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Simplex Problem Solving Process by Marino Basadur

Basadur Simplex Problem Solving Process: this article provides you with a practical explanation of the Basadur Simplex Problem Solving Process , developed by Marino Sidney Basadur . Besides what it is, this article also highlights the three basic phases of the process, the eight steps for flooring this cycle. After reading you will understand the basics of this powerful and creative problem solving method. Enjoy reading!

What is the Basadur Simplex Problem Solving Process?

Problems come in all shapes and sizes. The important thing is that they can be solved. Before acting to solve problems, however, it is very important to first identify the problem in question.

Still, the most important steps in the process of problem solving are often overlooked, meaning that good solutions are not found, or even that problems are not identified correctly.

The Basadur Simplex Problem Solving Process is a problem-solving method that is aware of that, and prevents such mistakes from being made. This model was developed by the American creativity guru Marino (Min) Sidney Basadur , who presented the method in his book ‘ the Power of Innovation ’.

He was also the inventor of the patented Simplexity Thinking System. The Basadur Simplex Problem Solving Process works in steps during which problem-solving groups are given the opportunity to come up with creative solutions.

By following the Basadur Simplex Problem Solving Process, they can diagnose the problem more easily and then suggest and implement solutions.

Basadur Simplex Problem Solving Process: three Phases

The Basadur Simplex Problem Solving Process consists of three phases, subdivided into eight steps:

Phase 1 of the Simplex Problem Solving Process: Problem formulation

This first phase is about the first three steps of the Basadur Simplex Problem Solving Process, namely problem finding , fact finding , and problem definition .

Only then can the problem be formulated correctly. When it’s clear what the problem is, you can look at where in the organisation this problem has its origins.

Phase 2: Solution formulation

After the focus on the description of the problem, the Basadur Simplex Problem Solving Process switches to the second phase of finding possible solutions.

The following steps are involved; finding ideas that can lead to a solution and selecting and evaluation those ideas. This phase is about coming up with as many creative ideas as possible that might lead to solutions.

Phase 3: Implementing the solution

When the solution to a problem is close, the third and final phase follows. It contains the final three steps of the Basadur Simplex Problem Solving Process; planning all actions that need to be taken, creating support and engagement for the solution among all employees, and then take action and implement it .

In this phase it’s important that the solution be prepared thoroughly. Implementing the solution should then be done in a professional manner. There also has to be room for flexibility, so the solution can be adapted if needed after implementation.

Figure 1 – Simplex Problem Solving Process Cycle (Basadur, 1995)

Basadur Simplex Problem Solving Process : eight Steps

Step 1: problem finding.

For this step it’s a good idea not to look for solutions right away; first the problem has to be made clear, as well as its symptoms. The cause is identified later. In this step, you look for the what customers and suppliers want and need, for instance, but employees too. Unlike many other problem-solving methods, in the Basadur Simplex Problem Solving Process the problem is not yet known when the first step is taken. Secondary questions can be used to accelerate the first step, for example:

• What tips for improvement would our customers give us?
• How would customers respond if we would communicate better?
• What is not going well in customer service right now?

Step 2: Fact finding

This step involves gathering information related to the current situation and possibly the problem. Step 1 identified the symptoms of the problem. Based on that, facts have to be gathered. What does the organisation already know about the problem in question? The gathered facts have to be assessed and evaluated. The most relevant facts will play a role in the following steps. Again, secondary questions may be helpful, such as:

• What are some of the complaints we received over the last year?
• How do customers see the problem?
• What solutions have already been attempted?
• What proposals for improvement are there?

Step 3: Problem definition

The problem area is known, so now the specific problem definition can be made. It’s important to explain the problem in a way that’s not too broad, but not too narrow either. Many ‘why’ questions help to get an idea of the bigger picture. The facts chosen can help describe the problem. The following example shows how:

• Question: ‘Why do we want to improve our customer service?’
• Answer: ‘Because customers are currently being sent back and forth between different points of contact. They want a regular contact person who knows what’s going on.’

The problem definition is about the customer service department that does not connect customers to the right person in most cases.

Step 4: Solution finding

Within the Basadur Simplex Problem Solving Process, this step is about a wide range of ideas that might offer a solution. Departments and individual employees play an important role in this. It might be a good idea to set up a project group to come up with creative solutions.

Such brainstorming sessions aren’t intended to criticise each other’s ideas. That would hamper the creative process. This step will result in a number of potential options that might solve the problem.

Step 5: Selection and evaluation

The ideas that have been obtained are now examined more closely. The goal is to decide which idea is best for solving the problem. It’s a good idea to first generate a number of evaluation criteria, allowing for an objective evaluation. The idea that meets these criteria the most is usually the best solution to the problem.

Here secondary questions can also speed up the process, for instance:

• What will be the impact of the chosen solution?
• Are there any costs associated with the chosen solution?
• How much time and effort will it take to implement the solution?

Step 6: Planning

Now that a choice has been made, it’s time for an action plan . In short that means making clear who does what, allowing everyone to work toward the solution. A small number of actions is usually enough to solve minor problems. Formal project management would be a better choice in the case of more significant problems.

Step 7: Generating engagement

It might seem superfluous, but it’s important to consider employee engagement throughout the entire process.

Only when they have accepted the solution will they make an effort to bring everything to a good conclusion. Solutions to problems often involve changes.

It’s usually difficult for employees to change their work habits. That’s why they have to be made aware of the negative impact of the problem and the value of the changes.

Step 8: Taking action

Only when sufficient support has been secured, can the action plan be implemented.

This step deserves as much attention as the other ones; after all, if the plan is not followed, the problem won’t be solved. It’s also smart to evaluate along the way and check if the problem has become noticeably smaller.

The Basadur Simplex Problem Solving Process: cyclical process

The Basadur Simplex Problem Solving Process is a simple but powerful problem-solving model. However, it’s not a linear process; it’s a cyclical process. That means that there is room for continuous improvement.

That’s why the Basadur Simplex Problem Solving Process is often compared to Deming’s PDCA cycle ; plan, do, check, act.

It’s Your Turn

What do you think? Do you recognize the explanation of the simplex process? Are you familiar with the different phases and steps of this model? How do you apply the Simplex process within your organization? Do you have any tips or additions?

Share your experience and knowledge in the comments box below.

