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Hypothesis Examples
A hypothesis is a prediction of the outcome of a test. It forms the basis for designing an experiment in the scientific method . A good hypothesis is testable, meaning it makes a prediction you can check with observation or experimentation. Here are different hypothesis examples.
Null Hypothesis Examples
The null hypothesis (H 0 ) is also known as the zero-difference or no-difference hypothesis. It predicts that changing one variable ( independent variable ) will have no effect on the variable being measured ( dependent variable ). Here are null hypothesis examples:
- Plant growth is unaffected by temperature.
- If you increase temperature, then solubility of salt will increase.
- Incidence of skin cancer is unrelated to ultraviolet light exposure.
- All brands of light bulb last equally long.
- Cats have no preference for the color of cat food.
- All daisies have the same number of petals.
Sometimes the null hypothesis shows there is a suspected correlation between two variables. For example, if you think plant growth is affected by temperature, you state the null hypothesis: “Plant growth is not affected by temperature.” Why do you do this, rather than say “If you change temperature, plant growth will be affected”? The answer is because it’s easier applying a statistical test that shows, with a high level of confidence, a null hypothesis is correct or incorrect.
Research Hypothesis Examples
A research hypothesis (H 1 ) is a type of hypothesis used to design an experiment. This type of hypothesis is often written as an if-then statement because it’s easy identifying the independent and dependent variables and seeing how one affects the other. If-then statements explore cause and effect. In other cases, the hypothesis shows a correlation between two variables. Here are some research hypothesis examples:
- If you leave the lights on, then it takes longer for people to fall asleep.
- If you refrigerate apples, they last longer before going bad.
- If you keep the curtains closed, then you need less electricity to heat or cool the house (the electric bill is lower).
- If you leave a bucket of water uncovered, then it evaporates more quickly.
- Goldfish lose their color if they are not exposed to light.
- Workers who take vacations are more productive than those who never take time off.
Is It Okay to Disprove a Hypothesis?
Yes! You may even choose to write your hypothesis in such a way that it can be disproved because it’s easier to prove a statement is wrong than to prove it is right. In other cases, if your prediction is incorrect, that doesn’t mean the science is bad. Revising a hypothesis is common. It demonstrates you learned something you did not know before you conducted the experiment.
Test yourself with a Scientific Method Quiz .
- Mellenbergh, G.J. (2008). Chapter 8: Research designs: Testing of research hypotheses. In H.J. Adèr & G.J. Mellenbergh (eds.), Advising on Research Methods: A Consultant’s Companion . Huizen, The Netherlands: Johannes van Kessel Publishing.
- Popper, Karl R. (1959). The Logic of Scientific Discovery . Hutchinson & Co. ISBN 3-1614-8410-X.
- Schick, Theodore; Vaughn, Lewis (2002). How to think about weird things: critical thinking for a New Age . Boston: McGraw-Hill Higher Education. ISBN 0-7674-2048-9.
- Tobi, Hilde; Kampen, Jarl K. (2018). “Research design: the methodology for interdisciplinary research framework”. Quality & Quantity . 52 (3): 1209–1225. doi: 10.1007/s11135-017-0513-8
Related Posts
The Scientific Method Lesson Plan: Developing Hypotheses
Submitted by: charlie conway.
This is a lesson plan designed to be incorporated into a elementary or middle school general science class. Using BrainPOP and its resources, students will be introduced (or further exposed) to the steps necessary to undertake scientific experimentation leading (perhaps) to a Science Fair project. The Scientific Method is a core structure in learning about scientific inquiry, and although there are many variations of this set of procedures, they all usually have similar components. This lesson should take 45-60 minutes, with opportunities for extending the lesson further.
Students will:
- Students will use BrainPOP features to build their understandings of the Scientific Method.
- Students will learn how to identify and write effective hypotheses.
- Students will use game play to write an appropriate hypothesis for an experiment.
- Students will identify and utilize the tools necessary to design a scientific investigation.
- Laptops/Computers
- Interactive White Board
- Pencil/Paper
- Class set of photocopies of the Scientific Method Flow Chart
- BrainPOP accounts (optional)
Vocabulary:
Preparation:.
These procedures may be modified according to the needs/resources of each teacher & class. For example, you may decide to do the quiz with pencil/paper, or do the quiz as a class.
Lesson Procedure:
- Ask the students how scientists answer questions and solve problems. Take a few minutes to explore students' prior knowledge with a short discussion.
- Tell the class that you're going to watch a BrainPOP movie about answering a scientific question about plant growth.
- Show the BrainPOP movie on the Scientific Method two times. The first time, students should just watch and listen. The second time they should take notes. Pause the movie at critical STOP points.
- Students should log on to their individual student accounts and take the Scientific Method Quiz to give the teacher some immediate feedback. (This can also be done as a pre-assessment, or at the very end of the lesson). NOTE: If you choose to, you can give a pencil/paper quiz also; students who work best with electronic media can be given accommodations). If you don't have access to individual student logins via MyBrainPOP (a school subscription), students can take the Review Quiz or paper quiz instead.
- Discuss the main points from the movie: a. Write the definition of the scientific method: the procedure scientists use to help explain why things happen. b. Make a list on the board of the steps mentioned as part of the scientific method: problem, fact finding, observation, inference, hypothesis, experiment, conclusions. c. Tell students that there are various versions of the scientific method that they may see, but they are all basically the same.
- Hand out the Scientific Method Flow Chart . Introduce the "If...then...because..." format for writing hypotheses. Give the students 10 minutes to complete the sheet with their group. They may use their notes from the movie to help them, and/or work collaboratively with other students.
- Discuss some of the student responses in class. Focus on the hypotheses, and explain that a good hypothesis is a testable explanation of the problem. For example, a good hypothesis to the third problem would be, "If I move farther away from the microwave oven, then the cell phone signal will improve because I am further away from the source of interference." Show how this is a TESTABLE hypothesis that can lead to a scientific experiment.
- Introduce the students to the Pavlov’s Dog game in GameUP. Allow time for the kids to explore the game without telling them why they are playing it.
- After 10-15 minutes, have the students take a break from playing, and have a short discussion about the game. Ask if anyone was able to complete the task successfully, and have them share how they got the "diploma." If time allows, show the students how to complete the task so that they all understand that the dog has been conditioned to respond to a stimulus (noise before food has been introduced).
- Have the students write a hypothesis that Pavlov may have written before he started his experiment. Students can either do this with pencil/paper, or the teacher may create a BrainPOP quiz and have students submit their hypothesis electronically. This may be used as a part of the assessment.
- Choose some sample responses from the students, highlighting the hypotheses that are TESTABLE, and not just guesses or predictions.
If this lesson is an introduction to allowing students to plan and carry out their own experiments, then all that follows is naturally an extension to the lesson.
Other, shorter extensions are easy to develop as well.
