of the Ganga River.

Ans. Yes, there are several dams constructed on the Ganga River.

Ans. The pollution level in the Ganga River is high due to untreated industrial effluents and sewage. It is now fifth most polluted river in the world.

Ans. Ganga River flows through five states (Jharkhand, Uttarakhand, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, and West Bengal).

Ans. The old name of the Ganga River is Bhagirathi.

Related Posts

10 lines on mahatma gandhi, 10 lines on patriotism, 10 lines on nationalism, 10 lines on national flag of india, 10 lines on importance of national flag, 10 lines on importance of national festivals of india, 10 lines on national festivals of india, 10 lines on national festivals celebration, 10 lines on a.p.j. abdul kalam, leave a comment cancel reply.

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

• Logout Login
• Adventure Holidays
• Weekend Getaways
• Driving Holidays
• Travel News

9 sacred destinations along the River Ganga for those looking for spiritual retreats in India

Precious Rongmei , TIMESOFINDIA.COM , TRAVEL TRENDS , INDIA Updated : Sep 25, 2024, 14:38 IST

The River Ganga holds immense cultural, spiritual, and historical significance in India, and along its sacred waters lie numerous famous destinations. From pilgrimage sites to bustling cities, each destination along the Ganga offers a unique blend of history, natural beauty, and devotion. Visitors to these iconic spots not only experience the tranquil beauty of the river but also the deep cultural and spiritual connection that millions hold with this lifeline of the Indian subcontinent.

Gangotri, Uttarakhand

Thousands of pilgrims visit the Gangotri Temple every year, especially during the Char Dham Yatra season, seeking blessings and purification in the icy waters of the river. The River Ganga originates from Gangotri, from the Gaumukh glacier.

Devprayag, Uttarakhand

Devprayag is an important pilgrimage town in Uttarakhand. This is where the Bhagirathi and Alaknanda rivers meet to form the Ganga. This confluence holds deep spiritual significance as it marks the true beginning of the River Ganga.

Haridwar, Uttarakhand

One of the seven holiest places in Hinduism, Haridwar sits on the banks of the River Ganga and is renowned for its ghats, particularly Har Ki Pauri, where pilgrims flock to take a dip in the sacred waters. This ancient city also hosts the Kumbh Mela every 12 years. The evening Ganga Aarti at Har Ki Pauri is a mesmerizing experience.

Rishikesh, Uttarakhand

Rishikesh, located on the banks of River Ganga, is a major spiritual and adventure destination. The town is famous for its ashrams, where yoga, meditation, and spiritual discourses are held. People from all over the world, especially yoga enthusiasts, visit Rishikesh every year for the International Day of Yoga. The Ganga flows majestically through Rishikesh, with the iconic Lakshman Jhula and Ram Jhula suspension bridges spanning the river. The daily evening Ganga Aarti is an unforgettable experience.

Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh

Varanasi, situated on the banks of the Ganga, is one of the holiest cities in India. It is believed that those who die in Varanasi attain salvation. Varanasi is home to over 80 ghats, the most popular one is the Dashashwamedh Ghat. The daily Ganga Aarti is performed here, and it's an unforgettable experience.

Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh

Prayagraj is famous for the Triveni Sangam, the confluence of the three holy rivers—Ganga, Yamuna, and the mythical Sarasvati. The city hosts the famous Kumbh Mela every 12 years. This is the largest religious gathering in the world. Pilgrims flock to Prayagraj because of the belief that a dip in the Sangam will cleanse the soul of sins and leads to moksha.

Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh

Kanpur, one of the largest cities in Uttar Pradesh, is located on the western banks of the Ganga. Brahmavatra Ghat is one of the most revered places along the Ganga, in the city of Kanpur. For the devotees of Brahma, this ghat is one of the most important sites to visit.

Kolkata, West Bengal

The River Ganga enters the plains of Bengal in the form of several distributaries. One of the distributaries is the Hooghly River. The city of Kolkata is located on the banks of the Hooghly River. There are several ferries that provide transportation and the sacred. One of the most iconic landmarks along the Hooghly ghats is the Dakshineswar Kali Temple, located on the river’s eastern bank.

Howrah, West Bengal

Situated directly opposite Kolkata, Howrah is connected to the city by the famous Howrah Bridge, an engineering marvel and one of the busiest cantilever bridges in the world. Howrah’s strategic location on the western bank of the Hooghly River has made it an important industrial and transportation hub. The banks of the river in Howrah are lined with historical sites and bustling ghats, making it a vital part of the region’s identity and daily life.