More information about the Simplex Problem Solving Process

• Basadur, M. (1995). The power of innovation: How to make innovation a way of life and put creative solutions to work . Financial Times Management.
• Basadur, M. (1998). The Basadur Simplex creative problem-solving profile inventory: Development, reliability and validity .
• Basadur, M. I. N., Runco, M. A., & VEGAxy, L. A. (2000). Understanding how creative thinking skills, attitudes and behaviors work together: A causal process model . The Journal of Creative Behavior, 34(2), 77-100.

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Original publication date: 06/25/2019 | Last update: 06/12/2024

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Patty Mulder

Patty Mulder is an Dutch expert on Management Skills, Personal Effectiveness and Business Communication. She is also a Content writer, Business Coach and Company Trainer and lives in the Netherlands (Europe). Note: all her articles are written in Dutch and we translated her articles to English!

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• Simplex Process

What is the Simplex Process?

The Simplex Process is a Problem Solving Method that Proposes 8 Steps to Find Lasting Solutions to any Problem .

The 8 Steps Proposed by the Simplex Process are:

• Problem Finding .
• Fact Finding .
• Problem Definition .
• Idea Finding .
• Selection .
• Sell the Idea .

These Steps must be Repeated until the Problem is Resolved .

The 8 steps of the Simplex Process

1 . Problem Finding : Identify the Issue to be Solved.

• What is causing Trouble.

2. Fact Finding : Collect as much data as you can, about the Problem.

• How Often, When, How and under what Circumstances it occurs.

3. Problem Definition : Define The Root Cause of the Problem.

• What’s Causing it to happen and Why.

4. Idea Finding : Explore Different Alternatives to Solve the Problem.

• They should be Durable Solutions, rather than Temporary Patches.

5. Selection : Choose the Final Idea; the One that would Best Solve the Problem.

• Maximizing results and Minimizing the necessary Resources.

6. Planning : Define How the Final Idea will be Implemented.

• What Steps, Resources and Players will be Necessary.

7. Sell the Idea : Explain the Idea to those from whom you will need Help.

• Especially, if you don’t have the Authority to implement it on your own.

8. Action : Implement the Final Idea.

• Use Metrics to Track Progress with Objective data.

Repeat this Cycle until the Problem is Solved .

Now, let’s see the first example:

Simplex Process example

Do you think you always follow this Process when you have a Problem?

Does it seem obvious to you?

Think about your last Mobile Phone :

How do you decide that you need a new Mobile phone?

As soon as you see that it starts working slower, you probably think:

• “ It has become old. I need a new one “.

You surely don’t think about all the Root Causes that may be slowing Down your Phone .

• Too many Apps.
• Too many Pictures.

What happens if, on the contrary, you use the Simplex Process?

• You are forced to Study the Problem .
• You are forced to Identify the Root Cause .
• You have to Propose different Alternatives .
• You have to Implement the Actions.
• You have to Check if the Problem is Resolved.

You wouldn’t change your phone that often .

This is a simple example of How, even if this Method seems Obvious, we don’t use it .

People rarely think much about a Root Cause that they haven’t seen before .

Few People Really sit down and look for Unexpected Root Causes.

Few People really Wonder Why a Problem is Occurring.

People tend to settle for the First explanation found .

• And that is why this method is important.

We’ll share a Practical example with you , so that you understand How it can be used.

Simplex Process examples

Let’s imagine you own a Restaurant with a Partner .

Recently, you have noticed that you have fewer Clients .

• And you don’t know Why.

Therefore, you decide to use the Simplex Process to Find out what is happening.

Let’s begin:

Problem Finding - Simplex Process example

First, you decide to compare the number of Clients you have with those you had one and two years ago .

• In case you have a Seasonal decrease.

You conclude that your Customer Decline is not Seasonal.

You are losing Clients.

Fact Finding - Simplex Process example

Once you have confirmed that you do indeed have a Decrease in Customers, you decide to collect more Data .

Then, You check What reviews your Clients have posted on the Internet .

• An extremely valuable tool that can save you a lot of time.

Then, to be sure that there is a Correlation between what they say and their Consumption , you check:

• What your Clients Order Now.
• What they used to Order.
• The evolution of their Reviews.

Problem Definition - Simplex Process example

You have found what appears to be the Root Cause of your Problem:

• Your Clients think that your Menu is too ambiguous .

You have good Dishes , but you can’t offer High quality in everything  you offer .

• One of the two options won’t be as good as the other.

You have checked the Orders and, they confirm the Reviews:

• Ribs, Burgers and Baked Potatoes.

Idea Finding - Simplex Process example

After careful analysis, you come up with the following Alternatives :

• Dividing the Restaurant into two separate Areas with different Specialties.
• Hiring an Expert Chef to improve your less popular Dishes .
• Focus on your best Dishes .

Selection - Simplex Process example

Finally, you decide that the best option you have is to Focus on your Best Dishes .

This Idea is:

• The most Cost effective .
• The Easiest to Implement.
• Based on Real Results ; Your Clients actually love your Ribs and Burgers.

This way, you’ll be even more Focused on your Specialties and they will be even better .

You will Offer:

• Different types of Ribs.
• Different Sauces.
• Burgers with different meats.

Your Diversity will be Focused on your Best Dishes .

• Using the Simplex Process.

Planning - Simplex Process example

Then, you Plan what must be done :

• Decide what Dishes will be offered.
• Modify the Menu.
• Create a Marketing Campaign to let People Know that the Restaurant has updated its Offering.
• Modify the Interior of the Restaurant (decoration)

Sell Idea - Simplex Process example

Your Partner has to Agree in this Decision.

But, as this Idea involves practically no investment , your Partner agrees immediately .

Perhaps, in the future, if your Idea is Successful, you’ll need to Expand the Kitchen or add a Larger Barbecue.

You decide to communicate these changes to the Chefs and the Staff to hear their opinion .

• The Old Menu was very Confusing for them.

Action - Simplex Process example

Finally, you Start Implementing the Idea .

In 2 weeks you have the Final menu and the Marketing Campaign working.

At the End of each Month , you’ll check your Progress in case you have to Repeat the Simplex Process Again .

• Adding a New Item.
• Improving the Quality of your Menu.
• Updating the Prices.
• Offering New Promotions.