Extension Activities:
- BrainPOP Jr. (K-3)
- BrainPOP ELL
- BrainPOP Science
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- BrainPOP Français
- Set Up Accounts
- Single Sign-on
- Manage Subscription
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What Is a Hypothesis? (Science)
If...,Then...
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- Ph.D., Biomedical Sciences, University of Tennessee at Knoxville
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A hypothesis (plural hypotheses) is a proposed explanation for an observation. The definition depends on the subject.
In science, a hypothesis is part of the scientific method. It is a prediction or explanation that is tested by an experiment. Observations and experiments may disprove a scientific hypothesis, but can never entirely prove one.
In the study of logic, a hypothesis is an if-then proposition, typically written in the form, "If X , then Y ."
In common usage, a hypothesis is simply a proposed explanation or prediction, which may or may not be tested.
Writing a Hypothesis
Most scientific hypotheses are proposed in the if-then format because it's easy to design an experiment to see whether or not a cause and effect relationship exists between the independent variable and the dependent variable . The hypothesis is written as a prediction of the outcome of the experiment.
Null Hypothesis and Alternative Hypothesis
Statistically, it's easier to show there is no relationship between two variables than to support their connection. So, scientists often propose the null hypothesis . The null hypothesis assumes changing the independent variable will have no effect on the dependent variable.
In contrast, the alternative hypothesis suggests changing the independent variable will have an effect on the dependent variable. Designing an experiment to test this hypothesis can be trickier because there are many ways to state an alternative hypothesis.
For example, consider a possible relationship between getting a good night's sleep and getting good grades. The null hypothesis might be stated: "The number of hours of sleep students get is unrelated to their grades" or "There is no correlation between hours of sleep and grades."
An experiment to test this hypothesis might involve collecting data, recording average hours of sleep for each student and grades. If a student who gets eight hours of sleep generally does better than students who get four hours of sleep or 10 hours of sleep, the hypothesis might be rejected.
But the alternative hypothesis is harder to propose and test. The most general statement would be: "The amount of sleep students get affects their grades." The hypothesis might also be stated as "If you get more sleep, your grades will improve" or "Students who get nine hours of sleep have better grades than those who get more or less sleep."
In an experiment, you can collect the same data, but the statistical analysis is less likely to give you a high confidence limit.
Usually, a scientist starts out with the null hypothesis. From there, it may be possible to propose and test an alternative hypothesis, to narrow down the relationship between the variables.
Example of a Hypothesis
Examples of a hypothesis include:
- If you drop a rock and a feather, (then) they will fall at the same rate.
- Plants need sunlight in order to live. (if sunlight, then life)
- Eating sugar gives you energy. (if sugar, then energy)
- White, Jay D. Research in Public Administration . Conn., 1998.
- Schick, Theodore, and Lewis Vaughn. How to Think about Weird Things: Critical Thinking for a New Age . McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 2002.
- Scientific Method Flow Chart
- Six Steps of the Scientific Method
- What Are the Elements of a Good Hypothesis?
- What Are Examples of a Hypothesis?
- What Is a Testable Hypothesis?
- Null Hypothesis Examples
- Scientific Hypothesis Examples
- Scientific Variable
- Scientific Method Vocabulary Terms
- Understanding Simple vs Controlled Experiments
- What Is an Experimental Constant?
- What Is a Controlled Experiment?
- What Is the Difference Between a Control Variable and Control Group?
- DRY MIX Experiment Variables Acronym
- Random Error vs. Systematic Error
- The Role of a Controlled Variable in an Experiment
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- Ask a question
- Gather information and observe (research)
- Make a hypothesis (guess the answer)
- Experiment and test your hypothesis
- Analyze your test results
- Modify your hypothesis, if necessary
- Present a conclusion
- Retest (often done by other scientists)
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Formative Assessment Probe
What Is a Hypothesis?
By Page Keeley
Uncovering Student Ideas in Science, Volume 3: Another 25 Formative Assessment Probes
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This is the new updated edition of the first book in the bestselling Uncovering Student Ideas in Science series. Like the first edition of volume 1, this book helps pinpoint what your students know (or think they know) so you can monitor their learning and adjust your teaching accordingly. Loaded with classroom-friendly features you can use immediately, the book includes 25 “probes”—brief, easily administered formative assessments designed to understand your students’ thinking about 60 core science concepts.
Access this probe as a Google form: English
Download this probe as an editable PDF: English
The purpose of this assessment probe is to elicit students’ ideas about hypotheses. The probe is designed to find out if students understand what a hypothesis is, when it is used, and how it is developed.
Type of Probe
Justified List
Related Concepts
hypothesis, nature of science, scientific inquiry, scientific method
Explanation
The best choices are A, B, G, K, L, and M. However, other possible answers open up discussions to contrast with the provided definition. A hypothesis is a tentative explanation that can be tested and is based on observation and/or scientific knowledge such as that that has been gained from doing background research. Hypotheses are used to investigate a scientific question. Hypotheses can be tested through experimentation or further observation, but contrary to how some students are taught to use the “scientific method,” hypotheses are not proved true or correct. Students will often state their conclusions as “My hypothesis is correct because my data prove…,” thereby equating positive results with proof (McLaughlin 2006, p. 61). In essence, experimentation as well as other means of scientific investigation never prove a hypothesis—the hypothesis gains credibility from the evidence obtained from data that support it. Data either support or negate a hypothesis but never prove something to be 100% true or correct.
Hypotheses are often confused with questions. A hypothesis is not framed as a question but rather provides a tentative explanation in response to the scientific question that leads the investigation. Sometimes the word hypothesis is oversimplified by being defined as “an educated guess.” This terminology fails to convey the explanatory or predictive nature of scientific hypotheses and omits what is most important about hypotheses: their purpose. Hypotheses are developed to explain observations, such as notable patterns in nature; predict the outcome of an experiment based on observations or prior scientific knowledge; and guide the investigator in seeking and paying attention to the right data. Calling a hypothesis a “guess” undermines the explanation that underscores a hypothesis.
Predictions and hypotheses are not the same. A hypothesis, which is a tentative explanation, can lead to a prediction. Predictions forecast the outcome of an experiment but do not include an explanation. Predictions often use if-then statements, just as hypotheses do, but this does not make a prediction a hypothesis. For example, a prediction might take the form of, “If I do [X], then [Y] will happen.” The prediction describes the outcome but it does not provide an explanation of why that outcome might result or describe any relationship between variables.
Sometimes the words hypothesis , theory , and law are inaccurately portrayed in science textbooks as a hierarchy of scientific knowledge, with the hypothesis being the first step on the way to becoming a theory and then a law. These concepts do not form a sequence for the development of scientific knowledge because each represents a different type of knowledge.