Visual Stories

8 most scenic hill destinations across the globe

World’s 10 smallest countries by area

UNESCO odyssey: Must-visit heritage sites in Maharashtra

From Kolkata to Lisbon: Iconic cities to experience vintage trams

European countries likely to grant Schengen visas to Indians in 2024

Top 10 most scenic rivers in the world

World Maritime Day: Indian cities with perfect maritime weather

World’s top 10 places to capture the most unbelievable rainbows

Natural wonders you must visit at least once in life

8 snorkelling fun facts for first-timers

Join Us On Facebook Close

Poll of the day, which of these is one of earth's oldest geographical feature, comments (0).

Refrain from posting comments that are obscene, defamatory or inflammatory, and do not indulge in personal attacks, name calling or inciting hatred against any community. Help us delete comments that do not follow these guidelines by marking them offensive . Let's work together to keep the conversation civil.

Comments ( ) Sort: Newest UpVoted Oldest Discussed Down Voted closecomments

SIGN IN WITH

Or post without registration, trending stories.

Indian states with the highest number of UNESCO World Heritage Sites

7 scenic and underrated mountain getaways in India for October

5 ancient cities once considered myths that actually exist!

10 unmissable adventures for your Portugal itinerary

5 places in India that are akin to international dream destinations

• 8-day long 'Spectacular Saudi' event kickstarts in Mumbai with exclusive VIP showcase

Delhi to prepare for Odd-Even and artificial rain this winter; firecrackers ban to continue this year as well

24 hours in Srinagar: Places to cover and things to do

From around the web, popular galleries.

Follow us on

Latest news.

• The Pyramids of Giza are NOT the oldest pyramids in the world—this one is

Congratulations!

You have been successfully added to the mailing list of Times of India Travel. To complete the subscription process, kindly open your inbox and click on the confirmation link which has been emailed to you.

Share with friends

Thank You for sharing! Your friend will receive the article link on email mentioned.

• (For more than one recipient, type addresses separated by commas)

The River Ganga holds immense cultural, spiritual, and historical significance in India, and along its sacred waters lie numerous famous destinations. From pilgrimage sites to bustling cities, each de...

Holy Ganga: As it flows...

A photo essay and a multimedia documentary on the river Ganga (Ganges)... as it flows down from the Himalayas, through the plains of Northern India and finally merges with the Indian Ocean.

About My Project...

Thursday, March 28, 2013

• Kahalgaon: Plight of the fishing community there!

Monday, January 14, 2013

Bihar - how i started.

Wednesday, August 17, 2011

Dalmau, where holi is celebrated 3 days later.

Tuesday, March 15, 2011

Published in india new england (a publication from boston, usa).

Wednesday, February 9, 2011

Lord brahma idol ... there is one in garh mukteswar too.

Monday, December 6, 2010

Bhagirathi almost vanishes in uttarkashi....

Friday, November 5, 2010

Gangotri ... the first village that bhagirathi touches ....

Monday, August 23, 2010

Banaras... city of temples,.

Monday, June 7, 2010

Published in hindustan (national daily in india).

Tuesday, April 20, 2010

The atomic power plant and the strewn idols of deities at narora....

Sunday, January 3, 2010

Further plans... maha kumbh and back to science.

Wednesday, December 16, 2009

Purity of ganga water....

Wednesday, December 2, 2009

Garh mukteshwar...why do we blame the government only.

Tuesday, December 1, 2009

Haridwar... mighty ganga enters the plains.

Devprayag: The divine confluence...

Friday, November 20, 2009

Chromium... why has it to go into the ganga.

Wednesday, November 18, 2009

The historical and holy town of bithoor....

Tuesday, November 17, 2009

Kanpur... any story on river ganga is incomplete ....

Monday, November 16, 2009

Ganga changes its course near hastinapur.

Sunday, November 15, 2009

Rishikesh... as serene as ever....

Back from Tehri...

Friday, November 13, 2009

Tehri dam... are the locals really unhappy.

Towards Tehri via Devprayag

Thursday, November 12, 2009

Start off.

Thursday, September 24, 2009

I plan to take several trips to India in a span of coming few years, covering parts of Ganga in each trip with over 2500 km (1500 miles) in total. I am going to India on my first trip for the project this winter... and I will be blogging the story as it unfolds... please stay tuned.

Search this blog.

Welcome to my Blog

Get updates on your Desktop

Planned Route...

Please consider donating...