Your main Metrics will be:

• The amount of Clients you have (of course).
• The Reviews on the Internet.
• The Dishes they order.
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simplex method

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• Mathematics LibreTexts - Simplex Method
• The University of Texas at Dallas - Atlas Service Portal - The Simplex Method in Tabular Form
• Iowa State University - The Simplex Method

simplex method , standard technique in linear programming for solving an optimization problem, typically one involving a function and several constraints expressed as inequalities. The inequalities define a polygonal region, and the solution is typically at one of the vertices. The simplex method is a systematic procedure for testing the vertices as possible solutions.

Some simple optimization problems can be solved by drawing the constraints on a graph. However, this method is useful only for systems of inequalities involving two variables. In practice, problems often involve hundreds of equations with thousands of variables, which can result in an astronomical number of extreme points. In 1947 George Dantzig , a mathematical adviser for the U.S. Air Force, devised the simplex method to restrict the number of extreme points that have to be examined. The simplex method is one of the most useful and efficient algorithms ever invented, and it is still the standard method employed on computers to solve optimization problems.

First, the method assumes that an extreme point is known. (If no extreme point is given, a variant of the simplex method, called Phase I, is used to find one or to determine that there are no feasible solutions.) Next, using an algebraic specification of the problem, a test determines whether that extreme point is optimal. If the test for optimality is not passed, an adjacent extreme point is sought along an edge in the direction for which the value of the objective function increases at the fastest rate. Sometimes one can move along an edge and make the objective function value increase without bound. If this occurs, the procedure terminates with a prescription of the edge along which the objective goes to positive infinity . If not, a new extreme point is reached having at least as high an objective function value as its predecessor. The sequence described is then repeated. Termination occurs when an optimal extreme point is found or the unbounded case occurs. Although in principle the necessary steps may grow exponentially with the number of extreme points, in practice the method typically converges on the optimal solution in a number of steps that is only a small multiple of the number of extreme points.

To illustrate the simplex method, consider the example of a factory producing two products, x 1 and x 2 . If the profit on the second type is twice that on the first, then x 1 + 2 x 2 represents the total profit. The function x 1 + 2 x 2 is known as the objective function.

Clearly, the profit will be highest if the factory devotes its entire production capacity to making the second type of commodity. In a practical situation, however, this may not be possible; a set of constraints is introduced by such factors as availability of machine time, labour, and raw materials. For example, if the second type of commodity requires a raw material that is limited so that no more than five can be made in any batch, then x 2 must be less than or equal to five; i.e., x 2 ≤ 5. If the first commodity requires another type of material limiting it to eight per batch, then x 1 ≤ 8. If x 1 and x 2 take equal time to make and the machine time available allows a maximum of 10 to be made in a batch, then x 1 + x 2 must be less than or equal to 10; i.e., x 1 + x 2 ≤ 10.

Two other constraints are that x 1 and x 2 must each be greater than or equal to zero, because it is impossible to make a negative number of either; i.e., x 1 ≥ 0 and x 2 ≥ 0. The problem is to find the values of x 1 and x 2 for which the profit is a maximum. Any solution can be denoted by a pair of numbers ( x 1 , x 2 ); for example, if x 1 = 3 and x 2 = 6, the solution is (3, 6). These numbers can be represented by points plotted on two axes, as shown in the figure . On this graph the distance along the horizontal axis represents x 1 and that along the vertical represents x 2 . Because of the constraints given above, the feasible solutions must lie within a certain well-defined region of the graph. For example, the constraint x 1 ≥ 0 means that points representing feasible solutions lie on or to the right of the x 2 axis. Similarly, the constraint x 2 ≥ 0 means that they also lie on or above the x 1 axis . Application of the entire set of constraints gives the feasible solution set, which is bounded by a polygon formed by the intersection of the lines x 1 = 0, x 2 = 0, x 1 = 8, x 2 = 5, and x 1 + x 2 = 10. For example, production of three items of commodity x 1 and four of x 2 is a feasible solution since the point (3, 4) lies in this region. To find the best solution, however, the objective function x 1 + 2 x 2 = k is plotted on the graph for some value of k , say k = 4. This value is indicated by the broken line in the figure. As k is increased, a family of parallel lines are produced, and the line for k = 15 just touches the constraint set at the point (5, 5). If k is increased further, the values of x 1 and x 2 will lie outside the set of feasible solutions. Thus, the best solution is that in which equal quantities of each commodity are made. It is no coincidence that an optimal solution occurs at a vertex, or “extreme point,” of the region. This will always be true for linear problems, although an optimal solution may not be unique. Thus, the solution of such problems reduces to finding which extreme point (or points) yields the largest value for the objective function.

In the simplex method, the problem is first put into canonical form by converting the linear inequalities into equalities by introducing “slack variables” x 3 ≥ 0 (so that x 1 + x 3 = 8), x 4 ≥ 0 (so that x 2 + x 4 = 5), x 5 ≥ 0 (so that x 1 + x 2 + x 5 = 10), and the variable x 0 for the value of the objective function (so that x 1 + 2 x 2 − x 0 = 0). The problem may then be restated as that of finding nonnegative quantities x 1 , …, x 5 and the largest possible x 0 satisfying the resulting equations. One obvious solution is to set the objective variables x 1 = x 2 = 0, which corresponds to the extreme point at the origin. If one of the objective variables is increased from zero while the other one is fixed at zero, the objective value x 0 will increase as desired (subject to the slack variables satisfying the equality constraints). The variable x 2 produces the largest increase of x 0 per unit change; so it is used first. Its increase is limited by the nonnegativity requirement on the variables. In particular, if x 2 is increased beyond 5, x 4 becomes negative.

At x 2 = 5, this situation produces a new solution—( x 0 , x 1 , x 2 , x 3 , x 4 , x 5 ) = (10, 0, 5, 8, 0, 5)—that corresponds to the extreme point (0, 5) in the figure. The system of equations is put into an equivalent form by solving for the nonzero variables x 0 , x 2 , x 3 , x 5 in terms of those variables now at zero; i.e., x 1 and x 4 . Thus, the new objective function is x 1 − 2 x 4 = −10, while the constraints are x 1 + x 3 = 8, x 2 + x 4 = 5, and x 1 − x 4 + x 5 = 5. It is now apparent that an increase of x 1 while holding x 4 equal to zero will produce a further increase in x 0 . The nonnegativity restriction on x 3 prevents x 1 from going beyond 5. The new solution—( x 0 , x 1 , x 2 , x 3 , x 4 , x 5 ) = (15, 5, 5, 3, 0, 0)—corresponds to the extreme point (5, 5) in the figure. Finally, since solving for x 0 in terms of the variables x 4 and x 5 (which are currently at zero value) yields x 0 = 15 − x 4 − x 5 , it can be seen that any further change in these slack variables will decrease the objective value. Hence, an optimal solution exists at the extreme point (5, 5).