Not every investigation requires a hypothesis. Some types of investigations do not lend themselves to hypothesis testing through experimentation. A good deal of science is observational and descriptive—the study of biodiversity, for example, usually involves looking at a wide variety of specimens and maybe sketching and recording their unique characteristics. A biologist studying biodiversity might wonder, “What types of birds are found on island X?” The biologist would observe sightings of birds and perhaps sketch them and record their bird calls but would not be guided by a specific hypothesis. Many of the great discoveries in science did not begin with a hypothesis in mind. For example, Charles Darwin did not begin his observations of species in the Galapagos with a hypothesis in mind.
Contrary to the way hypotheses are often stated by students as an unimaginative response to a question posed at the beginning of an experiment, particularly those of the “cookbook” type, the generation of hypotheses by scientists is actually a creative and imaginative process, combined with the logic of scientific thought. “The process of formulating and testing hypotheses is one of the core activities of scientists. To be useful, a hypothesis should suggest what evidence would support it and what evidence would refute it. A hypothesis that cannot in principle be put to the test of evidence may be interesting, but it is not likely to be scientifically useful” (AAAS 1988, p. 5).
Curricular and Instructional Considerations
Elementary Students
In the elementary school grades, students typically engage in inquiry to begin to construct an understanding of the natural world. Their inquiries are initiated by a question. If students have a great deal of knowledge or have made prior observations, they might propose a hypothesis; in most cases, however, their knowledge and observations are too incomplete for them to hypothesize. If elementary school students are required to develop a hypothesis, it is often just a guess, which does little to contribute to an understanding of the purpose of a hypothesis. At this grade level, it is usually sufficient for students to focus on their questions, instead of hypotheses (Pine 1999).
Middle School Students
At the middle school level, students develop an understanding of what a hypothesis is and when one is used. The notion of a testable hypothesis through experimentation that involves variables is introduced and practiced at this grade level. However, there is a danger that students will think every investigation must include a hypothesis. Hypothesizing as a skill is important to develop at this grade level but it is also important to develop the understandings of what a hypothesis is and why and how it is developed.
High School Students
At this level, students have acquired more scientific knowledge and experiences and so are able to propose tentative explanations. They can formulate a testable hypothesis and demonstrate the logical connections between the scientific concepts guiding a hypothesis and the design of an experiment (NRC 1996).
Administering the Probe
This probe is best used as is at the middle school and high school levels, particularly if students have been previously exposed to the word hypothesis or its use. Remove any answer choices students might not be familiar with. For example, if they have not encountered if-then reasoning, eliminate this distracter. The probe can also be modified as a simpler version for students in grades 3–5 by leaving out some of the choices and simplifying the descriptions.
K–4 Understandings About Scientific Inquiry
- Scientific investigations involve asking and answering a question and comparing the answer with what scientists already know about the world.
- Scientists develop explanations using observations (evidence) and what they already know about the world (scientific knowledge).
5–8 Understandings About Scientific Inquiry
- Different kinds of questions suggest different kinds of investigations. Some investigations involve observing and describing objects, organisms, or events; some involve collecting specimens; some involve experiments; some involve seeking more information; some involve discovery of new objects and phenomena; and some involve making models.
- Current scientific knowledge and understanding guide scientific investigations. Different scientific domains employ different methods, core theories, and standards to advance scientific knowledge and understanding.
5–8 Science as a Human Endeavor
- Science is very much a human endeavor, and the work of science relies on basic human qualities such as reasoning, insight, energy, skill, and creativity.
9–12 Abilities Necessary to Do Scientific Inquiry
- Identify questions and concepts that guide scientific investigations.*
9–12 Understandings About Scientific Inquiry
- Scientists usually inquire about how physical, living, or designed systems function. Conceptual principles and knowledge guide scientific inquiries. Historical and current scientific knowledge influence the design and interpretation of investigations and the evaluation of proposed explanations made by other scientists.
*Indicates a strong match between the ideas elicited by the probe and a national standard’s learning goal.
K–2 Scientific Inquiry
- People can often learn about things around them by just observing those things carefully, but sometimes they can learn more by doing something to the things and noting what happens.
3–5 Scientific Inquiry
- Scientists’ explanations about what happens in the world come partly from what they observe and partly from what they think. Sometimes scientists have different explanations for the same set of observations. That usually leads to their making more observations to resolve the differences.
6–8 Scientific Inquiry
- Scientists differ greatly in what phenomena they study and how they go about their work. Although there is no fixed set of steps that all scientists follow, scientific investigations usually involve the collection of relevant evidence, the use of logical reasoning, and the application of imagination in devising hypotheses and explanations to make sense of the collected evidence.*
6–8 Values and Attitudes
- Even if they turn out not to be true, hypotheses are valuable if they lead to fruitful investigations.*
9–12 Scientific Inquiry
- Hypotheses are widely used in science for choosing what data to pay attention to and what additional data to seek and for guiding the interpretation of the data (both new and previously available).*
Related Research
- Students generally have difficulty with explaining how science is conducted because they have had little contact with real scientists. Their familiarity with doing science, even at older ages, is “school science,” which is often not how science is generally conducted in the scientific community (Driver et al. 1996).
- Despite over 10 years of reform efforts in science education, research still shows that students typically have inadequate conceptions of what science is and what scientists do (Schwartz 2007).
- Upper elementary school and middle school students may not understand experimentation as a method of testing ideas, but rather as a method of trying things out or producing a desired outcome (AAAS 1993).
- Middle school students tend to invoke personal experiences as evidence to justify their hypothesis. They seem to think of evidence as selected from what is already known or from personal experience or secondhand sources, not as information produced through experiment (AAAS 1993).
Related NSTA Resources
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). 1993. Benchmarks for science literacy. New York: Oxford University Press.
Keeley, P. 2005. Science curriculum topic study: Bridging the gap between standards and practice. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press.
McLaughlin, J. 2006. A gentle reminder that a hypothesis is never proven correct, nor is a theory ever proven true. Journal of College Science Teaching 36 (1): 60–62.
National Research Council (NRC). 1996. National science education standards. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
Schwartz, R. 2007. What’s in a word? How word choice can develop (mis)conceptions about the nature of science. Science Scope 31 (2): 42–47.
VanDorn, K., M. Mavita, L. Montes, B. Ackerson, and M. Rockley. 2004. Hypothesis-based learning. Science Scope 27: 24–25.
Suggestions for Instruction and Assessment
- The “scientific method” is often the first topic students encounter when using textbooks and this can erroneously imply that there is a rigid set of steps that all scientists follow, including the development of a hypothesis. Often the scientific method described in textbooks applies to experimentation, which is only one of many ways scientists conduct their work. Embedding explicit instruction of the various ways to do science in the actual investigations students do throughout the year as well as in their studies of investigations done by scientists is a better approach to understanding how science is done than starting off the year with the scientific method in a way that is devoid of a context through which students can learn the content and process of science.