Sponsorship, planning to buy from amazon..., about me..., donors/ grants.

-(2008) Received a travel grant from Center for Digital Imaging Arts at Boston University

Related Links

• BBC on Ganga
• Times of India: Pure Ganga in 10 years, Centre promises SC
• Times of India: Ganga at Varanasi is no more
• Times of India: Free flow for Bhagirathi as govt shelves 2 dams in upper reaches
• CNN: Hindus urged to consider environment as they wash away sins

Blog Archive

• ►  January (1)
• ►  August (1)
• ►  March (1)
• ►  February (1)
• ►  December (1)
• ►  November (1)
• ►  June (2)
• ►  April (1)
• ►  December (4)
• ►  November (10)
• ►  September (1)

Number of visitors so far

Reviewing Dr Anjali Capila’s ‘A River Sings: The Ganga From Gangotri To Haridwar’

In this book, Dr Anjali Capila has presented the mystic to stage an academic discourse on the cultural dynamics of what is said and felt about the river Ganga by people living on her banks. She shares that this book has been written on the directive of the revered river Ganga herself.

Further, she reiterates that this journey she undertook along the routes following the river had a profound emotional effect on her. 

Mother Ganga: a sacred and mystic force of nature

Dr Capila owns a philosopher’s and observer’s eye and has documented songs and hymns sung by women living on the banks of the river Ganges. She uses a narrative and descriptive style as a methodology interviewing a gamut of population cohorts whose lives are deeply intertwined with the river.

Women, men, young adults (18-25 years of age) of the villages, priests, saints, musicians, journalists, school teachers, school pupils, people involved in theatre groups and NGO activists were the respondents for this research. These songs, anecdotes, folk tales, rituals, focus group discussions and in-depth interviews helped in deciphering the way these women position the sacred river Ganges in their lives; through sustenance, livelihood, spirituality, recreation, navigation and social activities. 

Dr. Capila was initially ignored by the riparian women when she asked them to sing and explain the words and phrases of their songs on the river. The women turned away this request justifying that a woman from the plains cannot relate to what the local mountain women sing.

The author shared that her drive to document and draft this ethnographic research-based book was fuelled by a dream she saw while asleep, where a woman in white appeared and said to her, “ Just like you listened to the songs of the women of Garhwal Himalayas, listen to the songs of this river too .” It turned out that women sing what Goddess Ganga asks them to sing, so they did not need convincing further as they too believed that Goddess Ganga asked for this book. The women said, “ Since the menfolk do not want to understand this connection, we sing in the forest as the trees listen and the clouds come down to give their homage to the words mother Ganga sings through us .”

These mystical undercurrents were understood to then be part of the “ Document the Riverine Culture ” project of the Indira Gandhi National Centre for The Arts (IGNCA) which supported Dr. Capila’s research for this book. This participatory research project was also the PhD thesis of Dr. Capila. The book therefore follows the academic format and structure of a doctoral thesis that has the introduction, methodology, locale, data collation in the format of findings, and data analysis section with a way forward chapter at the end. This documentation is about Himalayan Ganga folklore where the author along with her documentation team records that the river needs prompt and stringent action that would free her from the present age of commercial apathy resulting in pollution, ecological vulnerability and age-old cultural bondage steeped in mythology and patriarchy.

Riverine songs echo riparian women’s voices 

The book is conceptualised into five chapters each highlighting a central theme. The first chapter presents the voices of the river which delves into the mythological connection of the river and its journey of worship in various forms. Focussing on “ Ganga Avtran ” or the river’s descent, from heaven onto the earth many different tales are spun on how and why Ganga came to earth.

The more popular is the story of Bhagirath, who offered penance and sacrifices to request the river to flow through the mortal world to revive the ashes of the 6000 sons of his ancestor King Sagar or the ocean. Bhagirath led the opulent Ganga from the Himalayan peak to the ocean but only after Lord Shiva controlled her force by taming her on the thicket of these ascetic hair terraces. This is the taming of the life-giving resource or the mother river by Patriarchy, which is aware of the regenerative power of water, and binds this force within the male extension to make a norm that gets etched as an object and symbol of reverence and worship.

The Himalayan women in their songs catalogued and numbered in the book, question their mother, Ganga, “ How can you survive the cold, tied to the locked hair of Shiva .” The lyrics of the song show a deep understanding of the feminine energy which is resilient and gritty enough to survive the rugged terrain and inhospitable climate and continue to nurture the family by warmly feeding it as well as serving a community after being transported from her heaven to the land of mortality. The song reflects acceptance of the Indian woman being uprooted from her natal home and planted in the marital home where she ignores harsh actions to go on performing her duty unwaveringly and responsibly.