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The Simplex Process – A Robust Creative Problem-Solving Process

Tuesday reading.

To some extent, and more so for some than others, we are all problem solvers.  Most of the time we use ad hoc, informal, personal processes to solve problems.  And, these often work at the “good enough” level.  However, sometimes we miss good solutions, and even fail to identify the problem correctly in the first place.

Today's reading focuses on an eight-step, problem-solving process, the Simplex Process, created by Min Basadur and presented in his book, “The Power of Innovation.”  The reading itself is a description of the process – “ The Simplex Process – Problem Solving Training ” – from the Mindtools website.  [Please note that many of the document’s embedded links take you to the fee-based, Members Only section of this website.  I’ve found other good references to these topics in Wikipedia and elsewhere on the web.]

The Simplex Process is a simple, yet powerful method for solving problems and executing projects of any scale.  The process, instead of being represented as a single, straight-line process is represented as a circle.  This reminds us of the importance of continuous improvement, both to us and to our clients.

The Eight Steps

1.  Problem Finding:  Often the problem is obvious.  But, sometimes the obvious problem we see addresses the symptoms and not the root cause.  So, it’s helpful to stop before jumping into solution mode to ask some questions:

     - what would our customers what us to improve?

     - what could clients do better if we could help them?

    - what’s failing in the process?

2, Fact Finding:  What do I know about the issue?

     - collect and analyze the data?

     - how do different people see the problem?

     - what solutions have been tried?

     - what would be the benefits?

     -  ...

3.  Problem Definition:  Now that you understand the problem area, you can define the specific issue you are going to address.  You need to get the issue bounded appropriately.  Too broad and you’ll not have either the time or the resources to address the issue effectively.  Too narrow and you may only address the symptoms.  Basadur suggests asking “Why?” to explore broadening a question and “What’s stopping you?” to narrow one.

4.  Idea Finding:  Here you generate problem solving ideas.  Talk with your team and your colleagues.  Use focus groups or brain storming.  This is a step of generating ideas, not of analyzing or critiquing them.

5.  Evaluation and Selection:  In this step, you evaluate the ideas that have been developed and choose one to take forward.  That choice might be very obvious.  If not, you evaluate the options:

     - is the option consistent with the desired future state and strategies being pursued

     - what will be the impact of the solution

     - what will be the cost of the solution

     - does the benefit justify the cost

6.  Planning:  Once you’ve made a choice, it’s time to plan the implementation.  For solving small problems or executing small projects, a set of action steps, like the IT Leaders Program uses for setting personal goals, may be adequate.  Larger problems or projects will benefit from using a more formal project management approach.

7.  Sell the Idea:  If you have not already done so, now is the time to let the stakeholders associated with your idea in or what you and your team are up to.  (This may be an appropriate time to flip back to the pages in your Leaders Program workbook to the discussion there about stakeholder communication.  Since larger solutions will involve culture, internal politics, and change, you may want to scan those topics as well.)

8.  Action:  Now that you have finished your preparation, it’s time to get to work on the solution.  Here’s where the careful thinking and planning pays off with a faster, less eventful solution.

Although following these eight simple steps may seem laborious, my experience is that it pays off even for simple problems.  Think of these steps as a plan, a simple check list:

1.  What is the perceived problem?

2.  What is the data associated with the problem?

3.  What problem am I actually going to solve?

4.  What options are available?

5.  Which option do I choose?

7.  Who are the stakeholders?  Get them on board.

8.  Solve the problem and deliver the solution.

The next time you take on a project or have a problem to solve, think of giving this approach a try.  I believe that you will find it helpful.

. .  .  .    jim

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The Simplex Method

• First Online: 20 August 2021

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• David G. Luenberger 6 &
• Yinyu Ye 6  

Part of the book series: International Series in Operations Research & Management Science ((ISOR,volume 228))

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The idea of the simplex method is to proceed from one basic feasible solution (that is, one extreme point) of the constraint set of a problem in standard form to another, in such a way as to continually improve the value of the objective function until an optimum is reached. The results of Chap. 2 assure us that it is sufficient to consider only basic feasible solutions in our search for an optimal feasible solution. The results of Chap. 3 establish a termination criterion and provide a dual certificate for a basic feasible solution to be optimal. This chapter demonstrates that an efficient method for moving among basic feasible solutions to the optimum can be constructed. Moreover, we obtain both optimal primal and optimal dual solutions upon the termination, or show that either the primal or the dual is infeasible.

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Luenberger, D.G., Ye, Y. (2021). The Simplex Method. In: Linear and Nonlinear Programming. International Series in Operations Research & Management Science, vol 228. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85450-8_4

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A framework for creative problem-solving, a pathway to innovation.

Do you have an innovation process do you approach problems from different viewpoints do your teams collaborate fully are your teams able to creatively generate new ideas, what is the basadur innovative process, the basadur innovation process is an innovative thinking & creative problem solving process that separates innovation into clearly-defined steps, to take you from initial problem-finding right through to implementing the solutions you’ve created.  , its beauty is that it enables everyone to participate in an unbiased, open-minded way., in the absence of negativity, people can think clearly and logically, building innovation confidence . a wide range of ideas can be proposed and the best ones selected, refined and executed in a spirit of openness and collaboration. , “that’s a great idea, but…”, how often have you heard this phrase in most group decision-making processes, ideas are killed off before they’ve even got off the ground. with the basadur process on the other hand, judgment is deferred. put simply, opinions on ideas don’t get in the way of ideas., how the innovative & creative problem solving process works.

The Basadur Process takes the four Profile stages and breaks them into two, for eight steps in total. As teams of Generators, Conceptualizers, Optimizers and Implementers work together, the process ensures any given task is worked through extremely efficiently in a mindset that accelerates creativity.

Everything moves ahead in the knowledge that problems are mutually understood and proper criteria have been applied, making the plan of action arrived at not just the most innovative one, but the correct one.

What are the steps?

Step 1: problem finding.

This step involves actively anticipating and seeking out problems , opportunities and possibilities. It requires a certain mindset: one that sees problems as things requiring a pro-active approach to resolve. It’s very important to keep an open mind and not assume that things can or can’t be done. We use the term ‘fuzzy situations’ to emphasise this point – that problems can be positives not negatives, and can open new doors.