- Students often participate in science fairs that may follow a textbook scientific method of posing a question, developing a hypothesis, and so on, that incorrectly results in students “proving” their hypothesis. Make sure students understand that a hypothesis can be disproven, but it is never proven, which implies 100% certainty.
- Help students understand that science begins with a question. The structure of some school lab reports may lead students to believe that all investigations begin with a hypothesis. While some investigations do begin with a hypothesis, in most cases, they begin with a question. Sometimes it is just a general question.
- A technique to help students maintain a consistent image of science as inquiry throughout the year by paying more careful attention to the words they use is to create a “caution words” poster or bulletin board (Schwartz 2007). Important words that have specific meanings in science but are often used inappropriately in the science classroom and through everyday language can be posted in the room as a reminder to pay careful attention to how students are using these words. For example, words like hypothesis and scientific method can be posted here. Words that are banned when referring to hypotheses include prove, correct, and true.
- Use caution when asking students to write lab reports that use the same format regardless of the type of investigation conducted. The format used in writing about an investigation may imply a rigid, fixed process or erroneously misrepresent aspects of science, such as that hypotheses are developed for every scientific investigation.
- Avoid using hypotheses with younger children when they result in guesses. It is better to start with a question and have students make a prediction about what they think will happen and why. As they acquire more conceptual understanding and experience a variety of observations, they will be better prepared to develop hypotheses that reflect the way science is done.
- Avoid using “educated guess” as a description for hypothesis. The common meaning of the word guess implies no prior knowledge, experience, or observations.
- Scaffold hypothesis writing for students by initially having them use words like may in their statements and then formalizing them with if-then statements. For example, students may start with the statement, “The growth of algae may be affected by temperature.” The next step would be to extend this statement to include a testable relationship, such as, “If the temperature of the water increases, then the algae population will increase.” Encourage students to propose a tentative explanation and then consider how they would go about testing the statement.
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). 1988. Science for all Americans. New York: Oxford University Press.
Driver, R., J. Leach, R. Millar, and P. Scott. 1996. Young people’s images of science. Buckingham, UK: Open University Press.
Pine, J. 1999. To hypothesize or not to hypothesize. In Foundations: A monograph for professionals in science, mathematics, and technology education. Vol. 2. Inquiry: Thoughts, views, and strategies for the K–5 classroom. Arlington, VA: National Science Foundation.
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- How to Write a Strong Hypothesis | Steps & Examples
How to Write a Strong Hypothesis | Steps & Examples
Published on May 6, 2022 by Shona McCombes . Revised on November 20, 2023.
A hypothesis is a statement that can be tested by scientific research. If you want to test a relationship between two or more variables, you need to write hypotheses before you start your experiment or data collection .
Example: Hypothesis
Daily apple consumption leads to fewer doctor’s visits.
Table of contents
What is a hypothesis, developing a hypothesis (with example), hypothesis examples, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about writing hypotheses.
A hypothesis states your predictions about what your research will find. It is a tentative answer to your research question that has not yet been tested. For some research projects, you might have to write several hypotheses that address different aspects of your research question.
A hypothesis is not just a guess – it should be based on existing theories and knowledge. It also has to be testable, which means you can support or refute it through scientific research methods (such as experiments, observations and statistical analysis of data).
Variables in hypotheses
Hypotheses propose a relationship between two or more types of variables .
- An independent variable is something the researcher changes or controls.
- A dependent variable is something the researcher observes and measures.
If there are any control variables , extraneous variables , or confounding variables , be sure to jot those down as you go to minimize the chances that research bias will affect your results.
In this example, the independent variable is exposure to the sun – the assumed cause . The dependent variable is the level of happiness – the assumed effect .
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Step 1. Ask a question
Writing a hypothesis begins with a research question that you want to answer. The question should be focused, specific, and researchable within the constraints of your project.
Step 2. Do some preliminary research
Your initial answer to the question should be based on what is already known about the topic. Look for theories and previous studies to help you form educated assumptions about what your research will find.
At this stage, you might construct a conceptual framework to ensure that you’re embarking on a relevant topic . This can also help you identify which variables you will study and what you think the relationships are between them. Sometimes, you’ll have to operationalize more complex constructs.
Step 3. Formulate your hypothesis
Now you should have some idea of what you expect to find. Write your initial answer to the question in a clear, concise sentence.
4. Refine your hypothesis
You need to make sure your hypothesis is specific and testable. There are various ways of phrasing a hypothesis, but all the terms you use should have clear definitions, and the hypothesis should contain:
- The relevant variables
- The specific group being studied
- The predicted outcome of the experiment or analysis
5. Phrase your hypothesis in three ways
To identify the variables, you can write a simple prediction in if…then form. The first part of the sentence states the independent variable and the second part states the dependent variable.
In academic research, hypotheses are more commonly phrased in terms of correlations or effects, where you directly state the predicted relationship between variables.
If you are comparing two groups, the hypothesis can state what difference you expect to find between them.
6. Write a null hypothesis
If your research involves statistical hypothesis testing , you will also have to write a null hypothesis . The null hypothesis is the default position that there is no association between the variables. The null hypothesis is written as H 0 , while the alternative hypothesis is H 1 or H a .
- H 0 : The number of lectures attended by first-year students has no effect on their final exam scores.
- H 1 : The number of lectures attended by first-year students has a positive effect on their final exam scores.
| Research question | Hypothesis | Null hypothesis |
|---|---|---|
| What are the health benefits of eating an apple a day? | Increasing apple consumption in over-60s will result in decreasing frequency of doctor’s visits. | Increasing apple consumption in over-60s will have no effect on frequency of doctor’s visits. |
| Which airlines have the most delays? | Low-cost airlines are more likely to have delays than premium airlines. | Low-cost and premium airlines are equally likely to have delays. |
| Can flexible work arrangements improve job satisfaction? | Employees who have flexible working hours will report greater job satisfaction than employees who work fixed hours. | There is no relationship between working hour flexibility and job satisfaction. |
| How effective is high school sex education at reducing teen pregnancies? | Teenagers who received sex education lessons throughout high school will have lower rates of unplanned pregnancy teenagers who did not receive any sex education. | High school sex education has no effect on teen pregnancy rates. |
| What effect does daily use of social media have on the attention span of under-16s? | There is a negative between time spent on social media and attention span in under-16s. | There is no relationship between social media use and attention span in under-16s. |
If you want to know more about the research process , methodology , research bias , or statistics , make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples.
- Sampling methods
- Simple random sampling
- Stratified sampling
- Cluster sampling
- Likert scales
- Reproducibility
Statistics
- Null hypothesis
- Statistical power
- Probability distribution
- Effect size
- Poisson distribution
Research bias
- Optimism bias
- Cognitive bias
- Implicit bias
- Hawthorne effect
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A hypothesis is not just a guess — it should be based on existing theories and knowledge. It also has to be testable, which means you can support or refute it through scientific research methods (such as experiments, observations and statistical analysis of data).