Another myth as cited by Dr. Capila states that Ganga is the source of water for the whole earth and she replenished the waters of the ocean after sage Agasthya had swallowed them. These innumerable references and legends from Hindu scriptures in which the river is an embodiment of a deity are referenced and translated in the first chapter. 

Chapters two and three emphasise the various festivals that are celebrated keeping the river Ganges as a locus and the relationship that women have with the holy river respectively. The narratives and songs from the field allowed the author to categorise these emergent themes which were made into thematic chapters. The author is witness to the year-round festivals praising and worshipping the glory of the Goddess Ganga across the 350 kilometres of the journey she travelled.

‘ Unhappy ‘ Ganga in the grasp of technology and capitalism

The subsequent chapters namely number four and five are a travelogue to transcribe and translate what the river narrates and adds essence through the human habitation living on its banks at the districts of Uttarkashi, Tehri Garhwal, Pauri Garhwal, Dehradun and Haridwar comprising the Bhagirathi Ganga Valley in the state of Uttarakhand. The author and her research team traversed many small locales, temple towns, cantonments, and villages beginning at Khadi and ending at Haridwar to hear people’s diverse voices and evidence of the state of the river across the changing geographies.

The impact that modern civilisation manifestations and technology have on the river’s fragile environmental balance has been explored in these chapters. The river is unhappy that her waters are dammed through barrages and hydropower projects that have made the flow of her sparkling high-oxygenated waters into stagnant slush that includes submerging vast tracts of land that has increased the susceptibility to landslides compromising her ecological integrity. The water of the river does not come from only the glaciers but through a network of smaller tributaries that connect the river laterally and from monsoon rainfall. Non-structural methods to retain her lateral connectivity can still reformat the exchange of energy, nutrients, and biota between terrestrial, wetlands to strengthen the river ecosystem.

Local people have a history of resistance to protect the river. The tree hugger or Chipko movement has been a more widely known movement than other local ways of organising and collectivising people to govern the natural resources that are fostered by the holy waters. Mortal life is said to have attained salvation if a person or a living entity dies with the flow of this river. The author speaks about women dying by suicide by jumping into the river when social norms and domestic violence sucks away their endurance and they succumb to their mental health state of feeling hopeless and dejected. It is symbolic in that mother Ganga accepts everyone in her embrace and stride, even the ones who have no place to go.

Case studies into the lives of mountain women depict the struggle that is put up against the extractive and non-restorative commercial interest. The flow of the water is celebrated through different festivals to challenge the winds of change by promoting a riverine culture that lives through an experience to give the right to the river to flow and thrive with a cosmo-centric worldview that shows up in parts through interviews and focus group discussions on revival of culture and reverence to uphold the dignity of the river.

The epilogue chapter presents the hope for understanding what the river sang and continues to convey in her manifestation of the hill woman’s sacred oneness in her everyday life. It conveys that the commercialisation of the mountain and the river; trivialisation of religion and culture is a deprecation of our self.   

A river runs through the socio-cultural milieu of Garhwal Himalayas

The unique documentation has evolved from the participation of local people who have gathered around the research team to represent the concerns of the river which have been washed away by the current development paradigm. The book depicts the journey of the team from Gaumukh (the river’s genesis from Gangotri glacier) to Haridwar not just in words but through photo documentation as well as freehand illustrations and sketches etching the beauty of the river and its ecosystem as a visual delight. The organic conservations especially of the women participants, the poems and native songs in local dialects have led to the unravelling of the thriving riverine socio-cultural milieu. Voices of the river is represented by women as well as men and children bringing forth their perspectives and ideologies, showcasing the symbiotic relationship they have with the river.

The religious and non-government organisations that facilitated contact with women and women’s groups were largely under the management of men, just like the river Ganga is managed by Shiva. The author does convey that the river and the women at her banks are stifled in the management of her regenerative energy, yet she has not utilised words like patriarchy as these perhaps were not used in the locale of the research area. Even without the use of words that were constructed to understand extraction, the author focussed on benevolence and the force of the river to convey the hope that will keep the river singing in times to come.

This book is a treasure trove for posterity; for anthropologists, sociologists, philosophers and common people, as it upholds, chronicles and interprets the various aspects of the intangible cultural heritage of the Garhwal Himalayan riverine civilisation, centring on the river Ganges.

thanks for this article..!!!!!