Step 2: Fact Finding

This step involves finding and gathering information related to a fuzzy situation. Ways to help make a problem less fuzzy include seeking out relevant facts from several viewpoints, being aware of unconscious assumptions, avoiding negative attitudes towards ‘problems’ , listening to others, saying what you think, searching for the truth rather than personal opinions, and using different lines of questioning.

Step 3: Problem Definition

Define a problem accurately and objectively and you really open up the possibilities so that breakthroughs can occur. So this step involves defining the fuzzy situation with understanding, insight and clarity. People skilled at doing it view problems from different angles and define them in new ways. In doing so they uncover fresh challenges, even that a problem as first perceived may not be the problem at all, and that the real issue lies elsewhere.

Step 4: Idea Finding

This step is where ideas are created in order to solve the defined problem. Skilled idea finders are never content with a single good idea. They continue to look for more and better ideas, and are able to build on half-formed and other people’s ideas. Seemingly radical, even ‘impossible’ ideas can be fine-tuned to turn them into workable solutions. The most promising ideas are selected for evaluation and further development into practical solutions.

Step 5: Evaluate & Select

This step involves converting selected ideas into practical solutions. People who are good at it consider many different criteria in order to view ideas in an unbiased light. They avoid leaping to conclusions based on a single criterion or unrelated hidden motives. Interesting but imperfect solutions are creatively improved, then re-evaluated.

Step 6: Plan

Planning means devising specific measures so that a solution can be successfully implemented. People skilled at it can see the end result in a concrete way. This motivates other people to join in and help the plan along.

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This is where solutions and plans gain acceptance. Bear in mind that even the best of them can be scuttled by resistance to change. People skilled in this area of innovative thinking are good at showing others how a particular solution benefits them, and how potential problems can be minimised through continuous revision and improvement of the solution.

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The Basadur Innovative Process actually has a 9th step. Since any solution automatically changes a given situation, new problems, opportunities and possibilities come to light. Thus we’re back to Step 1 of the innovation & creative problem solving process.

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Improve Your Problem-Solving Skills – Steps, Processes & Technique

When you are faced with a problem, how do you go about solving it? Do you let it overwhelm you, or do you flex your problem-solving muscles and figure out the best possible solution?

People who allow themselves to be overwhelmed or ignore complex problems often become frantic and confused. They usually take a haphazard approach to thinking, and then they are dismayed when they find themselves floundering and making no progress.

Luckily, there is a much better way.

I’d like to introduce you to a problem-solving process that can help you face and tackle any type of challenge. With these 10 problem-solving strategies, you will strengthen your ability to always find a solution while enabling yourself to see real progress.

Once you begin to execute these problem-solving  techniques, you will feel confident to face a problem right away.

What Are Problem-Solving Skills?

Problem-solving skills involve identifying a problem, coming up with possible solutions, choosing an appropriate solution, and then implementing it.

Often, there is more than one correct solution to a problem. But frequently, you are looking for the best solution that applies to your particular circumstance.

For instance, possible solutions to losing weight include eating less, adding healthier foods to your diet, walking 30 minutes a day, swimming three times a week, training for a 5K race, drinking more water, and many other effective solutions.

Your job is to find the solution that will work best for you and give you the most success.

Good problem-solving skills are essential in all areas of your life because we encounter problems to solve in one form or another nearly every day, from small things like getting stuck in traffic to major events like being diagnosed with a chronic illness.

A problem can be defined in one of two ways:

“Any question or matter involving doubt, uncertainty, or difficulty; a question proposed for solution or discussion.”

The Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning explains that a problem:

“…is generally considered to be a task, a situation, or person which is difficult to deal with or control due to complexity and transparency. In everyday language, a problem is a question proposed for a solution, a matter stated for examination or proof.”

In short, a problem is something that’s hard to deal with and needs to be solved.

Examples of common problems in the workplace might include:

• Lack of motivation or boredom
• Discrimination
• Conflict with a boss or coworkers
• Performance issues
• Burnout or stress
• Bad working conditions

Or maybe you’re dealing with problems in your personal life. For example:

• A strained marriage or divorce
• Financial worries
• Health issues
• Grief over the death of loved ones
• Issues your children are experiencing
• A decision to move, change jobs, or get an education

No matter what you’re facing, it’s important to actively cultivate your creative thinking and learn problem-solving techniques. 

When you’re able to solve problems effectively, you will enjoy greater satisfaction in life. Your relational skills will improve, and your problem-solving abilities will make you highly valuable in the workplace.

The Importance of Solving Problems

We solve problems daily in all aspects of life. People who are good problem solvers are more likely to be successful in getting around obstacles and achieving their desired end result.

What’s more, solving complex problems doesn’t only help change your external circumstances. You’ll also feel happier and more confident in yourself, knowing you can solve future problems.  

Problem-solving allows you to:

• Fix things that are broken
• Address risk
• Improve performance
• Seize opportunity
• Lower stress and anxiety
• Prevent more serious consequences

Having a problem-solving strategy will make you more attractive to hiring managers. In many cases, you might be asked in a job interview about your problem-solving skills. 

It’s smart to think of an example ahead of time–a problem that came up at your last job and how you solved it–so you’ll be prepared. You can also mention the soft skills listed above: 

“My communication skills, flexibility, and ability to think outside the box help me deal with problems in a timely manner.”

The more you practice effective problem-solving techniques, the better you will get at solving problems and the more reliable and trustworthy you will become in your field as well as in your personal life.

Understanding the Problem-Solving Process

When you’re setting out to solve a problem, what should you do first?

While there is no one-size-fits-all approach to problem-solving, there is a general framework that you can use to help solve problems.

The problem-solving process is often broken down into seven steps:

• Identify the issue and its root cause
• Understand every angle of the problem
• List possible solutions
• Evaluate the options
• Choose an option
• Evaluate the results

I’ll explain this process and each of these steps, plus a few bonus steps. I’ll also share some further problem-solving strategies so you are well-equipped with solution-finding techniques that you can apply to various situations.

The important thing to understand now, though, is that you can use a structured process to improve problem-solving skills. You don’t have to shoot in the dark–simply follow the steps listed in this process.

Problem-Solving Skills

What kind of skills should you cultivate to become a better problem-solver?