Null and alternative hypotheses are used in statistical hypothesis testing . The null hypothesis of a test always predicts no effect or no relationship between variables, while the alternative hypothesis states your research prediction of an effect or relationship.
Hypothesis testing is a formal procedure for investigating our ideas about the world using statistics. It is used by scientists to test specific predictions, called hypotheses , by calculating how likely it is that a pattern or relationship between variables could have arisen by chance.
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Hypothesis For Kids
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Crafting a hypothesis isn’t just for scientists in white lab coats; even young budding researchers can join in the fun! When kids learn to frame their curious wonders as hypothesis statements, they pave the way for exciting discoveries. Our guide breaks down the world of hypothesis writing into kid-friendly chunks, complete with relatable thesis statement examples and easy-to-follow tips. Dive in to spark a love for inquiry and nurture young scientific minds!
What is an example of a Hypothesis for Kids?
Question: Do plants grow taller when they are watered with coffee instead of water?
Hypothesis: If I water a plant with coffee instead of water, then the plant will not grow as tall because coffee might have substances that aren’t good for plants.
This hypothesis is based on a simple observation or question a child might have, and it predicts a specific outcome (the plant not growing as tall) due to a specific condition (being watered with coffee). It’s presented in simple language suitable for kids.
100 Kids Hypothesis Statement Examples
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Children’s innate curiosity lays the foundation for numerous questions about the world around them. Framing these questions as good hypothesis statements can transform them into exciting learning experiments. Presented below are relatable and straightforward examples crafted especially for young minds, offering them a structured way to articulate their wonders and predictions.
- Sunlight & Plant Growth : If a plant gets more sunlight, then it will grow taller.
- Sugary Drinks & Tooth Decay : Drinking sugary drinks daily will lead to faster tooth decay.
- Chocolates & Energy : Eating chocolate will make me feel more energetic.
- Moon Phases & Sleep : I’ll sleep more during a full moon night.
- Homework & Weekend Moods : If I finish my homework on Friday, I’ll be happier over the weekend.
- Pets & Happiness : Owning a pet will make a child happier.
- Rain & Worms : Worms come out more after it rains.
- Shadows & Time of Day : Shadows are longer in the evening than at noon.
- Snow & School Holidays : More snow means there’s a better chance of school being canceled.
- Ice Cream & Brain Freeze : Eating ice cream too fast will give me a brain freeze.
- Video Games & Dreams : Playing video games before bed might make my dreams more vivid.
- Green Vegetables & Strength : Eating more green vegetables will make me stronger.
- Bicycles & Balance : The more I practice, the better I’ll get at riding my bike without training wheels.
- Stars & Wishes : If I wish on the first star I see at night, my wish might come true.
- Cartoons & Laughing : Watching my favorite cartoon will always make me laugh.
- Soda & Bone Health : Drinking soda every day will make my bones weaker.
- Beach Visits & Sunburn : If I don’t wear sunscreen at the beach, I’ll get sunburned.
- Loud Noises & Pet Behavior : My cat hides when she hears loud noises.
- Bedtime & Morning Energy : Going to bed early will make me feel more energetic in the morning.
- Healthy Snacks & Hunger : Eating a healthy snack will keep me full for longer. …
- Toys & Sharing : The more toys I have, the more I want to share with my friends.
- Homemade Cookies & Taste : Homemade cookies always taste better than store-bought ones.
- Books & Imagination : The more books I read, the more adventures I can imagine.
- Jumping & Height : The more I practice, the higher I can jump.
- Singing & Mood : Singing my favorite song always makes me happy.
- Snowmen & Temperature : If the temperature rises, my snowman will melt faster.
- Costumes & Play : Wearing a costume will make playtime more fun.
- Gardening & Patience : Waiting for my plants to grow teaches me patience.
- Night Lights & Sleep : Having a night light makes it easier for me to sleep.
- Handwriting & Practice : The more I practice, the better my handwriting will become.
- Painting & Creativity : Using more colors in my painting lets me express my creativity better.
- Puzzles & Problem Solving : The more puzzles I solve, the better I become at problem-solving.
- Dancing & Coordination : The more I dance, the more coordinated I will become.
- Stargazing & Constellations : If I stargaze every night, I’ll recognize more constellations.
- Bird Watching & Species Knowledge : The more I watch birds, the more species I can identify.
- Cooking & Skill : If I help in the kitchen often, I’ll become a better cook.
- Swimming & Confidence : The more I swim, the more confident I become in the water.
- Trees & Birds’ Nests : The taller the tree, the more likely it is to have birds’ nests.
- Roller Skating & Balance : If I roller skate every weekend, I’ll improve my balance.
- Drawing & Observation : The more I draw, the better I become at observing details.
- Sandcastles & Water : If I use wet sand, I can build a stronger sandcastle.
- Hiking & Endurance : The more I hike, the farther I can walk without getting tired.
- Camping & Outdoor Skills : If I go camping often, I’ll learn more about surviving outdoors.
- Magic Tricks & Practice : The more I practice a magic trick, the better I’ll get at performing it.
- Stickers & Collection : If I collect stickers, my album will become more colorful.
- Board Games & Strategy : The more board games I play, the better strategist I’ll become.
- Pets & Responsibility : The more I take care of my pet, the more responsible I become.
- Music & Concentration : Listening to calm music while studying will help me concentrate better.
- Photographs & Memories : The more photos I take, the more memories I can preserve.
- Rainbows & Rain : If it rains while the sun is out, I might see a rainbow.
- Museums & Knowledge : Every time I visit a museum, I learn something new.
- Fruits & Health : Eating more fruits will keep me healthier.
- Stories & Vocabulary : The more stories I listen to, the more new words I learn.
- Trees & Fresh Air : The more trees there are in a park, the fresher the air will be.
- Diary & Feelings : Writing in my diary helps me understand my feelings better.
- Planets & Telescopes : If I look through a telescope, I’ll see more planets clearly.
- Crafting & Creativity : The more crafts I make, the more creative I become.
- Snowflakes & Patterns : Every snowflake has a unique pattern.
- Jokes & Laughter : The funnier the joke, the louder I’ll laugh.
- Riddles & Thinking : Solving riddles makes me think harder.
- Nature Walks & Observations : The quieter I am on a nature walk, the more animals I’ll spot.
- Building Blocks & Structures : The more blocks I use, the taller my tower will be.
- Kites & Wind : If there’s more wind, my kite will fly higher.
- Popcorn & Movie Nights : Watching a movie with popcorn makes it more enjoyable.
- Stars & Wishes : If I see a shooting star, I should make a wish.
- Diets & Energy : Eating a balanced diet gives me more energy for playtime.