An interesting and valuable study. It is sad that though women are so integrally connected to the Ganga, they ,along with the river would be unhappy at the way things are turning out.Difficult to replenish all that we are losing. Thank you, Shivani.

Leave a Reply Cancel reply

Related posts.

‘Feminism For The 99%’: A Voice Of Hope Amidst Severe Despair

By Rohin Sarkar

‘The Other Side Of Silence’: Reading The Visible Gaps In The History Of Partition 

By Sarah Nautiyal

‘Tomorrow Someone Will Arrest You’ by Meena Kandasamy Is A Fire That Kindles Our Souls

By Moumita Alam

Ganges, Death of a river

• Photographer Giulio Di Sturco
• Prizes Gold in Editorial/Environmental

The Ganges River is a symbol of Indian civilization as old as Athens and Jerusalem, a source of poetry and legend, now on the brink of an ecological crisis. For centuries people have journeyed here to the heart of Hindu culture in India. Everyday food, marigolds and other religious offerings are set afloat across the Ganges. It is a common belief among Hindu pilgrims that the waters of the Ganges are so pure and holy that it is exempt from any harm and so it is not the duty of the pilgrims to worry about the consequences of their prayers turning into plagues; it is a task for the gods to worry about. Every year roughly 32000 corpses are cremated in Varanasi and around 200 tons of half burned flesh end up in the Ganges contaminating the waters and those who bathe in it. With the addition of rotting animal carcasses and non-biodegradable religious offerings, a foaming layer of scrum is often seen along some parts of the river. One of the biggest problems along the Ganges is raw sewage. As the populations of the big cities along the river expand, the complications of proper connections from toilets to drains manifest in the form of huge open sewers along the river. Sewage treatment plants are often not in working condition or simply cannot process the amount of waste coming in. Untreated waste flows freely adding to the toll of children who suffer and die from diarrhea everyday across the Ganges basin. Open-air defecation along the riverbank is a common sight. In some parts the water contains faecal coliform bacteria at half-a-million times the Indian recommended bathing limit. With the expansion of cities the demand for power has lead to the creation of mammoth hydroelectric dams. The leather factories of Kanpur have doubled in the last two decades and the city’s water treatment plant is unable to cope with the volume of waste. Chemical waste from tanneries afflicts farmers using the water with rashes, boils and numbness in the limbs. Water-borne and enteric diseases are increasingly common in populations along the river. These industrial zones choke the river like blood clots on a vein. India's green revolution transformed barren and forested land into heavily irrigated areas increasing the exploitation of water resources, including the vast groundwater aquifers of the Ganges basin. Fertilizers running off from fields seep in to the water heavily contaminating it. Water availability in the Ganges basin is highly dependent on the monsoon. Dramatic changes in climate due to global warming alter the timing, intensity and duration of the summer rainfall, significantly affecting the amount of water available to farmers. Salinity in the south of the river has lead to desertification in many areas in Bangladesh and India. The Ganges is already running dry in numerous places, and as weather patterns become irregular parts of the river simply cease to exist for periods of time, dramatically affecting the lives of people who depend on the river for their livelihoods and spiritual wellbeing. For more than six years I have documented the lives of the people who live along the river from the roaring icy waters in the Himalayas down its murky end in the Bay of Bengal. Witnessing first hand the devastating effects of climate change, industrialization and urbanization. For much of what I have seen, echoes of the River Rhine and the Chicago River ring loud like an impossible dream for the river goddess of the east. The Ganges is a place to live, worship and die. The water may be dirty now but Ganga Mata-Ji is still pure in the hearts of many Hindus whose bones, for the first time in generations, may not be destined to make corals under the holy waters of the Ganges.

• Privacy Overview
• Strictly Necessary Cookies

This website uses cookies so that we can provide you with the best user experience possible. Cookie information is stored in your browser and performs functions such as recognising you when you return to our website and helping our team to understand which sections of the website you find most interesting and useful.

Strictly Necessary Cookie should be enabled at all times so that we can save your preferences for cookie settings.

If you disable this cookie, we will not be able to save your preferences. This means that every time you visit this website you will need to enable or disable cookies again.

Advertisement

• India News /
• New Uttarakhand CM prays to Holy Ganga for people’s well-being

Published 18:53 IST, March 11th 2021

Rawat said it was the first ‘shahi snan’ at Haridwar Kumbh and to make it special, all the sages and saints were showered with flowers.

• Listen to this article

18:53 IST, March 11th 2021