You can also work on things like your communication skills, analytical skills, and other key skills in life that will make you a better problem solver. These soft skills go hand in hand with being able to come up with solutions quickly.

Focus on the following:

Brainstorming

This is a method of free-thinking used to generate ideas that involve thinking of a long list of possible solutions without making an initial judgment about how effective they might be. You can brainstorm with a group of people or on your own.

Data gathering

Collecting information related to the issue is a vital problem-solving tool as the more information you have about the root cause and contributing factors to a problem, the easier it will be to find solutions that work. Fact-finding can come from interviewing people involved, researching related problems, reading documents, analyzing data, and more.

Creative thinking

When you’re a creative thinker, you’re able to look at a complex problem or an everyday problem and think of unique, original solutions. Your ability to come up with creative solutions will make you more marketable as well as more successful in meeting complex problems head-on.

Communication

Having communication skills is essential to work with others to solve problems. You need to not only be able to express your thoughts clearly and concisely without causing offense or contention, but you also need to be able to listen to others as they express their views until everyone is on the same page.

Like communication skills, teamwork involves being able to work collectively with others to apply problem-solving strategies. Often, two heads are better than one, and the wisdom you gain from collective intelligence will make identifying underlying causes and finding solutions much easier.

Analyzing involves being able to break up a complex problem into smaller parts so you can examine and evaluate it to understand the problem better. 

You may find the root cause of the problem as well as contributing factors. Ill-defined problems are difficult to solve, so it is important to be able to apply problem analysis to any issue you are dealing with.

Time management

Time-management skills help you avoid procrastination and spending time on unnecessary tasks. 

You can develop good time management skills by setting goals, making daily to-do lists, prioritizing your tasks, and reducing or eliminating distractions.

Troubleshooting

Troubleshooting is applying a step-by-step process to find the cause of a problem and then working your way to different solutions. 

Common, well-defined problems, such as those that occur in the computer science field or automotive industry, may have a preset list of troubleshooting steps to follow. 

Other problems will require you to develop a troubleshooting process as you go. Troubleshooting skills make you a valuable asset to any team.

When you take initiative, you do not wait for others to tell you what to do. You see a need and seek to fill that need. Often, by taking initiative, you can address an issue before a problem occurs. 

One example in the workplace would be to sign up for training that will keep you up to date on the newest developments in your industry.

Flexibility

Being flexible is an important tool you will use to solve problems. It’s an essential skill in all aspects of your life. When you are too rigid, you often are not able to see creative solutions and different strategies that can help make your life easier. 

There is often more than one good way to solve the same problem, and being open-minded will help you move from your existing beliefs to other effective ways of solving problems.

I know this is a long list, but you don’t have to do everything at once.

Even more, chances are you’ve already picked up some of these skills in your daily life without even realizing it. Keeping these skills in mind as you practice solving problems will help you become better at not only solution-finding but at everything you do.

10 Steps to Solving a Problem

In this 10-step problem-solving process, I’ll walk you through how to identify and implement the right solution to the problem at hand. In learning these steps, you will develop your critical thinking and elevate your problem-solving skills.

1. Take a Positive Approach

When a problem arises, it’s easy to enter panic mode or envision worst-case scenarios. Before you let your mind go there, take a step back and address every problem as simply another situation.

It is a challenge that you can handle, with the right approach. Part of that approach is thinking positively and creatively about the situation.

When figuring out ways to use creative thinking for problem-solving, I like to explore  how geniuses solve challenges . They think outside the box, keep an open mind, and take a systematic approach.

It all starts with thinking positively about the problem.

One problem-solving strategy I like to use is to think of it as a situation, not a problem.

Problems are a fact of life; you can’t control when or how they occur, but you can control your attitude. The more positive your language and mental process are, the more confident and optimistic you will be when approaching any complication.

How can you develop a more positive outlook on life? This mindset shift can take some time. 

You can’t snap your fingers and instantly become a more positive person overnight. However, there are actionable steps you can take to be more positive.

Start by focusing on the good things in your life. Yes, you have problems, but you have good things too. If you’re struggling to come up with anything that makes you smile, consider keeping a gratitude journal where you make an entry every day.

I also recommend positive affirmations and self-talk. Repeat phrases to yourself such as “There are good things in my life,” “I can come up with creative solutions,” or “I have good problem-solving skills.”

And of course, it’s important to surround yourself with people who are equally as positive and upbeat as you’re trying to be. The same applies to all aspects of your life. Read positive books, articles, and social media posts. Listen to uplifting music, and watch videos and movies that leave you feeling positive and optimistic.

Remember that every problem comes with a solution already custom-made for it. You just need to find it, and you can by maintaining a calm, positive attitude and steadily progressing through the different stages of the problem-solving process.

2. Define The Problem

Problem identification is a vital step in problem-solving processes so that you know exactly what you are dealing with. What might seem to be the root cause of your situation may be something entirely different.

Also, defining the problem will help you gather data, analyze the issues surrounding it, and find a potential solution.

What exactly is the challenge you are facing? What about this particular situation is causing you stress and anxiety? You must clearly define the problem to resolve it.

Not only should you clarify what the problem is, but you should also see what caused the problem. If you can’t conclude the cause of the problem, you may need to meet with other parties involved to determine the root before moving forward.

Sometimes a clear root cause cannot be determined, or there may be several factors that are causing the problem. In these cases, you can still move forward in finding solutions by defining what is currently hard to deal with and what needs to be changed or solved.

If you are working with a group, it’s important to write and rewrite the problem until everyone agrees that the problem is clearly and correctly defined. Each person will bring a unique perspective that will help clarify what the situation is.

Identify important details that define that problem, and weed out information that is extraneous or useless so that it doesn’t distract you from your ability to solve it or waste your time.

It can help to ask the following questions:

• Who is involved in the problem?
• What exactly is happening that is preventing forward progress?
• When did the problem occur and how often?
• Why is the problem happening?
• How is it affecting workflow or people?

Write out the problem so that it is easy for you and everyone else to see exactly what it is. It may help to draw a picture, diagram, or graph to fully visualize the problem.

When the issue is clearly defined, the solution may be obvious. But you may never find the solution at all if the problem isn’t defined.

3. Use Creative Thinking

As I mentioned in the first step, geniuses solve issues with out-of-the-box thinking. So you need to see the problem from every angle before you begin moving down solution paths.