- Clay & Sculptures : The more I play with clay, the better my sculptures will be.
- Insects & Magnifying Glass : Using a magnifying glass will let me see more details of tiny insects.
- Aquarium Visits & Marine Knowledge : Every time I visit the aquarium, I discover a new marine creature.
- Yoga & Flexibility : If I practice yoga daily, I’ll become more flexible.
- Toothpaste & Bubbles : The more toothpaste I use, the more bubbles I’ll get while brushing.
- Journals & Memories : Writing in my journal every day helps me remember special moments.
- Piggy Banks & Savings : The more coins I save, the heavier my piggy bank will get.
- Baking & Measurements : If I measure ingredients accurately, my cake will turn out better.
- Coloring Books & Art Skills : The more I color, the better I get at staying inside the lines.
- Picnics & Outdoor Fun : Having a picnic makes a sunny day even more enjoyable.
- Recycling & Environment : The more I recycle, the cleaner my environment will be.
- Treasure Hunts & Discoveries : Every treasure hunt has a new discovery waiting.
- Milk & Bone Health : Drinking milk daily will make my bones stronger.
- Puppet Shows & Stories : The more puppet shows I watch, the more stories I learn.
- Field Trips & Learning : Every field trip to a new place teaches me something different.
- Chores & Responsibility : The more chores I do, the more responsible I feel.
- Fishing & Patience : Fishing teaches me to be patient while waiting for a catch.
- Fairy Tales & Imagination : Listening to fairy tales expands my imagination.
- Homemade Pizza & Toppings : The more toppings I add, the tastier my homemade pizza will be.
- Gardens & Butterflies : If I plant more flowers, I’ll see more butterflies in my garden.
- Raincoats & Puddles : Wearing a raincoat lets me jump in puddles without getting wet.
- Gymnastics & Balance : The more I practice gymnastics, the better my balance will be.
- Origami & Craft Skills : The more origami I fold, the better my craft skills become.
- Basketball & Shooting Skills : The more I practice, the better I get at shooting baskets.
- Fireflies & Night Beauty : Catching fireflies makes summer nights magical.
- Books & Knowledge : The more books I read, the smarter I become.
- Pillows & Forts : With more pillows, I can build a bigger fort.
- Lemonade & Summers : Drinking lemonade makes hot summer days refreshing.
- Bicycles & Balance : The more I practice, the better I get at riding my bike without training wheels.
- Pencils & Drawings : If I have colored pencils, my drawings will be more colorful.
- Ice Cream & Happiness : Eating ice cream always makes me happy.
- Beach Visits & Shell Collections : Every time I visit the beach, I find new shells for my collection.
- Jump Ropes & Fitness : The more I jump rope, the fitter I become.
- Tea Parties & Imagination : Hosting tea parties lets my imagination run wild.
Simple Hypothesis Statement Examples for Kids
Simple hypothesis are straightforward predictions that can be tested easily. They help children understand the relationship between two variables. Here are some examples tailored just for kids.
- Plants & Sunlight : Plants placed near the window will grow taller than those in the dark.
- Chocolates & Happiness : Eating chocolates can make kids feel happier.
- Rain & Puddles : The more it rains, the bigger the puddles become.
- Homework & Learning : Doing homework helps kids understand lessons better.
- Toys & Sharing : Sharing toys with friends makes playtime more fun.
- Pets & Care : Taking care of a pet fish helps it live longer.
- Storytime & Sleep : Listening to a bedtime story helps kids sleep faster.
- Brushing & Cavity : Brushing teeth daily prevents cavities.
- Games & Skill : Playing a new game every day improves problem-solving skills.
- Baking & Patience : Waiting for cookies to bake teaches patience.
Hypothesis Statement Examples for Kids Psychology
Child psychology hypothesis delves into how kids think, behave, and process emotions. These hypotheses help understand the psychological aspects of children’s behaviors.
- Emotions & Colors : Kids might feel calm when surrounded by blue and energetic with red.
- Friendship & Self-esteem : Making friends can boost a child’s self-confidence.
- Learning Styles & Memory : Some kids remember better by seeing, while others by doing.
- Play & Development : Pretend play is crucial for cognitive development.
- Rewards & Motivation : Giving small rewards can motivate kids to finish tasks.
- Music & Mood : Listening to soft music can calm a child’s anxiety.
- Sibling Bonds & Sharing : Having siblings can influence a child’s willingness to share.
- Feedback & Performance : Positive feedback can improve a kid’s academic performance.
- Outdoor Play & Attention Span : Playing outside can help kids concentrate better in class.
- Dreams & Reality : Kids sometimes can’t differentiate between dreams and reality.
Hypothesis Examples in Kid Friendly Words
Phrasing hypothesis in simple words makes it relatable and easier for kids to grasp. Here are examples with kid-friendly language.
- Socks & Warmth : Wearing socks will keep my toes toasty.
- Jumping & Energy : The more I jump, the more energy I feel.
- Sandcastles & Water : A little water makes my sandcastle stand tall.
- Stickers & Smiles : Getting a sticker makes my day shine brighter.
- Rainbows & Rain : After the rain, I might see a rainbow.
- Slides & Speed : The taller the slide, the faster I go.
- Hugs & Love : Giving hugs makes me and my friends feel loved.
- Stars & Counting : The darker it is, the more stars I can count.
- Paint & Mess : The more paint I use, the messier it gets.
- Bubbles & Wind : If I blow my bubble wand, the wind will carry them high.
Hypothesis Statement Examples for Kids in Research
Even in a research setting, research hypothesis should be age-appropriate for kids. These examples focus on concepts children might encounter in structured studies.
- Reading & Vocabulary : Kids who read daily might have a richer vocabulary.
- Games & Math Skills : Playing number games can improve math skills.
- Experiments & Curiosity : Conducting science experiments can make kids more curious.
- Doodles & Creativity : Drawing daily might enhance a child’s creativity.
- Learning Methods & Retention : Kids who learn with visuals might remember lessons better.
- Discussions & Understanding : Talking about a topic can deepen understanding.
- Observation & Knowledge : Observing nature can increase a kid’s knowledge about the environment.
- Puzzles & Cognitive Skills : Solving puzzles regularly might enhance logical thinking.
- Music & Rhythmic Abilities : Kids who practice music might develop better rhythm skills.
- Teamwork & Social Skills : Group projects can boost a child’s social skills.
Hypothesis Statement Examples for Kids Science Fair
Science fairs are a chance for kids to delve into the world of experiments and observations. Here are hypotheses suitable for these events.
- Magnet & Metals : Certain metals will be attracted to a magnet.
- Plants & Colored Light : Plants might grow differently under blue and red lights.
- Eggs & Vinegar : An egg in vinegar might become bouncy.
- Solar Panels & Sunlight : Solar panels will generate more power on sunny days.
- Volcanoes & Eruptions : Mixing baking soda and vinegar will make a mini eruption.
- Mirrors & Reflection : Shiny surfaces can reflect light better than dull ones.
- Battery & Energy : Fresh batteries will make a toy run faster.
- Density & Floating : Objects with lower density will float in water.
- Shadows & Light Source : Moving the light source will change the shadow’s direction.
- Freezing & States : Water turns solid when kept in the freezer.
Hypothesis Statement Examples for Science Experiments
Experiments let kids test out their predictions in real-time. Here are hypotheses crafted for various scientific tests.
- Salt & Boiling Point : Adding salt will make water boil at a higher temperature.
- Plants & Music : Playing music might affect a plant’s growth rate.
- Rust & Moisture : Metals kept in a moist environment will rust faster.
- Candles & Oxygen : A candle will burn out faster in an enclosed jar.
- Fruits & Browning : Lemon juice can prevent cut fruits from browning.
- Yeast & Sugar : Adding sugar will make yeast activate more vigorously.
- Density & Layers : Different liquids will form layers based on their density.
- Acids & Bases : Red cabbage juice will change color in acids and bases.
- Soil Types & Water : Sandy soil will drain water faster than clay.
- Thermometers & Temperatures : Thermometers will show higher readings in the sun.
Hypothesis Statement Examples for Kids At Home
These hypotheses are crafted for experiments and observations kids can easily make at home, using everyday items.
- Chores & Time : Setting a timer will make me finish my chores faster.
- Pets & Behavior : My cat sleeps more during the day than at night.
- Recycling & Environment : Recycling more can reduce the trash in my home.
- Cooking & Tastes : Adding spices will change the taste of my food.
- Family Time & Bonding : Playing board games strengthens our family bond.
- Cleaning & Organization : Organizing my toys daily will keep my room tidier.
- Watering & Plant Health : Watering my plant regularly will keep its leaves green.
- Decor & Mood : Changing the room decor can influence my mood.
- Journals & Memories : Writing in my journal daily will help me remember fun events.
- Photos & Growth : Taking monthly photos will show how much I’ve grown.
How do you write a hypothesis for kids? – A Step by Step Guide
Step 1: Start with Curiosity Begin with a question that your child is curious about. This could be something simple, like “Why is the sky blue?” or “Do plants need sunlight to grow?”
Step 2: Observe and Research Before formulating the hypothesis, encourage your child to observe the world around them. If possible, read or watch videos about the topic to gather information. The idea is to get a general understanding of the subject.
Step 3: Keep it Simple For kids, it’s essential to keep the hypothesis straightforward and concise. Use language that is easy to understand and relatable to their age.
Step 4: Make a Predictable Statement Help your child frame their hypothesis as an “If… then…” statement. For example, “If I water a plant every day, then it will grow taller.”
Step 5: Ensure Testability Ensure that the hypothesis can be tested using simple experiments or observations. It should be something they can prove or disprove through hands-on activities.
Step 6: Avoid Certainty Teach kids that a hypothesis is not a definitive statement of fact but rather a best guess based on what they know. It’s okay if the hypothesis turns out to be wrong; the learning process is more important.
Step 7: Review and Refine After forming the initial hypothesis, review it with your child. Discuss if it can be made simpler or clearer. Refinement aids in better understanding and testing.
Step 8: Test the Hypothesis This is the fun part! Plan an experiment or set of observations to test the hypothesis. Whether the hypothesis is proven correct or not, the experience provides a learning opportunity.
Tips for Writing Hypothesis for Kids
- Encourage Curiosity : Always encourage your child to ask questions about the world around them. It’s the first step to formulating a hypothesis.
- Use Familiar Language : Use words that the child understands and can relate to. Avoid jargon or technical terms.
- Make it Fun : Turn the process of forming a hypothesis into a game or a storytelling session. This will keep kids engaged.
- Use Visual Aids : Kids often respond well to visuals. Drawing or using props can help in understanding and formulating the hypothesis.
- Stay Open-minded : It’s essential to teach kids that it’s okay if their hypothesis is wrong. The process of discovery and learning is what’s crucial.
- Practice Regularly : The more often kids practice forming hypotheses, the better they get at it. Use everyday situations as opportunities.
- Link to Real-life Scenarios : Relate the hypothesis to real-life situations or personal experiences. For instance, if discussing plants, you can relate it to a plant you have at home.
- Collaborate : Sometimes, two heads are better than one. Encourage group activities where kids can discuss and come up with hypotheses together.
- Encourage Documentation : Keeping a journal or notebook where they document their hypotheses and results can be a great learning tool.
- Celebrate Efforts : Regardless of whether the hypothesis was correct, celebrate the effort and the learning journey. This reinforces the idea that the process is more important than the outcome.
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What is a Hypothesis?
Table of Contents
Defining the hypothesis, the role of a hypothesis in the scientific method, types of hypotheses, hypothesis formulation, hypotheses and variables.
- The Importance of Testing Hypotheses
- The Hypothesis and Sociological Theory
In sociology, as in other scientific disciplines, the hypothesis serves as a crucial building block for research. It is a central element that directs the inquiry and provides a framework for testing the relationships between social phenomena. This article will explore what a hypothesis is, how it is formulated, and its role within the broader scientific method. By understanding the hypothesis, students of sociology can grasp how sociologists construct and test theories about the social world.
A hypothesis is a specific, testable statement about the relationship between two or more variables. It acts as a proposed explanation or prediction based on limited evidence, which researchers then test through empirical investigation. In essence, it is a statement that can be supported or refuted by data gathered from observation, experimentation, or other forms of systematic inquiry. The hypothesis typically takes the form of an “if-then” statement: if one variable changes, then another will change in response.
In sociological research, a hypothesis helps to focus the investigation by offering a clear proposition that can be tested. For instance, a sociologist might hypothesize that an increase in education levels leads to a decrease in crime rates. This hypothesis gives the researcher a direction, guiding them to collect data on education and crime, and analyze the relationship between the two variables. By doing so, the hypothesis serves as a tool for making sense of complex social phenomena.
The hypothesis is a key component of the scientific method, which is the systematic process by which sociologists and other scientists investigate the world. The scientific method begins with an observation of the world, followed by the formulation of a question or problem. Based on prior knowledge, theory, or preliminary observations, researchers then develop a hypothesis, which predicts an outcome or proposes a relationship between variables.
Once a hypothesis is established, researchers gather data to test it. If the data supports the hypothesis, it may be used to build a broader theory or to further refine the understanding of the social phenomenon in question. If the data contradicts the hypothesis, researchers may revise their hypothesis or abandon it altogether, depending on the strength of the evidence. In either case, the hypothesis helps to organize the research process, ensuring that it remains focused and methodologically sound.