You should think: Are there other problems that are affecting this obstacle? If so, you need to address it first.

It can be easy to have tunnel vision when you’re problem-solving, but there are usually multiple things at play with any dilemma. Zoom out from the situation at hand and see all contributing factors to the issue and listen to everyone’s point of view.

Meeting with others who may be involved in the process can offer you more brainpower to shed light on the problem. That’s why teamwork is so important. You can work together to look at what the issue is affecting, what is affecting it, and how to solve it.

It might feel as if you can work faster on your own. But when you collaborate with others, you’ll be able to come up with higher-quality solutions.

In fact, statistics show that 86% of employees and executives say lack of collaboration or ineffective communication causes workplace failures.

Don’t be afraid to sit down with people involved in the problem to work things out. People outside the problem can also offer a valuable third-party opinion. Their advice and ideas may actually be more helpful because they don’t have a personal stake in the issue.

When discussing the problem with others, replace “No, but” with “Yes, and.” For example, if someone says, “I think part of the problem stems from a lack of communication within the team.” Respond with, “Yes, and it can also come from people arriving late to meetings.”

This approach validates what the other person is saying so that all input is accepted as valuable and ideas are not negated. It also gives you an equal opportunity to add your ideas and input.

Think creatively by looking outside of your industry or situation for solutions. While it is helpful to analyze how others within your field or circumstances have solved a similar problem, you might find helpful insight in looking at how companies or individuals in other walks of life that have seemingly non-matching characteristics have approached related problems.

Ask “what if” questions. This can often help you think outside the box when solving problems creatively. As you look at potential solutions, ask,

“Why not?”

“What assumptions can we get rid of?”

“What can we add beyond the expected solutions?” and similar questions to take a broader view of the problem and possible solutions.

State the opposite of the problem to get a different perspective on it. For example, instead of asking, “How can we encourage our existing customers to buy more products?” ask, “How can we discourage our existing customers from buying more products.” This process can lead to surprisingly effective solutions.

4. Brainstorm Possible Solutions

Part of addressing the situation from different directions is to come up with not just one but several solutions. There are likely to be multiple solutions to any single problem.

The first conclusion that comes to mind may not be the best one, but the more you focus, the more solutions you will find. That’s why brainstorming all possible resolutions is an essential step to  problem-solving .

If you’re brainstorming together with a group of others, make sure to define a clear goal for the brainstorming session before you begin. Allow people time before the meeting to reflect on the problem. This will allow them to come prepared with ideas.

Throughout the session, record any suggestions that come up. You can write them on a physical whiteboard so that everyone can see them, or simply jot them down in a digital folder. Share these notes with attendees post-meeting and assign any follow-up tasks.

Reserve judgment until after your brainstorming session is complete. Some ideas may seem ridiculous or impractical, but say them and record them anyway. The goal is to move beyond existing ideas and look at the problem and possible solutions from every angle. Sometimes, an idea that seems far-flung can begin a conversation and flow of ideas that lead to the best solution.

Defining your end goal will help inspire unique ways you can get there. It can also help to pose the problem as a question and come up with conclusions to that question. Use the examples offered earlier of who, what, when, where, and how questions to get you started.

5. Find The Best Solution 

Now, not all possible solutions you outlined will be a good fit. You should be able to narrow down each method and see which is the most effective for your issue.

After brainstorming all potential solutions, ask yourself, “What solution will likely produce the best outcome?”

Do this by comparing each of the results with the one you believe to be the most ideal. Which one is the best under the current circumstances? What will successfully solve the problem? Which one will lead to a better outcome in the future? What will prevent further problems? Is there more than one solution that we should apply for the best results?

It might take some time to work through each of your potential solutions. Some will quickly weed themselves out. In other cases, though, don’t be afraid to spend some time thinking about how a given solution would work.

Identify the pros and cons or benefits and costs of each solution to help you determine which one or more is best.

After looking in-depth at the various approaches, decide on the best solution for the situation.

6. Expect the Best and Prepare for the Worst

Before you jump at the chance to solve your problem with the best-fit solution, consider the repercussions of the solution. 

Now is the time to jump to worst-case scenarios. What will happen if the solution fails? Knowing the answer to this will allow you to prepare if it doesn’t resolve your dilemma.

Even if at first you don’t succeed, you will learn something in the end. Don’t take it as a failure but as a learning opportunity.

Accept that it didn’t work and try something new. Determine what didn’t work and why to come up with additional possible strategies. Thankfully, you already have a list of alternative solutions that can help you find the right one.

Preparing for the worst is not about thinking negatively. Remember, the power of positive thinking will allow you to uncover more solutions. If you can train your mind to think this way, the more solution-oriented you will become.

Instead, thinking through worst-case scenarios is simply being realistic. This allows you to create a Plan B. 

If one solution doesn’t work, which solution will you try next? Come up with a backup plan. You might move on to the next solution on your shortlist, or you might tweak things and continue working with your #1 idea.

Preparing for the worst allows you to end up with the best possible solution.

7. Set a Deadline

The next of my 10 problem-solving strategies is to create a timeframe for your solution. Determine:

• When to implement the solution
• How long it will take to complete
• When you expect to see results

What actions are necessary to meet this deadline, and who will be accomplishing it? List out the tasks needed and assign each one to an appropriate person.

It’s important to not only set a deadline, but also place standards on how you will measure its success. How will you know that you’re making progress, or in other words, what will be your key performance indicators (KPIs)? How will you compare the success of this solution against the success of another?

Determine what key performance indicators will allow you to measure the success of your outcomes and set a series of short-term deadlines to report. Clearly communicate these benchmarks with everyone involved.

Make sure people understand how you’re choosing to measure success so they can be successful by your standards.

8. Take Responsibility

Now that you’ve found the solution to the problem that you want to implement, consider how it will impact the situation if it works or if it doesn’t.

If your outcome doesn’t work, that’s okay, but it is your job to accept responsibility. Be ready to admit any mistakes and continue working to make things right.

Some of the most creative ideas never transpire because no one is assigned the authority to carry out the decision.

Taking responsibility for your decision doesn’t necessarily mean you need to be the one to implement it. There may be various people involved in the problem and different jobs required to accomplish the solution.

By taking responsibility for the decision you make, you’ll ensure that everyone involved knows what job they need to do, when they need to do it, and how the successful or unsuccessful completion of that job is defined.

9. Solve the Problem

Now, it’s finally time to take action.