In sociology, this method is particularly important because the social world is highly complex. Researchers must navigate a vast range of variables—age, gender, class, race, education, and countless others—that interact in unpredictable ways. A well-constructed hypothesis allows sociologists to narrow their focus to a manageable set of variables, making the investigation more precise and efficient.
Sociologists use different types of hypotheses, depending on the nature of their research question and the methods they plan to use. Broadly speaking, hypotheses can be classified into two main types: null hypotheses and alternative (or research) hypotheses.
Null Hypothesis
The null hypothesis, denoted as H0, states that there is no relationship between the variables being studied. It is a default assumption that any observed differences or relationships are due to random chance rather than a real underlying cause. In research, the null hypothesis serves as a point of comparison. Researchers collect data to see if the results allow them to reject the null hypothesis in favor of an alternative explanation.
For example, a sociologist studying the relationship between income and political participation might propose a null hypothesis that income has no effect on political participation. The goal of the research would then be to determine whether this null hypothesis can be rejected based on the data. If the data shows a significant correlation between income and political participation, the null hypothesis would be rejected.
Alternative Hypothesis
The alternative hypothesis, denoted as H1 or Ha, proposes that there is a significant relationship between the variables. This is the hypothesis that researchers aim to support with their data. In contrast to the null hypothesis, the alternative hypothesis predicts a specific direction or effect. For example, a researcher might hypothesize that higher levels of education lead to greater political engagement. In this case, the alternative hypothesis is proposing a positive correlation between the two variables.
The alternative hypothesis is the one that guides the research design, as it directs the researcher toward gathering evidence that will either support or refute the predicted relationship. The research process is structured around testing this hypothesis and determining whether the evidence is strong enough to reject the null hypothesis.
The process of formulating a hypothesis is both an art and a science. It requires a deep understanding of the social phenomena under investigation, as well as a clear sense of what is possible to observe and measure. Hypothesis formulation is closely linked to the theoretical framework that guides the research. Sociologists draw on existing theories to generate hypotheses, ensuring that their predictions are grounded in established knowledge.
To formulate a good hypothesis, a researcher must identify the key variables and determine how they are expected to relate to one another. Variables are the factors or characteristics that are being measured in a study. In sociology, these variables often include social attributes such as class, race, gender, age, education, and income, as well as behavioral variables like voting, criminal activity, or social participation.
For example, a sociologist studying the effects of social media on self-esteem might propose the following hypothesis: “Increased time spent on social media leads to lower levels of self-esteem among adolescents.” Here, the independent variable is the time spent on social media, and the dependent variable is the level of self-esteem. The hypothesis predicts a negative relationship between the two variables: as time spent on social media increases, self-esteem decreases.
A strong hypothesis has several key characteristics. It should be clear and specific, meaning that it unambiguously states the relationship between the variables. It should also be testable, meaning that it can be supported or refuted through empirical investigation. Finally, it should be grounded in theory, meaning that it is based on existing knowledge about the social phenomenon in question.
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What is a hypothesis and how do I use it in my science fair project. Defining hypothesis and providing examples.
7th Grade Science Review of the Scientific Method. 19, 20207th Grade Science Lesson: May 19, 2020Objective/Learning Target:I can describe th. hem to solving a problem.Next watch this Video Over: The Scientific MethodBellwork -See what you rememb. r about Convection Currents and Earth's layers from yesterday's lesson!On you.
The six steps of the scientific method include: 1) asking a question about something you observe, 2) doing background research to learn what is already known about the topic, 3) constructing a hypothesis, 4) experimenting to test the hypothesis, 5) analyzing the data from the experiment and drawing conclusions, and 6) communicating the results ...
Get hypothesis examples that can be used in the scientific method and to design experiments. Learn about different hypothesis forms.
What is a hypothesis and how do I use it in my science fair project. Defining hypothesis and providing examples.
First of all, let's be honest. There are a lot of scientists out there that don't really use all the parts of the scientific method every time they do an experiment. That being said, we're still going to study it because it is the proper way to do it, and also the state mandates that all grade levels learn it. But keep in mind, some of the most important science work starts when people ...
In this lesson plan, students will use BrainPOP resources to learn about the scientific method and developing hypotheses.
A hypothesis (plural hypotheses) is a proposed explanation for an observation. The definition depends on the subject. In science, a hypothesis is part of the scientific method. It is a prediction or explanation that is tested by an experiment. Observations and experiments may disprove a scientific hypothesis, but can never entirely prove one.
The scientific method is defined as a method of research in which a problem is identified, relevant data is gathered, a hypothesis is formulated from this data, and the hypothesis is empirically tested.
At the middle school level, students develop an understanding of what a hypothesis is and when one is used. The notion of a testable hypothesis through experimentation that involves variables is introduced and practiced at this grade level. However, there is a danger that students will think every investigation must include a hypothesis.
Although this cartoon pokes fun at scientific hypotheses, the concept of hypothesis is one of the most important in science. Scientific investigations discover evidence that helps science advance, and the purpose of scientific investigations generally is to test hypotheses. Finding evidence to support or disprove hypotheses is how science advances.
A hypothesis is a statement that can be tested by scientific research. If you want to test a relationship between two or more variables, you need to write hypotheses.
Download Free Printable 7th Grade Science Worksheet on Scientific Method. Practice Free Sample Questions on Scientific Method with Answer Key.
Use this guide to learn how to write a hypothesis and read successful and unsuccessful examples of a testable hypotheses.
Hypothesis For Kids Crafting a hypothesis isn't just for scientists in white lab coats; even young budding researchers can join in the fun! When kids learn to frame their curious wonders as hypothesis statements, they pave the way for exciting discoveries. Our guide breaks down the world of hypothesis writing into kid-friendly chunks, complete with relatable thesis statement examples and ...
The hypothesis is an educated, testable prediction about what will happen. Make it clear. A good hypothesis is written in clear and simple language. Reading your hypothesis should tell a teacher or judge exactly what you thought was going to happen when you started your project. Keep the variables in mind.
Seventh Grade (Grade 7) Scientific Method questions for your custom printable tests and worksheets. In a hurry? Browse our pre-made printable worksheets library with a variety of activities and quizzes for all K-12 levels.
The video is part of the iBook for Year 7 and 8 Working Scientifically at Christ Church Grammar School. It briefly describes what a hypothesis is and how to write one for an investigation.
A hypothesis is a specific, testable statement about the relationship between two or more variables. It acts as a proposed explanation or prediction based on limited evidence, which researchers then test through empirical investigation. In essence, it is a statement that can be supported or refuted by data gathered from observation ...
The meaning of hypothesis. Definition of hypothesis. Best online English dictionaries for children, with kid-friendly definitions, integrated thesaurus for kids, images, and animations. Spanish and Chinese language support available
Year 7 Hypotheses and Variables quiz for 7th grade students. Find other quizzes for Other Sciences and more on Quizizz for free!
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