Execute your solution so you can reach your defined goals and learn what works best. Continue communicating with everyone on board as you all work together to solve the problem.

However, not every problem will be solved easily.

You may encounter additional obstacles as you attempt to solve the initial problem. You can overcome any drawback by tapping into your creative mind and taking action consistently and persistently until you reach your goal.

As you work hard, you can develop your capacity to achieve more in the future. Every time you successfully solve a problem, you are developing your analytical skills, communication skills, and problem-solving abilities. You’re also increasing your confidence.

Next time you need to solve a problem, you can look back on the successful jobs you’ve done before.

10. Track Your Results

The final step of my  problem-solving process is to track the results. Using the deadlines, KPIs, and scheduled reports you set in step seven will let you know immediately if you’re on track or falling behind.

When you reach your deadline, ask yourself if you met the goals you set out to achieve.

What worked and what didn’t work? Did you solve the problem? Did you solve it with the approach and timeframe you expected?

Answering these questions will allow you to understand if you need to take further action and help you improve your problem-solving methods for the future.

The best way to learn to problem solve is to simply do it. Jump in with both feet and start coming up with potential solutions to issues that need fixing. Over time, you’ll learn about problem-solving without even realizing it.

However, in addition to learning “on the job,” you can also take courses to help boost your skills. 

Studying subjects like project management or data analysis is a good way to help you succeed in identifying problems, thinking of better solutions, and leading others with good communication as you work together to put your solutions in place.

Bonus: Further Problem-Solving Strategies

More good news: The process outlined above isn’t the only way to solve complex problems. In fact, there are many strategies you can implement for solving a problem.

Here are summaries of a few more problem-solving methods that you can learn more about:

The IDEAL process of solving a problem can help you look at situations objectively and remove the emotional aspects that can arise when a problem occurs. It works especially well for problems that may not seem to have a clear cause or may need more than one solution. The steps involve:

• Identifying the problem
• Defining what the problem is and the desired outcome
• Exploring possible solutions
• Acting on a solution
• Looking back to evaluate the effectiveness of the solution

Root Cause Analysis

Root cause analysis is actually a set of various problem-solving processes that aim to identify the main cause of a problem so that you can find appropriate solutions. The purpose of root cause analysis is to get to the root of a problem and prevent further difficulties instead of treating the symptoms of a problem.

At the same time, this approach to solving complex problems recognizes that there is value in treating symptoms for short-term relief while the larger problem-finding process is going on.

It also assumes that there can be more than one root cause and focuses on how and why a problem occurs instead of who causes it.

This method provides a structured approach to solving a complex problem, especially those that do not have a clear solution. Simplex problem-solving involves eight steps:

• Problem finding: Identifying what the problem is
• Fact-finding: Collecting information and data about the problem
• Problem definition: Clearly define the complex problem so you know what you are solving
• Idea finding: Generating possible solutions to the problem
• Evaluation and Selection: Choosing the solution that seems to like it will best address the complex problem
• Planning: Deciding how you will implement the solution
• Sell the idea: Get stakeholders on board with implementing the solution
• Action: Carrying out the solution

Appreciative Inquiry

Appreciative inquiry looks at a problem from a different angle, or not at all. It focuses on what is going right instead of what is going wrong. It is often best applied when a change is needed within an organization or individual. This approach leans heavily on cognitive science and positive thinking.

It involves five steps:

• Define the desired outcome
• Discover what our strengths are
• Dream of what would work well in the future
• Design a plan to make it happen
• Deploy the action

Six Thinking Hats

This approach to solving a complex problem focuses on approaching solutions in a balanced way. Using the six thinking hats approach, you will ask yourself a series of questions based on six principles or divide your team into six different groups:

• The white hat will focus on facts and logic (objective)
• The red hat will focus on emotion and instinct (intuitive)
• The black hat will focus on predicting negative outcomes (cautious)
• The yellow hat will look for positive outcomes (optimistic)
• The green hat will focus on reducing criticism and increasing ideas (creative)
• The blue hat will focus on management and organization (control)

The 5 whys is an example of a root cause analysis tool. The purpose of using this problem-solving technique is to find the exact reason a problem is occurring by asking a series of “why” questions. After asking why five times, the cause of the problem and its accompanying solution should be clear.

Start Implementing Solutions to Problems Today

You don’t need to feel overwhelmed and confused when a problem arises anymore. Stress and unhappiness are simply byproducts of how you respond to those situations. Instead, you can look at each problem or difficulty by asking, “What is the opportunity in this?”

When you enhance your problem-solving skills, you will experience determination and a sense of calmness when the next difficult situation arises.

While you may not know how to resolve most issues right away, you will know the problem-solving steps to take to uncover the best response: Define the problem, determine the cause, discover the best problem-solving technique, take action, and analyze the outcome.

Follow this process over and over again and you will creatively solve your problems. After all, an effective way to solve problems is a skill that you can develop with practice.

To help you enhance your success, download my free  SMART Goals Template . This resource is a good fit for someone who wants to achieve their goals and optimize their success. I walk you through how to set goals and plan ahead the right way. As you advance your problem-solving skills, you will experience more success in your daily life—for big-picture items and small ones alike.

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About Brian Tracy — Brian is recognized as the top sales training and personal success authority in the world today. He has authored more than 60 books and has produced more than 500 audio and video learning programs on sales, management, business success and personal development, including worldwide bestseller The Psychology of Achievement. Brian's goal is to help you achieve your personal and business goals faster and easier than you ever imagined. You can follow him on Twitter , Facebook , Pinterest , Linkedin and Youtube .

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The Simplex Process: A Robust Creative Problem-Solving Process

1. Problem Finding

• What could they be doing better if we could help them?
• How can we improve quality?
• What are our competitors doing that we could do?
• What is frustrating and irritating to our team?

2. Fact Finding

• Understand fully how different people perceive the situation.
• Analyze data to see if the problem really exists.
• Explore the best ideas that your competitors have had.
• Understand customers' needs in more detail.
• Know what has already been tried.
• Understand fully any processes, components, services, or technologies that you may want to use.
• Ensure that the benefits of solving the problem will be worth the effort that you'll put into solving it.

3. Problem Definition

4. idea finding, 5. selection and evaluation, 6. planning, 7. sell ideas.

• Problem finding.
• Fact finding.
• Problem definition.
• Idea finding.
• Selection and evaluation.
• Selling of the idea.

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